| 1. |
- Hillier, Ladeana W, et al.
(author)
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Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution
- 2004
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In: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 432:7018, s. 695-716
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present here a draft genome sequence of the red jungle fowl, Gallus gallus. Because the chicken is a modern descendant of the dinosaurs and the first non-mammalian amniote to have its genome sequenced, the draft sequence of its genome--composed of approximately one billion base pairs of sequence and an estimated 20,000-23,000 genes--provides a new perspective on vertebrate genome evolution, while also improving the annotation of mammalian genomes. For example, the evolutionary distance between chicken and human provides high specificity in detecting functional elements, both non-coding and coding. Notably, many conserved non-coding sequences are far from genes and cannot be assigned to defined functional classes. In coding regions the evolutionary dynamics of protein domains and orthologous groups illustrate processes that distinguish the lineages leading to birds and mammals. The distinctive properties of avian microchromosomes, together with the inferred patterns of conserved synteny, provide additional insights into vertebrate chromosome architecture.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Olofsson, Henrik, 1972, et al.
(author)
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Odin water mapping in the Orion KL region
- 2003
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 402, s. L47-L54
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- New results from water mapping observations of the Orion KL region using the submm/mm wave satellite Odin (2.1\arcmin beam size at 557 GHz), are presented. The ortho-H2O \jkktrans{1}{1}{0}{1}{0}{1} ground state transition was observed in a 7arcminx 7arcmin rectangular grid with a spacing of 1\arcmin, while the same line of H218O was measured in two positions, Orion KL itself and 2\arcmin south of Orion KL. In the main water species, the KL molecular outflow is largely resolved from the ambient cloud and it is found to have an extension of 60\arcsec-110\arcsec. The H2O outflow profile exhibits a rather striking absorption-like asymmetry at the line centre. Self-absorption in the near (or ``blue'') part of the outflow (and possibly in foreground quiescent halo gas) is tentatively suggested to play a role here. We argue that the dominant part of the KL H218O outflow emission emanates from the compact (size ~ 15\arcsec) low-velocity flow and here estimate an H2O abundance of circa 10-5 compared to all H2 in the flow - an order of magnitude below earlier estimates of the H2O abundance in the shocked gas of the high-velocity flow. The narrow ambient cloud lines show weak velocity trends, both in the N-S and E-W directions. H218O is detected for the first time in the southern position at a level of ~ 0.15 K and we here estimate an H2O abundance of (1-8) x 10-8. Odin is a Swedish-led satellite project funded jointly by the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB), the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the National Technology Agency of Finland (Tekes), and the Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES, France). The Swedish Space Corporation (SSC) was the industrial prime contractor and is also responsible for the satellite operation.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Antti, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Statistical experimental design and partial least squares regression analysis of biofluid metabonomic NMR and clinical chemistry data for screening of adverse drug effects
- 2004
-
In: Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-7439. ; 73:1, s. 139-49
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Metabonomic analysis is increasingly recognised as a powerful approach for delineating the integrated metabolic changes in biofluids and tissues due to toxicity, disease processes or genetic modification in whole animal systems. When dealing with complex biological data sets, as generated within metabonomics, as well as related fields such as genomics and proteomics, reliability and significance of identified biomarkers associated with specific states related to toxicity or disease are crucial in order to gain detailed and relevant interpretations of the metabolic fluxes in the studied systems. Since various physiological factors, such as diet, state of health, age, diurnal cycles, stress, genetic drift, and strain differences, affect the metabolic composition of biological matrices, it is of great importance to create statistically reliable decision tools for distinguishing between physiological and pathological responses in animal models. In the screening for new biomarkers or patterns of pathological dysfunction, methods providing statistically valid measures of effect-related changes will become increasingly important as the data within areas such as genomics, proteomics and metabonomics continues to grow in size and complexity. 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry are the principal analytical platforms used to derive the data and, because extensively large data sets are required, as much consideration has to be given to optimum design of experiments (DoE) as for subsequent data analysis. Thus, statistical experimental design combined with partial least squares (PLS) regression is proposed as an efficient approach for undertaking metabonomic studies and for analysis of the results. The method was applied to data from a liver toxicology study in the rat using hydrazine as a model toxin. 1D projections of 2D J-resolved (J-RES) 1H NMR spectra and the corresponding clinical chemistry parameters of blood serum samples from control and dosed rats (30 and 90 mg/kg) collected at 48 and 168 h post dose were analysed. Confidence intervals for the PLS regression coefficients were used to create a statistical means for screening of biomarkers in the two combined data blocks (NMR and clinical chemistry data). PLS analysis was also used to reveal the correlation pattern between the two blocks of data as well as the within the two blocks according to dose, time and the interaction dose×time.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Buckley, Patrick G, et al.
(author)
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A full-coverage, high-resolution human chromosome 22 genomic microarrayfor clinical and research applications
- 2002
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In: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 11:25, s. 3221-3229
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have constructed the first comprehensive microarray representing a human chromosome for analysis of DNA copy number variation. This chromosome 22 array covers 34.7 Mb, representing 1.1% of the genome, with an average resolution of 75 kb. To demonstrate the utility of the array, we have applied it to profile acral melanoma, dermatofibrosarcoma, DiGeorge syndrome and neurofibromatosis 2. We accurately diagnosed homozygous/heterozygous deletions, amplifications/gains, IGLV/IGLC locus instability, and breakpoints of an imbalanced translocation. We further identified the 14-3-3 eta isoform as a candidate tumor suppressor in glioblastoma. Two significant methodological advances in array construction were also developed and validated. These include a strictly sequence defined, repeat-free, and non-redundant strategy for array preparation. This approach allows an increase in array resolution and analysis of any locus; disregarding common repeats, genomic clone availability and sequence redundancy. In addition, we report that the application of phi29 DNA polymerase is advantageous in microarray preparation. A broad spectrum of issues in medical research and diagnostics can be approached using the array. This well annotated and gene-rich autosome contains numerous uncharacterized disease genes. It is therefore crucial to associate these genes to specific 22q-related conditions and this array will be instrumental towards this goal. Furthermore, comprehensive epigenetic profiling of 22q-located genes and high-resolution analysis of replication timing across the entire chromosome can be studied using our array.
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| 11. |
- Büki, Andras, 1966-, et al.
(author)
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Cytochrome c release and caspase activation in traumatic axonal injury
- 2000
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In: Journal of Neuroscience. - : Society for Neuroscience. - 0270-6474 .- 1529-2401. ; 20:8, s. 2825-2834
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Axonal injury is a feature of traumatic brain injury (TBI) contributing to both morbidity and mortality. The traumatic axon injury (TAI) results from focal perturbations of the axolemma, allowing for calcium influx triggering local intraaxonal cytoskeletal and mitochondrial damage. This mitochondrial damage has been posited to cause local bioenergetic failure, leading to axonal failure and disconnection; however, this mitochondrial damage may also lead to the release of cytochrome c (cyto-c), which then activates caspases with significant adverse intraaxonal consequences. In the current communication, we examine this possibility. Rats were subjected to TBI, perfused with aldehydes at 15-360 min after injury, and processed for light microscopic (LM) and electron microscopic (EM) single-labeling immunohistochemistry to detect extramitochondrially localized cytochrome c (cyto-c) and the signature protein of caspase-3 activation (120 kDa breakdown product of alpha-spectrin) in TAI. Combinations of double-labeling fluorescent immunohistochemistry (D-FIHC) were also used to demonstrate colocalization of calpain activation with cyto-c release and caspase-3-induction. In foci of TAI qualitative-quantitative LM demonstrated a parallel, significant increase in cyto-c release and caspase-3 activation over time after injury. EM analysis demonstrated that cyto-c and caspase-3 immunoreactivity were associated with mitochondrial swelling-disruption in sites of TAI. Furthermore, D-IFHC revealed a colocalization of calpain activation, cyto-c release, and caspase-3 induction in these foci, which also revealed progressive TAI. The results demonstrate that cyto-c and caspase-3 participate in the terminal processes of TAI. This suggests that those factors that play a role in the apoptosis in the neuronal soma are also major contributors to the demise of the axonal appendage.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- De Koning, H. J., et al.
(author)
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Large-scale randomized prostate cancer screening trials : Program performances in the european randomized screening for prostate cancer trial and the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovary cancer trial
- 2002
-
In: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136. ; 97:2, s. 237-244
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two large-scale randomized screening trials, the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovary (PLCO) cancer trial in the USA and the European Randomized Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) trial in Europe are currently under way, aimed at assessing whether screening reduces prostate cancer mortality. Up to the end of 1998, 102,691 men have been randomized to the intervention arm and 115,322 to the control arm (which represents 83% of the target sample size) from 7 European countries and 10 screening centers in the USA. The principal screening method at all centers is determination of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The PLCO trial and some European centers use also digital rectal examination (DRE) as an ancillary screening test. In the core age group (55-69 years), 3,362 of 32,486 men screened (10%) had a serum PSA concentration of 4 ng/ml or greater, which is I cut-off for biopsy (performed in 84%). An additional 6% was referred for further assessment based on other criteria, with much less efficiency. Differences in PSA by country are largely attributable to the age structure of the study population. The mean age-specific PSA levels are lower in the PLCO trial (1.64 ng/ml [in the age group 55-59 years], 1.80 [60-64 years] and 2.18 [65-69 years) than in the ERSPC trial (1.28-1.71 [55-59], 1.75-2.87 [60-64] and 2.48-3.06 [65-69 years]). Detection rates at the first screen in the ERSPC trial range from II to 42/1,000 men screened and reflect underlying differences in incidence rates and screening procedures. In centers with consent to randomization design, adherence in the screening arm is 91%, but less than half of the men in the target population are enrolled in the trial. In population-based centers in which men were randomized prior to consent, all eligible subjects are enrolled, but only about two-thirds of the men in the intervention arm undergo screening. Considerable progress has been made in both trials. Enrollment will be completed in 2001. A substantial number of early prostate cancers have been detected. The differences between countries seem to reflect both underlying prostate cancer incidence and screening policy. The trials have the power to show definitive results in 2005-2008.
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| 14. |
- Deedwania, P. C., et al.
(author)
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Efficacy, safety and tolerability of beta-adrenergic blockade with metoprolol CR/XL in elderly patients with heart failure
- 2004
-
In: Eur Heart J. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X. ; 25:15, s. 1300-9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: To study the efficacy and tolerability of beta-blockade in elderly patients with heart failure in the MERIT-HF study. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Risk reduction was defined as (1-HR). In patients > or = 65 years total mortality was reduced by 37% (95% CI 17% to 52%; p=0.0008), sudden death by 43% (95% CI 17% to 61%; p=0.0032), and death from worsening heart failure by 61% (95% CI 32% to 77%; p=0.0005). Hospitalisations for worsening heart failure was reduced by 36% (p=0.0006). Elderly patients with severe heart failure (NYHA class III/IV with ejection fraction < 0.25; n=425, and patients above 75 years (n=490) showed similar risk reductions. Metoprolol CR/XL was safe and well tolerated both during initiating therapy and during long-term follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Metoprolol CR/XL was easily instituted, safe and well tolerated in elderly patients with systolic heart failure. The data suggest that these are the patients in whom treatment will have the greatest impact as shown by number of lives saved and number of hospitalisations avoided. The time has come to overcome the barriers that physicians perceive to beta-blocker treatment, and to provide it to the large number of elderly patients with heart failure in need of this therapy.
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| 15. |
- Ghali, J. K., et al.
(author)
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Consistency of the beneficial effect of metoprolol succinate extended release across a wide range dose of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and digitalis
- 2004
-
In: J Card Fail. - 1071-9164. ; 10:6, s. 452-9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The effects of beta-blockade with different extent of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and digitalization are unknown. To assess the effect of metoprolol succinate controlled release/extended release (CR/XL) combined with high versus low doses of ACEI and digitalis, we analyzed data from The Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in Chronic Heart Failure (MERIT-HF) in which patients with heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction < or =40% were randomized to metoprolol CR/XL versus placebo. METHODS AND RESULTS: Outcome was analyzed separately for those on a low dose (< or =median) of the ACEI or digitalis versus high dose (> median). The mean dose of ACEI in the high-dose group (n = 1457) was 3 times higher than that in the low-dose group (n = 2094). Mortality was reduced to a similar extent in the high- and low-dose ACEI subgroups (RR = .69 versus .64, respectively). Corresponding figures for combined mortality/all hospitalization and for mortality/hospitalization for heart failure were .85 versus .83, and .70 versus .68, respectively. Likewise, reduction in total mortality with metoprolol CR/XL was similar in patients receiving no digitalis (n = 1447; RR = .56), low dose (n = 1122; RR = .71), or high dose (n = 1421; RR = .71). CONCLUSION: This analysis of MERIT-HF demonstrates consistent and similar improvement in outcome of patients receiving metoprolol CR/XL when combined with either a high or low dose of an ACEI or digitalis, or no digitalis at all. Thus regardless of ACEI and digitalis dose and whether patients are treated with digitalis or not, it is very important to add a beta-blocker to the existing heart failure therapy. beta-blockers should not be withheld until target doses of ACEI have been achieved.
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| 16. |
- Hoelzel, W, et al.
(author)
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IFCC reference system for measurement of hemoglobin A(1c) in human blood and the National Standardization Schemes in the United States, Japan, and Sweden: A method-comparison study
- 2004
-
In: Clinical Chemistry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0009-9147 .- 1530-8561. ; 50:1, s. 166-174
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The national programs for the harmonization of hemoglobin (Hb)A(1c) measurements in the US [National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP)], Japan [Japanese Diabetes Society (JDS)/Japanese Society of Clinical Chemistry (JSCC)], and Sweden are based on different designated comparison methods (DCMs). The future basis for international standardization will be the reference system developed by the IFCC Working Group on HbA(1c) Standardization. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationships between the IFCC Reference Method (RM) and the DCMs. Methods: Four method-comparison studies were performed in 2001-2003. In each study five to eight pooled blood samples were measured by 11 reference laboratories of the IFCC Network of Reference Laboratories, 9 Secondary Reference Laboratories of the NGSP, 3 reference laboratories of the JDS/JSCC program, and a Swedish reference laboratory. Regression equations were determined for the relationship between the IFCC RM and each of the DCMs. Results: Significant differences were observed between the HbA(1c) results of the IFCC RM and those of the DCMs. Significant differences were also demonstrated between the three DCMs. However, in all cases the relationship of the DCMs with the RM were linear. There were no statistically significant differences between the regression equations calculated for each of the four studies; therefore, the results could be combined. The relationship is described by the following regression equations: NGSP-HbA(1c) = 0.915(IFCC-HbA(1c)) + 2.15% (r(2) = 0.998); JDS/JSCC-HbA(1c) = 0.927(IFCC-HbA(1c)) + 1.73% (r(2) = 0.997); Swedish-HbA(1c) = 0.989(IFCC-HbA(1c)) + 0.88% (r(2) = 0.996). Conclusion: There is a firm and reproducible link between the IFCC RM and DCM HbA(1c) values. (C) 2004 American Association for Clinical Chemistry
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| 17. |
- Holmén, Jessica, 1971, et al.
(author)
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Mucins and their O-Glycans from human bronchial epithelial cell cultures.
- 2004
-
In: American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 1040-0605 .- 1522-1504. ; 287:4
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A longstanding question in obstructive airway disease is whether observed changes in mucin composition and/or posttranslational glycosylation are due to genetic or to environmental factors. We tested whether the mucins secreted by second-passage primary human bronchial epithelial cell cultures derived from noncystic fibrosis (CF) or CF patients have intrinsically different specific mucin compositions, and whether these mucins are glycosylated differently. Both CF and non-CF cultures produced MUC5B, predominantly, as judged by quantitative agarose gel Western blots with mucin-specific antibodies: MUC5B was present at approximately 10-fold higher levels than MUC5AC, consistent with our previous mRNA studies (Bernacki SH, Nelson AL, Abdullah L, Sheehan JK, Harris A, William DC, and Randell SH. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 20: 595-604, 1999). O-linked oligosaccharides released from purified non-CF and CF mucins and studied by HPLC mass spectrometry had highly variable glycan structures, and there were no observable differences between the two groups. Hence, there were no differences in either the specific mucins or their O-glycans that correlated with the CF phenotype under the noninfected/noninflammatory conditions of cell culture. We conclude that the differences observed in the mucins sampled directly from patients are most likely due to environmental factors relating to infection and/or inflammation.
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| 18. |
- Kinsman, John, et al.
(author)
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Quantitative process evaluation of a community-based HIV/AIDS behavioural intervention in rural Uganda
- 2002
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In: Health Education Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0268-1153 .- 1465-3648. ; 17:2, s. 253-265
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper describes the implementation of a large community-based HIV/AIDS behavioural intervention in rural Uganda and presents 4 years' worth of quantitative process data. The intervention involved 560 field-based workers (57% male, 76% subsistence farmers, mean age 35 years), supervised by six central staff. Intervention channels included drama and video shows, Community Educators (CEs), as well as leaflet and condom distribution. Activities focused on one or more of 16 key topics. In total, 392 000 attendances (51% female) were recorded--a mean of over 6 for each of the 64 000 target adults--at 81 000 activities, with CEs attracting 71% of the total attendance; 164 000 leaflets and 242 000 condoms were also distributed. The annual cost of the intervention per target individual was approximately US$1.76. Our voluntary workforce experienced an annual attrition rate of 11%, with 'stable' workers more likely to be older, married or opinion leaders in their community than those who dropped out. We calculate that even a significant increase in the proportion of female field workers would have made little difference either to the sex ratio of attendees or to overall attendance. In spite of some initial resistance to the intervention, particularly in relation to condoms, we have demonstrated that people in rural Africa can accept and actively participate in the dissemination of HIV/AIDS prevention messages throughout their own communities.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Koopman, H. M., et al.
(author)
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Illness through the eyes of the child: the development of children's understanding of the causes of illness
- 2004
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In: Patient Educ Couns. - : Elsevier BV. ; 55:3, s. 363-370
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study 158 children, 80 children with diabetes mellitus and 78 healthy classmates, were interviewed about their concept of different types of illness (a cold, diabetes, infection, the most and least serious disease) and illness-related concepts (pain, becoming ill and going to the doctor or hospital). Special attention was given to the relationship between development of thinking and the variables anxiety, locus of control and family- and school functioning. The results show that the ideas of the children about the causes of illness follow a sequence of developmental stages, described as 'Through the Eyes of the Child' (TEC) model. Perception seems to be the child's central auto regulative system of cognitive development. The findings suggest that thinking about illness develops relatively independently of other influences. The practical relevance of knowing how children's thinking about illness develops is elaborated in terms of their implications for health education. Immature thoughts of children about illness can be detected and accepted and not dismissed as irrational. With the help of this model, health education of the child can be facilitated.
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| 21. |
- Li, Wei, et al.
(author)
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3-Aminopropanal, formed during cerebral ischaemia, is a potent lysosomotropic neurotoxin
- 2003
-
In: Biochemical Journal. - 0264-6021 .- 1470-8728. ; 371:2, s. 429-436
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cytotoxic polyamine-derived amino aldehydes, formed during cerebral ischaemia, damage adjacent tissue (the so-called 'penumbra') not subject to the initial ischaemic insult. One such product is 3-aminopropanal (3-AP), a potent cytotoxin that accumulates in ischaemic brain, although the precise mechanisms responsible for its formation are still unclear. More relevant to the present investigations, the mechanisms by which such a small aldehydic compound might be cytotoxic are also not known, but we hypothesized that 3-AP, having the structure of a weak lysosomotropic base, might concentrate within lysosomes, making these organelles a probable focus of initial toxicity. Indeed, 3-AP leads to lysosomal rupture of D384 glioma cells, a process which clearly precedes caspase activation and apoptotic cell death. Immunohistochemistry reveals that 3-AP concentrates in the lysosomal compartment and prevention of this accumulation by the lysosomotropic base ammonia, NH3, protects against 3-AP cytotoxicity by increasing lysosomal pH. A thiol compound, N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine, reacts with and neutralizes 3-AP and significantly inhibits cytoxocity. Both amino and aldehyde functions of 3-AP are necessary for toxicity: the amino group confers lysosomotropism and the aldehyde is important for additional, presently unknown, reactions. We conclude that 3-AP exerts its toxic effects by accumulating intralysosomally, causing rupture of these organelles and releasing lysosomal enzymes which initiate caspase activation and apoptosis (or necrosis if the lysosomal rupture is extensive). These results may have implications for the development of new therapeutics designed to lessen secondary damage arising from focal cerebral ischaemia.
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| 22. |
- Machtejevas, E, et al.
(author)
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Automated multi-dimensional liquid chromatography: sample preparation and identification of peptides from human blood filtrate
- 2004
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In: Journal of Chromatography. B. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-376X .- 1570-0232. ; 803:1, s. 121-130
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A comprehensive on-line sample clean-up with an integrated two-dimensional HPLC system was developed for the analysis of natural peptides. Samples comprised of endogenous peptides with molecular weights up to 20 kDa were generated from human hemofiltrate (HF) obtained from patients with chronic renal failure. The (poly-)peptides were separated using novel silica-based restricted access materials with strong cation-exchange functionalities (SCX-RAM). The size-selective sample fractionation step is followed by cation-exchange chromatography as the first dimension. The subsequent second dimension of separation is based on hydrophobic interaction using four parallel short reversed-phase (RP) columns implemented via a fully automated column switching technique. More than 1000 peaks were resolved within the total analysis time of 96 min. Substances of selected peaks were sampled to analyse their molecular weights by off-line MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and to determine their amino acid sequence by Edman degradation. The potential for comprehensive peptide mapping and identification is demonstrated.
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| 23. |
- Munthe, John, et al.
(author)
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Distribution of atmospheric mercury species in Northern Europe: Final results from the MOE-project
- 2003
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In: Atmospheric Environment. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 37:Suppl 1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The mercury species over Europe (MOE) project was aimed at identifying sources, occurrence and atmospheric behaviour of atmospheric Hg species. Within MOE, emission measurements, ambient air measurements, process and regional-scale modelling and laboratory measurements were conducted. In this work, a summary of some of the main results is given. From the emission measurements, information on stack gas concentrations and emission factors for five coal fired power plants and three waste incinerators are presented. Results from field measurements of mercury species in ambient air at five locations in Northern Europe are presented. Examples from regional-scale atmospheric modelling are also given. The results emphasise the importance of information on Hg species for instance in emission inventories and measurement data from background sites. Furthermore, the importance of considering the role of the global cycling of mercury in future control strategies is emphasised
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| 24. |
- Pfohl, J., et al.
(author)
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Highly deformed rotational structures in 136Pm
- 2000
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In: Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813. ; 62:3, s. 313041-313045
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Four highly deformed structures in the odd-odd nucleus 13661Pm75 were observed via the 105Pd(35Cl,2p2n) reaction at 180 and 173 MeV using the GAMMASPHERE γ-ray spectrometer and the Microball charged-particle detector array. Quadrupole moment measurements were performed on all of the bands. In contrast to lighter odd-Ζ Pm and Pr nuclei, bands based on the g9/2[404]9/2 proton orbital were not observed. Instead, the four observed sequences are assigned as a coupling of an i13/2 neutron with the low-Ω h11/2 and mixed d5/2g7/2 orbitals. Comparisons with neighboring highly deformed structures are discussed and cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations for 136Pm are presented.
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| 25. |
- Powell, John, et al.
(author)
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Laser cutting stainless steel with dual focus lenses
- 2000
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In: Journal of laser applications. - : Laser Institute of America. - 1042-346X .- 1938-1387. ; 12:6, s. 224-231
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article the performance of a new type of lens is compared with traditional meniscus lenses for CO sub 2 laser cutting of medium ( > 5 mm) section stainless steel. Dual Focus lenses produce two focus spots, one above the other. This type of optic was found to be capable of higher cutting speeds and better quality cuts. A phenomenological model is presented which explains the superior performance of Dual Focus lenses. The model concentrates upon the fact that during high speed cutting of medium section metals, the laser does not irradiate the lower portion of the cut zone. This lower part of the cut is heated by the melt flowing over it, which has been previously heated by the laser. This melt preheating involves narrower kerfs and higher cut speeds if a dual focus lens is used.
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| 26. |
- Priori, Silvia G., et al.
(author)
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Task Force on Sudden Cardiac Death, European Society of Cardiology
- 2002
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In: Europace. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1099-5129 .- 1532-2092. ; 4:1, s. 3-18
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The European Society of Cardiology has convened a Task Force on Sudden Cardiac Death in order to provide a comprehensive, educational document on this important topic. The main document has been published in the European Heart Journal in August 2001[1]. The Task Force has now summarized the most important clinical issues on sudden cardiac death and provided tables with recommendations for risk stratification and for prophylaxis of sudden cardiac death. The present recommendations are specifically intended to encourage the development and revision of national guidelines on prevention of sudden cardiac death. The common challenge for cardiologists, physicians of other medical specialties and health professionals throughout Europe is to realize the potential for sudden cardiac death prevention and to contribute to public health efforts to reduce its burden.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Sha, Lui, et al.
(author)
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Real-Time Scheduling Theory: A Historical Perspective
- 2004
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In: Real-Time Systems. - 1573-1383. ; 28:2--3, s. 101-155
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this 25th year anniversary paper for the IEEE Real Time Systems Symposium, we review the key results in real-time scheduling theory and the historical events that led to the establishment of the current real-time computing infrastructure. We conclude this paper by looking at the challenges ahead of us.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Thornton, K., et al.
(author)
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Modelling the evolution of phase boundaries in solids at the meso- and nano-scales
- 2003
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In: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 51:19, s. 5675-5710
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Phase boundaries play an important role in setting the properties of multicomponent materials at both the meso- and nano-scales. In this review, we provide an overview of the modelling methods utilized in state-of-the-art research and engineering applications. We review the current physical understanding of how phase boundaries evolve, focusing on multicomponent systems. The recent advances in numerical modelling, fueled by powerful computers, have provided accurate and robust results that allow problems that are beyond the reach of analytic methods to be addressed. While the approaches used in engineering-oriented applications employ simplified microstructures, it is found that such models are quite useful in many problems. The ability to simulate realistic microstructures will further increase the power of materials modelling. We also highlight the differences between the sharp interface and diffuse interface approaches for modelling microstructural evolution. In addition, we identify future research topics in this area.
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| 34. |
- Tran, K. Q., et al.
(author)
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A novel particle trap impactor for use with the gas-quenching probe sampling system
- 2004
-
In: Aerosol Science and Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0278-6826 .- 1521-7388. ; 38:10, s. 955-962
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A novel particle trap impactor has been developed for use with the gas-quenching probe in order to exclude solid particles from entering into the probe during sampling of gaseous metallic species in fluidized bed combustion conditions. The impactor must be small in size (empty set(impactor)less than or equal toempty set(probe) = 45 mm) but capable of collecting a relatively large amount of particles at elevated temperatures. As the first step, the impactor was designed, constructed, and tested at room temperature for KCl aerosol particles. The impactor with a nozzle of 0.95 mm in diameter, in combination with the orifice-to-jet diameter ratio of 1.5 and the ratio of the jet-to-plate spacing to jet diameter at 1.4 yielded a sharp cutoff curve with a maximum collection efficiency of about 0.9 and a rootStk(50) value of about 0.22. In addition, the collection efficiency of the impactor was compared with the particle removal efficiency of a filter of the same type as the filter previously used with the gas-quenching probe. The difference from the comparison is very small, indicating that the impactor can be used to replace the filter to prevent fly ash particles from entering the gas-quenching probe in fluidized bed combustion conditions.
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| 36. |
- Öhd, John F, et al.
(author)
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Do leukotrienes increase cell viability in human intestinal epithelial cells?
- 2002
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In: Eicosanoids and Other Bioactive Lipids in Cancer, Inflammation, and Radiation Injury, 5. - Boston, MA : Springer US. - 0065-2598. - 9781461501930 - 9780306472831 ; 507, s. 8-193
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this preliminary report we present data showing that leukotrienes increase the baseline cell viability in human intestinal epithelial cells and that LTB4 partially reverses the morphological hallmarks of non-necrotic cell death induced by the COX-2 specific inhibitor NS-398. The proposed signaling mechanisms regulating these events are summarized in fig. 3. Please view the work on LT signal transduction in these cells by Thodeti et al. in this volume.
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