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- Brix-Christensen, V., et al.
(författare)
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Plasma cytokines do not reflect expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA at organ level after cardiopulmonary bypass in neonatal pigs.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172. ; 47:5, s. 525-531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers are increased in response to the trauma of cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). It is, however, unknown whether the plasma cytokine levels and cytokine mRNA expression at organ level reflect each other. Methods: Twenty-six piglets (17–19 days) were allocated to the sham-group (sternotomy only, n = 13) or to the CPB-group (sternotomy, 120 min CPB procedure with 60-min aortic cross-clamp, n = 13). The pigs were observed for 0.5 h or 4 h post-CPB. Plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and iNOS in organs were registered with concomitant changes in oxygenation index (OI) and expiratory nitric oxide (NO). Results: In pigs killed 0.5 h post-CPB there was a significant increase in IL-10 mRNA in the lungs and kidneys compared with the sham-group. IL-1β mRNA was detectable in the kidneys and lungs of the CPB-pigs, while IL-6 mRNA was up regulated only in lungs. In pigs killed 4 h post-CPB a significantly higher IL-6 mRNA was found in heart tissue and a lower IL-10 mRNA was found in lungs of CPB pigs compared with the sham-group. There was a concomitant significant increase in OI and increased plasma IL-8 and IL-10 concentrations in the CPB-pigs compared with the sham-pigs. Conclusion: The cytokine mRNA expression pattern was very different for the pigs killed already 0.5 h after the CPB procedure compared with the pigs killed 4 h post-CPB. The plasma cytokine levels poorly reflected mRNA expression of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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- Ibsen, H., et al.
(författare)
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Does albuminuria predict cardiovascular outcome on treatment with losartan versus atenolol in hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy? A LIFE substudy
- 2004
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Ingår i: J Hypertens. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0263-6352. ; 22:9, s. 1805-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To examine a possible relationship between baseline albuminuria and effect of losartan versus atenolol on cardiovascular (CV) events in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, the effect of losartan versus atenolol on albuminuria, and whether the benefits of losartan versus atenolol could be explained by influence of losartan on albuminuria. DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized, controlled trial of 4.8 years. SETTING: Out-patient setting. PATIENTS: A total of 8206 with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. INTERVENTIONS: Losartan or atenolol, supplemented with diuretics and/or calcium antagonists to reach blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The urine albumin/creatinine ratio, and the primary composite endpoint (CEP) of CV death, myocardial infarction, and stroke. RESULTS: The blood pressure was reduced similarly on losartan (30.2/16.6 mmHg) versus atenolol (29.1/16.8 mmHg). The risk of a primary CEP increased linearly from the lowest to the highest decile of baseline albuminuria. The benefits of losartan versus atenolol for the primary CEP and for stroke tended to be more pronounced among patients above the median value for baseline albuminuria (urine albumin/creatinine ratio, 1.28 mg/mmol). The decrease in albuminuria was significantly greater with losartan versus atenolol throughout the study (a decrease from baseline to year 2 of 33% losartan versus 25% atenolol). One-fifth of the difference in favor of losartan on the primary CEP was explained by the greater reduction in albuminuria on losartan. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline albuminuria is a powerful risk factor for CV events. Baseline albuminuria did not identify the group of patients with greatest benefit on losartan versus atenolol in LIFE. Reduction in albuminuria explained one-fifth of the benefits of losartan versus atenolol.
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- Acosta, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Fallbeskrivning. Endometrios orsakade kolonileus, uretärobstruktion och hypertoni
- 2001
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 98:18, s. 2208-2212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laparoscopy and palpation offer only a rough estimate of the extent of endometriosis. Consequently, endometriosis involving the bowels and urinary tract is under-diagnosed. Bowel obstruction and retroperitoneal endometriosis with obstruction of the ureter are uncommon conditions, but awareness of them is important. Ureteric obstruction develops slowly from periureteral fibrosis and often results in an asymptomatic hydronephrosis, loss of renal function and hypertension. Although renography is the first line of choice in investigation of the upper urinary tract in cases of suspected ureteric obstruction, ultrasound of the kidneys may be useful in the hands of the experienced gynecologist as a screening tool at consultation. The rationale for this recommendation is that ureteric obstruction and hydronephrosis often occur simultaneously. We present a case with bowel obstruction mimicking sigmoid carcinoma, ureteric obstruction and hypertension, caused by endometriosis, where the diagnostic difficulties are illustrated. Collaboration between gynecologist and urologist is essential in selected cases of endometriosis.
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| 13. |
- Ibsen, H., et al.
(författare)
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Albuminuria and cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE Study
- 2004
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Ingår i: Kidney Int Suppl. - 0098-6577. ; :92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies have shown that albuminuria is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular events. We tested the relationship between albuminuria (UACR) and cardiovascular risk in 8206 hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy included in the LIFE Study. Follow-up was 39,122 patient years. The risk for the primary composite cardiovascular end point increases continuously from the lowest to the highest decile of baseline UACR. No specific threshold could be identified. In conclusion, albuminuria predicts the outcome in the LIFE Study. The risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy increases at much lower UACR than has been reported in diabetic patients.
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| 14. |
- Johnsen, S. E., et al.
(författare)
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A single particle investigation on the kinetics of metal hydride materials
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 150:5, s. A629-A637
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Potential step chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were performed on single metal hydride (MH) particles. For the alpha phase, the bulk diffusion coefficient and the absorption/adsorption rate parameters were determined. Materials produced by atomization, melt spinning, and conventional casting were investigated. The melt spun and conventional cast materials were identical and the atomized material similar in composition. The particles from the cast and the melt spun material were shaped like parallelepipeds. A corresponding equation for this geometry, for diffusion coupled to an absorption/adsorption reaction was developed. It was found that materials produced by melt spinning exhibited lower bulk diffusion (1.7 x 10(-14) m(2) s(-1)) and absorption/adsorption reaction rate (1.0 x 10(-8) ms(-1)), compared to materials produced by conventional casting (1.1 x 10(-13) m(2) s(-1) and 5.5 x 10(-8) ms(-1), respectively). In addition, the influence of particle active surface and relative diffusion length were discussed. It was concluded that there are uncertainties connected to these properties, which may explain the large distribution in the kinetic parameters measured on MH particles.
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- Sorensen, OE, et al.
(författare)
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Processing of seminal plasma hCAP-18 to ALL-38 by gastricsin - A novel mechanism of generating antimicrobial peptides in vagina
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 1083-351X. ; 278:31, s. 28540-28546
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human cathelicidin, hCAP-18, is expressed both in neutrophils and in epithelial cells. hCAP-18 is processed to the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 by proteinase 3 in neutrophils. hCAP-18 is highly expressed in the epididymis with a subsequent high concentration in seminal plasma where the protein is present in its unprocessed and antimicrobially inactive form. We report here that hCAP-18 in seminal plasma is processed to generate a 38-amino acid antimicrobial peptide ALL-38 by the prostate-derived protease gastricsin when incubated at a pH corresponding to the vaginal pH. In accordance with this, seminal plasma derived hCAP-18 was found in its processed form in the vagina following sexual intercourse. The antimicrobial activity of ALL-38 against a variety of microorganisms tested is equal to that of LL37. This enzymatic activation of a proantimicrobial substance in seminal plasma following exposure to the vaginal milieu represents a novel mechanism to prevent infection following sexual intercourse.
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| 19. |
- Sørensen, Ole E, et al.
(författare)
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Human cathelicidin, hCAP-18, is processed to the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 by extracellular cleavage with proteinase 3
- 2001
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Ingår i: Blood. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 97:12, s. 3951-3959
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cathelicidins are a family of antimicrobial proteins found in the peroxidase-negative granules of neutrophils. The known biologic functions reside in the C-terminus, which must be cleaved from the holoprotein to become active. Bovine and porcine cathelicidins are cleaved by elastase from the azurophil granules to yield the active antimicrobial peptides. The aim of this study was to identify the physiological setting for cleavage of the only human cathelicidin, hCAP-18, to liberate the antibacterial and cytotoxic peptide LL-37 and to identify the protease responsible for this cleavage. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that both hCAP-18 and azurophil granule proteins were present in the phagolysosome. Immunoblotting revealed no detectable cleavage of hCAP-18 in cells after phagocytosis. In contrast, hCAP-18 was cleaved to generate LL-37 in exocytosed material. Of the 3 known serine proteases from azurophil granules, proteinase 3 was solely responsible for cleavage of hCAP-18 after exocytosis. This is the first detailed study describing the generation of a human antimicrobial peptide from a promicrobicidal protein, and it demonstrates that the generation of active antimicrobial peptides from common proproteins occurs differently in related species.
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