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- Petersson, Suzanne, et al.
(författare)
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A sisyphean task : experiences of perfectionism in patients with eating disorders
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Eating Disorders. - : BioMed Central. - 2050-2974. ; 5:3, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Despite the theoretical links between eating disorders and perfectionism, the definition of perfectionismin practice is complicated. The present study explored descriptions and experiences of perfectionism described by atransdiagnostic sample of patients.Methods: In-depth, semi-structured interviews were carried out with 15 patients. The interviews were analyzed byThematic Analysis. A comparison between the patients’ scorings on the Eating Disorder Inventory-Perfectionism scalewas also performed.Results: Seven themes were found: The origins of perfectionism, Top performance, Order and self-control, A perfectbody, Looking good in the eyes of others, A double-edged coping strategy, and A Sisyphean task. The women inthis study did not emphasize weight and body as the main perfectionistic strivings. Core descriptions were instead order,self-control and top performances. All of the participants described the awareness of reaching perfectionismas impossible. Scorings of self-oriented perfectionism was significantly higher compared to socially prescribedperfectionism. No differences in the narratives related to perfectionism scores or eating disorder diagnoseswere found.Conclusions: The results showed that psychometric measures do not always capture the patients’ definitionsof perfectionism, but regarding that perfectionism serves as a means to regulate affects and may lead into anexacerbation of the eating disorder, and the development of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, it is importantto investigate the personal definitions of perfectionism.
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| 2. |
- Schwebel, Frank J, et al.
(författare)
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Does mindfulness moderate the relationship between protective behavioral strategies and alcohol use in high school seniors?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. ; 39:S1, s. 146A-146A
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Decreases in alcohol consumptions have been linked to the use of protective behavioral strategies (PBS) a number of times (Arterberry et al., 2014; Kenny et al., 2014; & Braitman et al., 2014). Trait mindfulness has been researched looking for a link in substance use treatment. Promising results have been found (Grow et al., 2015; Vinci et al., 2014) that have led to the creation of treatment modalities such as Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (Bowen, Charla, Marlatt, 2010). The present study investigates the relation between PBS, mindfulness, and negative outcomes due to alcohol consumption. The participants are part of a larger study (N = 3,352) investigating a brief online alcohol use intervention amongWashington state (n = 1,181) and Swedish high school seniors (n = 2,171). Data was collected at a six-month follow-up via an online survey. Participants completed the 15-item Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale that measures PBS with responses ranging from 1-Never to 6-Always (PBSS; Martens et al., 2007); a 12-item trait mindfulness measure with responses ranging from1-Rarely/Not at all to 4-Almost always (Cognitive and AffectiveMindfulness Scale Revised; Feldman et al., 2007); and the Young Adult Alcohol Problem Screening Test (Hurlbut & Sher, 1992), which measures social and personal problems related to drinking. A regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the measures. Significant main effects were found for PBS (p < 0.001) and mindfulness (p < 0.01) on negative consequences of alcohol use. However, there was no moderating effect of mindfulness on the relation between PBS and negative effects of alcohol (p = 0.10). Results support past research on the impact of mindfulness on negative effects of alcohol. Results regarding PBS were not consistent with past literature regarding their impact on decreasing negative effects of alcohol. This may be attributed to a relationship between those individuals using PBS and the amount of negative drinking consequences they already experience. There was not enough evidence to suggest amoderating effect ofmindfulness as a factor that would further decrease negative alcohol effects. Future research could investigate whether a treatment designed to increase the effectiveness of PBS through increased mindfulness is a suitable intervention. This research was supported by NIAAA # 5R01AA018276 awarded to Drs. Larimer & Berglund.
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| 3. |
- Valenstein-Mah, Helen, et al.
(författare)
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Facets of mindfulness predict drinking consequences in a sample of American and Swedish adolescents
- 2015
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Ingår i: Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. ; 39:S1, s. 146A-146A
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mindfulness-based interventions have become increasingly utilized with individuals with alcohol and substance use disorders (e.g., Bowen et al., 2014); however, the relationship between mindfulness and substance use is complex (Karyadi et al., 2014). Mindfulness is a multifaceted construct and includes factors related to attentional control, present moment focus, and an attitude of non-judgment and acceptance. Thus, the relationship between different mindfulness factors and substance use, and negative consequences related to its use, may differ. In the present study, we examined which specific elements of mindfulness would best predict drinking consequences 6 months later in a sample of American and Swedish adolescents. Additionally, we examined whether adolescents’ nationality would moderate the relationship between mindfulness and drinking consequences. Our sample included Washington St, USA and Swedish adolescents participating in a larger study investigating a brief online intervention for alcohol use (N = 3,352). Participants completed an online survey at 6- and 12-month follow up. At the 6-month follow up, trait-mindfulness wasmeasured using the Cognitive and AffectiveMindfulness Scale-Revised (Feldman et al., 2007). At 12-month follow up, alcohol related negative consequences were measured using the Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index (White & Lobouvie, 1989). Linear regression analysis revealed that mindfulness factors did explain a significant proportion of variance in drinking consequences scores, R2 = 0.02, F(4, 620) = 2.67, p = 0.03. Specifically, the mindfulness factor of attention predicted drinking consequences, such that lower levels of attention predictedmore drinking consequences, b = 0.23, p = 0.02. None of the other mindfulness factors significantly predicted drinking consequences. Adolescents’ nationality did notmoderate the relationship between the mindfulness factors and drinking consequences 6 month later. The present study findings differ from previous findings, which found a relationship between awareness and drinking consequences (Fernandez et al., 2010), although this may be due to differences in how mindfulness factors were conceptualized and assessed. Nationality was not shown to moderate the relationship between mindfulness factors and drinking consequences, suggesting that mindfulness factors may not be culturally bound and may operate consistently across cultures, although examination of additional cultures is needed.
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