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| 2. |
- Dobsicek Trefna, Hana, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Antenna Applicator for Microwave Hyperthermia Treatment of Pediatric Brain Cancer
- 2014
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Ingår i: 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2014, The Hague, The Netherlands 6-11 April 2014. - 9788890701849
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A novel antenna applicator for microwave hyperthermia allowing treatment of deep brain tumors is proposed. The applicator consists of up to 16 antennas placed around the head in a helmet-like set-up and operates at a frequency range of 430-1000~MHz. The self-grounded bow-tie antennas are housed in a molded plastic enclosure with the shape of a truncated cone. The inner space of the enclosure is filled with distilled water. The antennas are attached to a perimetric water bolus with a thickness of 2 cm and aligned with the head shape. The focusing ability of the applicator was investigated on a homogeneous SAM model and on a model of a 13-year old patient containing a spherical tumor of 2 cm radius. Two different tumor positions were investigated: the right frontal lobe and the central brain. The obtained SAR distributions are favorable, although a relatively high level of energy is also absorbed on the surface of the body. This heating is however not expected to cause problems as it can be cooled by blood perfusion and water bolus. Our results show that focused microwave heating in the brain is feasible and warrants further verification on phantoms.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ejenstam, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Oxidation studies of Fe10CrAl-RE alloys exposed to Pb at 550 degrees C for 10,000 h
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3115 .- 1873-4820. ; 443:1-3, s. 161-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Five experimental FeCrAl-RE alloys have been exposed up to 10,000 h in stagnant liquid Pb at 550 C. The test matrix consisted of three 10 wt.% Cr alloys, with an Al content ranging from 4 to 8 wt.% (10Cr-4Al, 10Cr-6Al and 10Cr-8Al), one alloy without additions of reactive elements (RE) (10Cr-6Al), and one reference alloy with 21 wt.% Cr and 5 wt.% Al (21Cr-5Al). The evaluation showed a clear difference in oxidation properties, and it was possible to divide the alloys into two distinct groups. A critical Al concentration in the interval of 4-6 wt.% at the given RE content was required to form a thin protective oxide. However, the absence of RE addition in one of the two 10Cr-6Al alloys resulted in a significant reduction in oxidation resistance, comparable with 10Cr-4Al. None of the alloys were severely corroded, however Pb penetrated to a relatively large extent into the porous oxide of the low performing alloys. A 100 nm thick oxide scale, partly consisting of alumina (Al2O3), was observed for the high performing 10Cr-6Al alloy. The Fe10CrAl-RE alloys showed overall very good corrosion resistance and are hence a promising new alloy category for liquid Pb applications. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Escott-Price, Valentina, et al.
(författare)
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Gene-Wide Analysis Detects Two New Susceptibility Genes for Alzheimer's Disease
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:6, s. e94661-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Alzheimer's disease is a common debilitating dementia with known heritability, for which 20 late onset susceptibility loci have been identified, but more remain to be discovered. This study sought to identify new susceptibility genes, using an alternative gene-wide analytical approach which tests for patterns of association within genes, in the powerful genome-wide association dataset of the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project Consortium, comprising over 7 m genotypes from 25,580 Alzheimer's cases and 48,466 controls. Principal Findings: In addition to earlier reported genes, we detected genome-wide significant loci on chromosomes 8 (TP53INP1, p = 1.4x10(-6)) and 14 (IGHV1-67 p = 7.9x10(-8)) which indexed novel susceptibility loci. Significance: The additional genes identified in this study, have an array of functions previously implicated in Alzheimer's disease, including aspects of energy metabolism, protein degradation and the immune system and add further weight to these pathways as potential therapeutic targets in Alzheimer's disease.
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| 6. |
- Johannesdottir, Fjola, et al.
(författare)
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Distribution of cortical bone in the femoral neck and hip fracture: A prospective case-control analysis of 143 incident hip fractures; the AGES-REYKJAVIK Study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Bone. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2763 .- 8756-3282. ; 48:6, s. 1268-1276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this prospective nested case-control study we analyzed the circumferential differences in estimated cortical thickness (Est CTh) of the mid femoral neck as a risk factor for osteoporotic hip fractures in elderly women and men. Segmental QCT analysis of the mid femoral neck was applied to assess cortical thickness in anatomical quadrants. The superior region of the femoral neck was a stronger predictor for hip fracture than the inferior region, particularly in men. There were significant gender differences in Est CTh measurements in the control group but not in the case group. In multivariable analysis for risk of femoral neck (FN) fracture, Est CTh in the supero-anterior (SA) quadrant was significant in both women and men, and remained a significant predictor after adjustment for FN areal BMD (aBMD, dimensions g/cm(2), DXA-like), (p = 0.05 and p<0.0001, respectively). In conclusion, Est CTh in the SA quadrant best discriminated cases (n = 143) from controls (n = 298), especially in men. Cortical thinning superiorly in the hip might be of importance in determining resistance to fracture. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Johannesson, Kerstin, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Indiscriminate Males: Mating Behaviour of a Marine Snail Compromised by a Sexual Conflict?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 5:8, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background In promiscuous species, male fitness is expected to increase with repeated matings in an open-ended fashion (thereby increasing number of partners or probability of paternity) whereas female fitness should level out at some optimal number of copulations when direct and indirect benefits still outweigh the costs of courtship and copulation. After this fitness peak, additional copulations would incur female fitness costs and be under opposing selection. Hence, a sexual conflict over mating frequency may evolve in species where females are forced to engage in costly matings. Under such circumstance, if females could avoid male detection, significant fitness benefits from such avoidance strategies would be predicted. Methodology/Principal Findings Among four Littorina species, one lives at very much higher densities and has a longer mating season than the other three species. Using video records of snail behaviour in a laboratory arena we show that males of the low-density species discriminate among male and female mucous trails, trailing females for copulations. In the high-density species, however, males fail to discriminate between male and female trails, not because males are unable to identify female trails (which we show using heterospecific females), but because females do not, as the other species, add a gender-specific cue to their trail. Conclusions/Significance We conclude that there is likely a sexual conflict over mating frequency in the high-density species (L. saxatilis) owing to females most likely being less sperm-limited in this species. This has favoured the evolution of females that permanently or optionally do not release a cue in the mucus to decrease excessive and costly matings resulting in unusually high frequencies of male-male copulating attempts in the wild. This is one of few examples of masking gender identity to obtain fewer matings.
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| 8. |
- Jonsson, Henric
(författare)
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Towards a Framework for Production Strategy in Construction
- 2014
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The problem with low productivity increase in the construction industry is highlighted in many studies and in Sweden the need to improve productivity and client satisfaction in the construction industry has promoted a number of government investigations. One suggested way of improving productivity and client satisfaction is to move value adding activities offsite, to a more industrial environment. Compared to traditional on-site production, off-site production has been said to have many advantages such as: higher productivity, lower production cost, higher quality and shorter lead times. The trade-off when increasing the degree of off-site production is the reduced product and process flexibility. The trade-off between productivity and flexibility indicates that different production systems perform well in different areas of competition.The purpose of this research is to develop a production strategy framework for the construction industry, and more specifically for the production of multifamily residences. This framework can help construction firms to design the production system and find the right balance between productivity and flexibility. For the manufacturing industry, production strategy frameworks have been developed and shown useful when designing new or redesigning existing production systems. A corresponding framework adapted to the construction industry would be useful for construction firms when designing production systems to meet the targeted market in the most efficient way.Production strategy theory is traditionally built around two broad groups, decision categories and competitive priorities. Decision categories are areas in which a company must make decisions that are of long term importance for the production function. In this thesis focus is on the decision category traditionally named product/process technology and more specifically on the so called process choice i.e. choosing a production system that meets the demands from the targeted market in the most efficient way. To do this a classification matrix is developed that classify production systems along two dimensions, the degree of off-site assembly in one dimension and the degree of product standardisation in the other. This way of visualising the process and product characteristic has been used before, in traditional production strategy frameworks, to facilitate the process choice.For the classification matrix to be useful, the positions in the suggested classification matrix must be linked to the ability of different production systems to deliver manufacturing outputs. Therefor a performance measurement system is developed. In the process of developing classification matrix and the performance measurement system three research questions are addressed:RQ1. What dimensions can be useful, from a production strategy perspective, when classifying different production systems for the production of multifamily residences?RQ2. What manufacturing outputs/competitive priorities have to be taken into consideration when evaluating different production systems forproduction of multifamily residences?RQ3. How should the ability of a production system to deliver manufacturing outputs be measured?To answer the research questions an abductive approach has been used. The results from a literature review have been used to develop theoretical constructs. Case studies have then been used to empirically test the constructs. Thereafter the empirical data and information from additional literature reviews has then been used to further develop and refine the theoretical constructs. The findings of this research are thereby grounded in both theory and practise.There are two main contributions in this thesis. The first one is the proposed classification matrix for production systems producing multifamily residences. The classification matrix can be used as a base for production strategy reasoning in the construction industry. The second contribution is the suggested performance measurement system in which KPIs for measuring quality, delivery (speed and dependability), cost (level and dependability) and flexibility (volume, mix and expansion) have been defined.By positioning different production systems in the classification matrix and then use the defined performance measurement system, relative differences between the ability of different production systems to deliver manufacturing outputs can be exposed. The classification matrix can help companies to work with production strategy in a structured way, and to visualize the link between the market strategy and the production function of the firm in order to meet the demands from the targeted market in the most efficient way.
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| 9. |
- Jonsson, Åsa M., 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Size‐resolved particle emission factors for individual ships
- 2011
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In these experiments size‐resolved emission factors for particle number (EFPN) and mass (EFPM) have been determined for 734 individual ship passages for real‐world dilution. The method used is an extractive sampling method of the passing ship plumes where particle number/mass and CO2 were measured with high time resolution (1 Hz). The measurements were conducted on a small island located in the entrance to the port of Gothenburg (N57.6849, E11.838), the largest harbor in Scandinavia. This is an emission control area (ECA) and in close vicinity to populated areas. The average EFPN and EFPM were 2.55 ± 0.11 × 1016 (kg fuel)−1 and 2050 ± 110 mg (kg fuel)−1, respectively. The determined EF for ships with multiple passages showed a great reproducibility. Size‐resolved EFPN were peaking at small particle sizes ∼35 nm. Smaller particle sizes and hence less mass were observed by a gas turbine equipped ship compared to diesel engine equipped ships. On average 36 to 46% of the emitted particles by number were non‐volatile and 24% by mass (EFPN 1.16 ± 0.19 × 1016 [kg fuel]−1 and EFPM 488 ± 73 mg [kg fuel]−1, respectively). This study shows a great potential to gain large data‐sets regarding ship emission determining parameters that can improve current dispersion modeling for health assessments on local and regional scales. The global contributions of total and non‐volatile particle mass from shipping using this extensive data‐set from an ECA were estimated to be at least 0.80 Tgy−1 and 0.19 Tgy−1.
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| 10. |
- Kaldvee, Billy, et al.
(författare)
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Room-Fire Characterization Using Highly Range-Resolved Picosecond Lidar Diagnostics and CFD Simulations
- 2013
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Ingår i: Combustion Science and Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1563-521X .- 0010-2202. ; 185:5, s. 749-765
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In fire safety engineering, the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) allows for detailed multidimensional calculations of important parameters, for example, temperature. However, increasing use of CFD models puts requirements on experimental validation, a challenge for many measurement techniques under harsh fire conditions. In this work, laser-based picosecond light detection and ranging (ps-lidar) was used for remote measurements in a 1/2-scale ISO 9705 room containing either a methanol pool fire or a methane diffusion flame. Spatially resolved Rayleigh thermometry was conducted in the vertical door plane and in a horizontal plane inside the room. Temperatures obtained by ps-lidar are compared with values from thermocouples located in the doorway as well as results from CFD simulations. The technique allows for quantitative thermometry provided that minimal particle scattering interferences are present. Measurements of detailed distributions of temperature and particulates clearly demonstrate the potential of ps-lidar for diagnostics in large-scale combustion.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Lessard, Christopher J., et al.
(författare)
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Variants at multiple loci implicated in both innate and adaptive immune responses are associated with Sjogren's syndrome
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:11, s. 1284-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sjogrens syndrome is a common autoimmune disease (affecting similar to 0.7% of European Americans) that typically presents as keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia. Here we report results of a large-scale association study of Sjogrens syndrome. In addition to strong association within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region at 6p21 (P-meta = 7.65 x 10(-114)), we establish associations with IRF5-TNPO3 (P-meta = 2.73 x 10(-19)), STAT4 (Pmeta = 6.80 x 10-15), IL12A (P-meta = 1.17 x 10(-10)), FAM167ABLK (P-meta = 4.97 x 10(-10)), DDX6-CXCR5 (P-meta = 1.10 x 10(-8)) and TNIP1 (P-meta = 3.30 x 10(-8)). We also observed suggestive associations (P-meta andlt; 5 x 10(-5)) with variants in 29 other regions, including TNFAIP3, PTTG1, PRDM1, DGKQ, FCGR2A, IRAK1BP1, ITSN2 and PHIP, among others. These results highlight the importance of genes that are involved in both innate and adaptive immunity in Sjogrens syndrome.
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| 13. |
- Lind, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular Characterization of the alpha-Subunit of Na+/K+ ATPase from the Euryhaline Barnacle Balanus improvisus Reveals Multiple Genes and Differential Expression of Alternative Splice Variants
- 2013
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The euryhaline bay barnacle Balanus improvisus has one of the broadest salinity tolerances of any barnacle species. It is able to complete its life cycle in salinities close to freshwater (3 PSU) up to fully marine conditions (35 PSU) and is regarded as one of few truly brackish-water species. Na+/K+ ATPase (NAK) has been shown to be important for osmoregulation when marine organisms are challenged by changing salinities, and we therefore cloned and examined the expression of different NAKs from B. improvisus. We found two main gene variants, NAK1 and NAK2, which were approximately 70% identical at the protein level. The NAK1 mRNA existed in a long and short variant with the encoded proteins differing only by 27 N-terminal amino acids. This N-terminal stretch was coded for by a separate exon, and the two variants of NAK1 mRNAs appeared to be created by alternative splicing. We furthermore showed that the two NAK1 isoforms were differentially expressed in different life stages and in various tissues of adult barnacle, i.e the long isoform was predominant in cyprids and in adult cirri. In barnacle cyprid larvae that were exposed to a combination of different salinities and pCO(2) levels, the expression of the long NAK1 mRNA increased relative to the short in low salinities. We suggest that the alternatively spliced long variant of the Nak1 protein might be of importance for osmoregulation in B. improvisus in low salinity conditions.
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| 14. |
- Lyamin, Nikita, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Real-time Detection of Denial-of-Service Attacks in IEEE 802.11p Vehicular Networks
- 2014
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Ingår i: IEEE Communications Letters. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Press. - 1089-7798 .- 1558-2558. ; 18:1, s. 110-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for real-time detection of Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks in IEEE 802.11p vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) is proposed. The study is focused on the "jamming" of periodic position messages (beacons) exchanged by vehicles in a platoon. Probabilities of attack detection and false alarm are estimated for two different attacker models. © 2014 IEEE
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| 15. |
- Rosengren, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced Insulin Exocytosis in Human Pancreatic β-cells With Gene Variants Linked to Type 2 Diabetes.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1939-327X .- 0012-1797. ; 61:7, s. 1726-1733
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The majority of genetic risk variants for type 2 diabetes (T2D) affect insulin secretion, but the mechanisms through which they influence pancreatic islet function remain largely unknown. We functionally characterized human islets to determine secretory, biophysical, and ultrastructural features in relation to genetic risk profiles in diabetic and nondiabetic donors. Islets from donors with T2D exhibited impaired insulin secretion, which was more pronounced in lean than obese diabetic donors. We assessed the impact of 14 disease susceptibility variants on measures of glucose sensing, exocytosis, and structure. Variants near TCF7L2 and ADRA2A were associated with reduced glucose-induced insulin secretion, whereas susceptibility variants near ADRA2A, KCNJ11, KCNQ1, and TCF7L2 were associated with reduced depolarization-evoked insulin exocytosis. KCNQ1, ADRA2A, KCNJ11, HHEX/IDE, and SLC2A2 variants affected granule docking. We combined our results to create a novel genetic risk score for β-cell dysfunction that includes aberrant granule docking, decreased Ca(2+) sensitivity of exocytosis, and reduced insulin release. Individuals with a high risk score displayed an impaired response to intravenous glucose and deteriorating insulin secretion over time. Our results underscore the importance of defects in β-cell exocytosis in T2D and demonstrate the potential of cellular phenotypic characterization in the elucidation of complex genetic disorders.
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| 16. |
- Taneera, Jalal, et al.
(författare)
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A Systems Genetics Approach Identifies Genes and Pathways for Type 2 Diabetes in Human Islets
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cell Metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 1550-4131 .- 1932-7420. ; 16:1, s. 122-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Close to 50 genetic loci have been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but they explain only 15% of the heritability. In an attempt to identify additional T2D genes, we analyzed global gene expression in human islets from 63 donors. Using 48 genes located near T2D risk variants, we identified gene coexpression and protein-protein interaction networks that were strongly associated with islet insulin secretion and HbA(1c). We integrated our data to form a rank list of putative T2D genes, of which CHL1, LRFN2, RASGRP1, and PPM1K were validated in INS-1 cells to influence insulin secretion, whereas GPR120 affected apoptosis in islets. Expression variation of the top 20 genes explained 24% of the variance in HbA(1c) with no claim of the direction. The data present a global map of genes associated with islet dysfunction and demonstrate the value of systems genetics for the identification of genes potentially involved in T2D.
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| 17. |
- Wrange, Anna-Lisa, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Importance of plasticity and local adaptation for coping with changing salinity in coastal areas: a test case with barnacles in the Baltic Sea
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Evolutionary Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2148. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Salinity plays an important role in shaping coastal marine communities. Near-future climate predictions indicate that salinity will decrease in many shallow coastal areas due to increased precipitation; however, few studies have addressed this issue. The ability of ecosystems to cope with future changes will depend on species’ capacities to acclimatise or adapt to new environmental conditions. Here, we investigated the effects of a strong salinity gradient (the Baltic Sea system – Baltic, Kattegat, Skagerrak) on plasticity and adaptations in the euryhaline barnacle Balanus improvisus. We used a common-garden approach, where multiple batches of newly settled barnacles from each of three different geographical areas along the Skagerrak-Baltic salinity gradient were exposed to corresponding native salinities (6, 15 and 30 PSU), and phenotypic traits including mortality, growth, shell strength, condition index and reproductive maturity were recorded. Results We found that B. improvisus was highly euryhaline, but had highest growth and reproductive maturity at intermediate salinities. We also found that low salinity had negative effects on other fitness-related traits including initial growth and shell strength, although mortality was also lowest in low salinity. Overall, differences between populations in most measured traits were weak, indicating little local adaptation to salinity. Nonetheless, we observed some population-specific responses – notably that populations from high salinity grew stronger shells in their native salinity compared to the other populations, possibly indicating adaptation to differences in local predation pressure. Conclusions Our study shows that B. improvisus is an example of a true brackish-water species, and that plastic responses are more likely than evolutionary tracking in coping with future changes in coastal salinity.
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