| 1. |
- Thysell, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Validated and predictive processing of gas chromatography-mass spectra screening studies, diagnostics and metabolite pattern verification
- 2012
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Ingår i: Metabolites. - : M D P I AG. - 2218-1989 .- 2218-1989. ; 2:4, s. 796-817
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The suggested approach makes it feasible to screen large metabolomics data, sample sets with retained data quality or to retrieve significant metabolic information from small sample sets that can be verified over multiple studies. Hierarchical multivariate curve resolution (H-MCR), followed by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used for processing and classification of gas chromatography/time of flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOFMS) data characterizing human serum samples collected in a study of strenuous physical exercise. The efficiency of predictive H-MCR processing of representative sample subsets, selected by chemometric approaches, for generating high quality data was proven. Extensive model validation by means of cross-validation and external predictions verified the robustness of the extracted metabolite patterns in the data. Comparisons of extracted metabolite patterns between models emphasized the reliability of the methodology in a biological information context. Furthermore, the high predictive power in longitudinal data provided proof for the potential use in clinical diagnosis. Finally, the predictive metabolite pattern was interpreted physiologically, highlighting the biological relevance of the diagnostic pattern.
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| 2. |
- Thysell, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Validated and Predictive Processing of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Based Metabolomics Data for Large Scale Screening Studies, Diagnostics and Metabolite Pattern Verification
- 2012
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Ingår i: Metabolites. - Basel : MDPI. - 2218-1989. ; 2, s. 796-817
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The suggested approach makes it feasible to screen large metabolomics data, sample sets with retained data quality or to retrieve significant metabolic information from small sample sets that can be verified over multiple studies. Hierarchical multivariate curve resolution (H-MCR), followed by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used for processing and classification of gas chromatography/time of flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOFMS) data characterizing human serum samples collected in a study of strenuous physical exercise. The efficiency of predictive H-MCR processing of representative sample subsets, selected by chemometric approaches, for generating high quality data was proven. Extensive model validation by means of cross-validation and external predictions verified the robustness of the extracted metabolite patterns in the data. Comparisons of extracted metabolite patterns between models emphasized the reliability of the methodology in a biological information context. Furthermore, the high predictive power in longitudinal data provided proof for the potential use in clinical diagnosis. Finally, the predictive metabolite pattern was interpreted physiologically, highlighting the biological relevance of the diagnostic pattern. The suggested approach makes it feasible to screen large metabolomics data, sample sets with retained data quality or to retrieve significant metabolic information from small sample sets that can be verified over multiple studies. Hierarchical multivariate curve resolution (H-MCR), followed by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used for processing and classification of gas chromatography/time of flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOFMS) data characterizing human serum samples collected in a study of strenuous physical exercise. The efficiency of predictive H-MCR processing of representative sample subsets, selected by chemometric approaches, for generating high quality data was proven. Extensive model validation by means of cross-validation and external predictions verified the robustness of the extracted metabolite patterns in the data. Comparisons of extracted metabolite patterns between models emphasized the reliability of the methodology in a biological information context. Furthermore, the high predictive power in longitudinal data provided proof for the potential use in clinical diagnosis. Finally, the predictive metabolite pattern was interpreted physiologically, highlighting the biological relevance of the diagnostic pattern.
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| 3. |
- Basmarke-Wehelie, Rahma, et al.
(författare)
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The complement regulator CD46 is bactericidal to Helicobacter pylori and blocks urease activity
- 2011
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Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - Baltimore : Elsevier BV. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 141:3, s. 918-928
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: CD46 is a C3b/C4b binding complement regulator and a receptor for several human pathogens. We examined the interaction between CD46 and Helicobacter pylori (a bacterium that colonizes the human gastric mucosa and causes gastritis), peptic ulcers, and cancer.METHODS: Using gastric epithelial cells, we analyzed a set of H pylori strains and mutants for their ability to interact with CD46 and/or influence CD46 expression. Bacterial interaction with full-length CD46 and small CD46 peptides was evaluated by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and bacterial survival analyses.RESULTS: H pylori infection caused shedding of CD46 into the extracellular environment. A soluble form of CD46 bound to H pylori and inhibited growth, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, by interacting with urease and alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, which are essential bacterial pathogenicity-associated factors. Binding of CD46 or CD46-derived synthetic peptides blocked the urease activity and ability of bacteria to survive in acidic environments. Oral administration of one CD46 peptide eradicated H pylori from infected mice.CONCLUSIONS: CD46 is an antimicrobial agent that can eradicate H pylori. CD46 peptides might be developed to treat H pylori infection.
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| 4. |
- Berg, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Prednisolone on Sequelae in Bell's Palsy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery. - 0886-4470 .- 1538-361X. ; 138:5, s. 443-447
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To study whether prednisolone reduces sequelae in Bell's palsy. Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial with 12 months of follow-up. Setting: Seventeen referral centers. Patients: In all, 829 patients aged 18 to 75 years. Interventions: Randomization within 72 hours in a factorial fashion to placebo plus placebo (n=206); prednisolone, 60 mg/d for 5 days, with the dosage then tapered for 5 days, plus placebo (n=210); valacyclovir hydrochloride, 1000 mg 3 times daily for 7 days, plus placebo (n=207); or prednisolone plus valacyclovir (n=206). Main Outcome Measures: Facial function at 12 months assessed with the Sunnybrook and House-Brackmann grading systems. Results: In 184 of the 829 patients, the Sunnybrook score was less than 90 at 12 months; 71 had been treated with prednisolone and 113 had not (P<.001). In 98 patients, the Sunnybrook score was less than 70; 33 had received prednisolone and 65 had not (P<.001). The difference between patients who received prednisolone and who did not in House-Brackmann gradings higher than I and higher than II was also significant (P<.001 and P=.01, respectively). No significant difference was found between patients who received prednisolone and those who did not in Sunnybrook scores less than 50 (P=.10) or House-Brackmann grades higher than III (P=.80). Synkinesis was assessed with the Sunnybrook score in 743 patients. Ninety-six patients had a synkinesis score more than 2, of whom 33 had received prednisolone and 63 had not (P=.001). Sixty patients had a synkinesis score more than 4, of whom 22 had received prednisolone and 38 had not (P=.005). Conclusion: Prednisolone significantly reduces mild and moderate sequelae in Bell's palsy.
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| 5. |
- Boberg, Elin, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Pollinator shifts and the evolution of spur length in the moth-pollinated orchid Platanthera bifolia
- 2014
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Ingår i: Annals of Botany. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0305-7364 .- 1095-8290. ; 113:2, s. 267-275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plantpollinator interactions are thought to have shaped much of floral evolution. Yet the relative importance of pollinator shifts and coevolutionary interactions for among-population variation in floral traits in animal-pollinated species is poorly known. This study examined the adaptive significance of spur length in the moth-pollinated orchid Platanthera bifolia. Geographical variation in the length of the floral spur of P. bifolia was documented in relation to variation in the pollinator fauna across Scandinavia, and a reciprocal translocation experiment was conducted in south-east Sweden between a long-spurred woodland population and a short-spurred grassland population. Spur length and pollinator fauna varied among regions and habitats, and spur length was positively correlated with the proboscis length of local pollinators. In the reciprocal translocation experiment, long-spurred woodland plants had higher pollination success than short-spurred grassland plants at the woodland site, while no significant difference was observed at the grassland site. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that optimal floral phenotype varies with the morphology of the local pollinators, and that the evolution of spur length in P. bifolia has been largely driven by pollinator shifts.
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| 6. |
- Bommenel, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Att undervisa och delta i pedagogisk utveckling
- 2014
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Ingår i: Efter festen. Om konsten att utvecklas från doktor till docent eller en överlevnadsguide för den postdoktorala tillvaron. - 9789144094809 ; , s. 73-89
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Diesen, Veronica, et al.
(författare)
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Silver enhanced TiO2 thin films : photocatalytic characterization using aqueous solutions of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
- 2014
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Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 43:1, s. 344-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The photocatalytic activity in aqueous solutions of TiO2 and Ag enhanced TiO2 sol-gel produced films was characterized using tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) under black light (365 nm) and the observed differences in efficiency were further investigated by O-2 adsorption studies using the same probe. Hydrogen abstracting species, such as hydroxyl radicals formed upon photocatalysis, are able to abstract hydrogen from Tris. This reaction leads to the formation of formaldehyde which was detected and quantified through a modified version of the Hantzsch reaction. It was found that the Ag enhanced TiO2 film increased the apparent quantum yield from 7% to 12%, partly as a result of a Schottky barrier formation at the metal-semiconductor interface and partly as the sensitizing effect of Ag nanoparticles extends the visible light absorption, which through electron transfer processes enable an efficient charge separation in the TiO2 by attracting acceptor species more efficiently than pure TiO2. The O-2 adsorption studies in this paper showed that the Ag enhanced TiO2 film has a stronger adsorption affinity than pure TiO2 towards O-2, which make the reduction of O-2 more efficient with a subsequent enhanced electron-hole lifetime. It was also found that the Ag enhanced TiO2 film had a poorer adsorption affinity for Tris than the pure TiO2 film, which is a consequence of fewer available surface adsorption sites due to the Ag coverage at 64% which agrees well with the obtained adsorption equilibrium constants (K-LH(TiO2) = 615 M-1 and KLH(Ag-TiO2) = 320 M-1).
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| 8. |
- Jonsson, K. Hanna M., et al.
(författare)
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Studies on the conformational flexibility of alpha-L-rhamnose-containing oligosaccharides using C-13-site-specific labeling, NMR spectroscopy and molecular simulations : implications for the three-dimensional structure of bacterial rhamnan polysaccharides
- 2012
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Ingår i: Organic and biomolecular chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-0520 .- 1477-0539. ; 10:12, s. 2453-2463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bacterial polysaccharides are comprised of a variety of monosaccharides, L-rhamnose (6-deoxy-L-mannose) being one of them. This sugar is often part of alpha-(1 -> 2)- and/or alpha-(1 -> 3)-linkages and we have therefore studied the disaccharide alpha-L-Rhap-(1 -> 2)-alpha-L-Rhap-OMe to obtain information on conformational preferences at this glycosidic linkage. The target disaccharide was synthesized with C-13 site-specific labeling at C1' and at C2', i.e., in the terminal group. 2D H-1, C-13-HSQC-HECADE and H-1, C-13-J-HMBC NMR experiments, 1D C-13 and H-1 NMR spectra together with total line-shape analysis were used to extract conformationally dependent hetero- and homonuclear spin-spin coupling constants. This resulted in the determination of (2)JC(2',H1'), (3)J(C1',C1), (3)J(C1',C3), (3)J(C2',C2), (2)J(C1',C2), (1)JC(1',C2'), and (1)J(C1',H1'). These data together with previously determined J(CH) and H-1, H-1 NOEs result in fourteen conformationally dependent NMR parameters that are available for analysis of glycosidic linkage flexibility and conformational preferences. A 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of the disaccharide with explicit water molecules as solvent showed a major conformational state at phi(H) approximate to 40 degrees and psi(H) approximate to -35 degrees, consistent with experimental NMR data. In addition, MD simulations were carried out also for alpha-L-Rhap-(1 -> 3)-alpha-L-Rhap-OMe and a rhamnan hexasaccharide. The gathered information on the oligosaccharides was used to address conformational preferences for a larger structure, a 2- and 3-linked nonasaccharide, with implications for the 3D structure of rhamnan polysaccharides, which should be regarded as flexible polymers.
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| 9. |
- Jonsson, Lina, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Mutation screening of melatonin-related genes in patients with autism spectrum disorders.
- 2010
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Ingår i: BMC medical genomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1755-8794. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: One consistent finding in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a decreased level of the pineal gland hormone melatonin and it has recently been demonstrated that this decrease to a large extent is due to low activity of the acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT), the last enzyme in the melatonin synthesis pathway. Moreover, mutations in the ASMT gene have been identified, including a splice site mutation, that were associated with low ASMT activity and melatonin secretion, suggesting that the low ASMT activity observed in autism is, at least partly, due to variation within the ASMT gene. METHODS: In the present study, we have investigated all the genes involved in the melatonin pathway by mutation screening of AA-NAT (arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase), ASMT, MTNR1A, MTNR1B (melatonin receptor 1A and 1B) and GPR50 (G protein-coupled receptor 50), encoding both synthesis enzymes and the three main receptors of melatonin, in 109 patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A cohort of 188 subjects from the general population was used as a comparison group and was genotyped for the variants identified in the patient sample. RESULTS: Several rare variants were identified in patients with ASD, including the previously reported splice site mutation in ASMT (IVS5+2T>C). Of the variants affecting protein sequence, only the V124I in the MTNR1B gene was absent in our comparison group. However, mutations were found in upstream regulatory regions in three of the genes investigated, ASMT, MTNR1A, and MTNR1B. CONCLUSIONS: Our report of another ASD patient carrying the splice site mutation IVS5+2T>C, in ASMT further supports an involvement of this gene in autism. Moreover, our results also suggest that other melatonin related genes might be interesting candidates for further investigation in the search for genes involved in autism spectrum disorders and related neurobehavioral phenotypes. However, further studies of the novel variants identified in this study are warranted to shed light on their potential role in the pathophysiology of these disorders.
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| 10. |
- Jonsson, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Länsstyrelsen och reduktionen : Den östgötska länsstyrelsens delaktighet i Karl XI:s reduktion under slutet av 1680-talet / Ogifta mödrar och oäkta barn : En kvantitativ studie om utomäktenskapligt moderskap och oäkta barn i Östergötland och Småland under 1800-talet
- 2013
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Länsstyrelsen och reduktionen : Den östgötska länsstyrelsens delaktighet i Karl XI:s reduktion under slutetav 1680-talet Av Markus JohanssonPå 1600-talet, under en period av grovt sett 100 år, innehade Sverige en maktställning i sitt närområde som inte motsvarades av något liknande förut, och som efter freden i Nystad 1721 heller aldrig kom att återskapas. Frågan som historiker har ställt – och fortfarande ställer – är hur? Hur kunde vårt vidsträckta land med sitt karga klimat och med sin lilla befolkning under en så förhållandevis lång tidsperiod behärska så stor del av sitt närområde?Svaret har sökts på många områden. En förklaring som fått stort genomslag är att Sverige tidigt haft en väl utvecklade förvaltning och att den skulle ha inneburit ett avgörande övertag gentemot landets fiender. Det var genom att ligga i framkant av den administrativa utvecklingen som Sverige kunde uppbåda de samlade krafter som behövdes för att upprätthålla stormaktsväldet över en längre tid.I och med 1634 års regeringsform lades grunden till den moderna förvaltningen i Sverige. Många av dess skapelser finns fortfarande kvar, måhända i omgjord form. Länsstyrelsen är en sådan. Länsstyrelsen eller landshövdingedömet, som det kallades fram till 1800-talet,2 ersatte det ståthållarskap som införts under Gustav Vasas tid. Redan Gustav Vasas söner hade försökt att förändra och förbättra den regionala maktens organisering. Först med regeringsformen 1634 och landshövdingeinstruktionen året därpå kom ett varaktigt system att implementeras.Förutom de många krigen var ett annat kännetecken för 1600-talet att mer och mer makt samlas hos en person, en absolut envåldshärskare, som närmast blev synonym med statsmakten. Sverige är inget undantag från denna utveckling som i övrigt har Danmark och Frankrike som likartade exempel och England som ett bra motexempel. Den reduktion som utfärdades, och till stor del genomfördes under Karl XI:s regentskap, har fått stå som symbolen över hur ägande och makt samlades till staten och den ensamma härskaren.I den här uppsatsen intresserar jag mig för dessa två företeelser. Länsstyrelsens funktion i Karl XI:s reduktion är vad den här uppsatsen kommer att behandla. Tiden är mitten och slutet av 1680-talet, alltså ett par år in på reduktionen. Platsen är Östergötlands län. Genom att undersöka vilka order och instruktioner som gavs åt länsstyrelsen i Linköping från centralt håll vill jag ta reda på hur Östergötlands länsstyrelse var delaktiga i Karl XI:s reduktion.
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| 11. |
- Jonsson, Ove, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Minimal Safe Arterial Blood Flow During Selective Antegrade Cerebral Perfusion at 20° Centigrade
- 2011
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Ingår i: Annals of Thoracic Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-4975 .- 1552-6259. ; 91:4, s. 1198-1205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSelective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP) enables surgery on the aortic arch, where cerebral ischemia may cause neurologic sequels. This study aims to identify the minimum arterial flow level to maintain adequate cerebral perfusion during SACP in deep hypothermia in the pig.MethodsTwo groups of pigs were subjected to SACP at 20°C α-stat. In group 1 (n = 6), flow was stepwise adjusted from 8-6-4-2-8 mL · kg−1 · min−1 and in group 2 (n = 5), flow was kept constant at 6 mL · kg−1 · min−1. Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy were performed at each flow level together with hemodynamic monitoring and blood gas analysis. The biochemical marker of cerebral damage protein S100β was measured in peripheral blood.ResultsDecreased mixed venous oxygen saturation and increased lactate in magnetic resonance spectroscopy was seen as a sign of anaerobic metabolism below 6 mL · kg−1 · min−1. No ischemic damage was seen on diffusion-weighted imaging, but the concentrations of S100β were significantly elevated in group 1 compared with group 2 at the end of the experiment (p < 0.05). Perfusion-weighted imaging showed coherence between flow setting and cerebral perfusion, increase of blood volume across time, and regional differences in perfusion during SACP.ConclusionsThe findings suggest an ischemic threshold close to 6 mL · kg−1 · min−1 in the present model. Regional differences in perfusion during SACP may be of pathogenic importance to focal cerebral ischemia.
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| 12. |
- Marsk, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Early Deterioration in Bell's Palsy : Prognosis and Effect of Prednisolone
- 2010
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Ingår i: Otology and Neurotology. - 1531-7129 .- 1537-4505. ; 31:9, s. 1503-1507
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To assess if early deterioration is a negative prognostic factor in Bell's palsy and if prednisolone treatment reduces early progression and enhances recovery. Study Design: Data extracted from the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter, Scandinavian Bell's palsy study. Setting: Sixteen tertiary referral centers in Sweden and one in Finland. Patients: A total of 829 patients aged 18 to 75 years with Bell's palsy. Intervention: The study design was factorial; 416 patients were given prednisolone, whereas 413 did not receive the drug. Data were analyzed with a modified intention-to-treat principle and the last-observation-carried-forward method. Main Outcome Measures: Facial function was assessed within 72 hours before treatment start, at Days 11 to 17, and at 12 months. Sunnybrook was used as the main facial grading system with complete recovery defined as Sunnybrook 100. Results: In 236 (28%) of 829 patients, the palsy deteriorated from baseline to the first follow-up at Days 11 to 17. Complete recovery at 12 months was 45% among subjects with early deterioration compared with 73% in patients with no initial deterioration (p < 0.0001). In the early deterioration group, complete recovery at 12 months was 62% in patients treated with prednisolone and 31% in those not treated (p G 0.0001). Conclusion: Early deterioration in Bell's palsy is a negative prognostic factor for complete recovery at 12 months. Prednisolone given within 72 hours may reduce early progression and improve the outcome of palsy.
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| 13. |
- Marsk, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of nonrecovery in Bell's palsy using sunnybrook grading
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Laryngoscope. - : Wiley. - 0023-852X .- 1531-4995. ; 122:4, s. 901-906
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives/Hypothesis: To develop a clinical prognostic model to identify Bell's palsy patients with risk for nonrecovery at 12 months. Study Design: Data from a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. Methods: There were 829 patients with Bell's palsy randomized in a factorial fashion to treatment with prednisolone or no prednisolone. Facial function was assessed with the Sunnybrook grading scale. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses at different time points were used to identify factors predicting nonrecovery, defined as Sunnybrook < 70 at 12 months. Variables studied were age, gender, time to inclusion, prednisolone treatment, side of palsy, pain at inclusion, and Sunnybrook scores. Factors of predictable significance were used to construct prognostic models at baseline, days 11 to 17, and at 1 month. Receiver operating characteristics curves were created to test the predictive capacity of the models. Results: At baseline, treatment with prednisolone or no prednisolone (P = .0005), age (P = .04) and the Sunnybrook score (P = .0002) were significant factors for predicting nonrecovery. The receiver operating characteristics area under the curve at baseline for these three variables was 0.74 (sensitivity 0.83, specificity 0.57). At days 11 to 17 and at 1 month, the Sunnybrook score was the only significant predictive variable. The respective areas under the curves for the Sunnybrook score at these time points were 0.83 (sensitivity 0.81, specificity 0.75) and 0.94 (sensitivity 0.91, specificity 0.85). Conclusions: Sunnybrook grading at 1 month most accurately predicts nonrecovery at 12 months in Bell's palsy.
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| 14. |
- Marsk, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of a Swedish version of the Facial Disability Index (FDI) and the Facial Clinimetric Evaluation (FaCE) scale
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 133:6, s. 662-669
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conclusion: Swedish versions of the Facial Disability Index (FDI) and Facial Clinimetric Evaluation (FaCE) scale are psychometrically valid. Both questionnaires can be used for clinical studies on peripheral facial palsy patients, and provide important information on quality of life. Objectives: To translate and validate Swedish versions of the FDI and FaCE scale in patients with peripheral facial palsy. Methods: Translation of the original questionnaires followed international guidelines. Internal consistency and test-retest stability were assessed in adult patients with stable peripheral facial palsy. Facial function was examined with the Sunnybrook and House-Brackmann scales. Subjects answered the questionnaires twice with a 2-week interval. Validity was assessed by comparing FDI and FaCE scale scores to SF-36 and Sunnybrook/House-Brackmann scores. Results: Ninety-three patients were included, 53% women and 47% men, mean age 56.9 years and mean duration of palsy 51.9 months. The questionnaires showed good/excellent psychometric properties with Cronbach's alpha scores between 0.76 and 0.92. In the test-retest analysis, intra-class correlation coefficients were very good for both questionnaires with scores of 0.83-0.97. Both questionnaires showed good sensitivity to discriminate between patients with varying degrees of facial dysfunction. Moderate to strong correlation was found between the social domains in the questionnaires when compared with the equivalent domains in SF-36.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Olsson, Elin, 1980-
(författare)
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Social Relations in Youth : Determinants and Consequences of Relations to Parents, Teachers, and Peers
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis includes three empirical studies on Swedish children’s well-being. Central themes in these studies are how children’s social relations are influenced by and influence other dimensions of their well-being. The studies are framed in the introductory chapter, which includes an international comparison of children’s social relations. Study I analyses whether relations with parents and teachers are associated with the adolescent’s social background and whether the positive consequences of having strong relations are more important for disadvantaged adolescents. The results, based on nationally representative survey data, confirm that strong social relations are conducive to adolescents’ school and psychological outcomes, and show that disadvantaged adolescents have weaker relations with parents and teachers. Furthermore, these results imply that relations with teachers are of particular importance for disadvantaged adolescents’ outcomes, while parental relations are equally important for both advantaged and disadvantaged adolescents. Study II investigates the social side of consumption by studying the association between adolescents’ economic resources and their relations with peers. Analyses on nationally representative survey data; which include children’s own responses, as well as information from parents and register data, show that economic resources, in terms of both household economy and adolescents’ own resources, are positively associated with peer relations. Study III analyses whether final grades in compulsory school are influenced by the sex composition in school classes. Analyses using register data show that boys’ grades are negatively affected by the share of girls in school classes in typical female school subjects. Girls’ grades are negatively affected by the share of boys with highly educated parents. The proposed explanation behind the results is that sex composition effects are due to negative social comparisons with the other sex.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Roslund, Mattias U., et al.
(författare)
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Complete 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift assignments of mono-, di-, and trisaccharides as basis for NMR chemical shift predictions of polysaccharides using the computer program CASPER
- 2011
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0008-6215 .- 1873-426X. ; 346:11, s. 1311-1319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The computer program casper uses 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift data of mono- to trisaccharides for the prediction of chemical shifts of oligo- and polysaccharides. In order to improve the quality of these predictions the 1H and 13C, as well as 31P when applicable, NMR chemical shifts of 30 mono-, di-, and trisaccharides were assigned. The reducing sugars gave two distinct sets of NMR resonances due to the α- and β-anomeric forms. In total 35 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift data sets were obtained from the oligosaccharides. One- and two-dimensional NMR experiments were used for the chemical shift assignments and special techniques were employed in some cases such as 2D 1H,13C-HSQC Hadamard Transform methodology which was acquired approximately 45 times faster than a regular t1 incremented 1H,13C-HSQC experiment and a 1D 1H,1H-CSSF-TOCSY experiment which was able to distinguish spin-systems in which the target protons were only 3.3 Hz apart. The 1H NMR chemical shifts were subsequently refined using total line-shape analysis with the PERCH NMR software. The acquired NMR data were then utilized in the casper program (http://www.casper.organ.su.se/casper/) for NMR chemical shift predictions of the O-antigen polysaccharides from Klebsiella O5, Shigella flexneri serotype X, and Salmonella arizonae O62. The data were compared to experimental data of the polysaccharides from the two former strains and the lipopolysaccharide of the latter strain showing excellent agreement between predicted and experimental 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts.
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| 20. |
- Sjoqvist, C., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Grazer Presence on Genetic Structure of a Phenotypically Diverse Diatom Population
- 2014
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Ingår i: Microbial Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0095-3628 .- 1432-184X. ; 67:1, s. 83-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies of predator-prey systems in both aquatic and terrestrial environments have shown that grazers structure the intraspecific diversity of prey species, given that the prey populations are phenotypically variable. Populations of phytoplankton have traditionally considered comprising only low intraspecific variation, hence selective grazing as a potentially structuring factor of both genetic and phenotypic diversity has not been comprehensively studied. In this study, we compared strain specific growth rates, production of polyunsaturated aldehydes, and chain length of the marine diatom Skeletonema marinoi in both grazer and non-grazer conditions by conducting monoclonal experiments. Additionally, a mesocosm experiment was performed with multiclonal experimental S. marinoi populations exposed to grazers at different levels of copepod concentration to test effects of grazer presence on diatom diversity in close to natural conditions. Our results show that distinct genotypes of a geographically restricted population exhibit variable phenotypic traits relevant to grazing interactions such as chain length and growth rates. Grazer presence affected clonal richness and evenness of multiclonal Skeletonema populations in the mesocosms, likely in conjunction with intrinsic interactions among the diatom strains. Only the production of polyunsaturated aldehydes was not affected by grazer presence. Our findings suggest that grazing can be an important factor structuring diatom population diversity in the sea and emphasize the importance of considering clonal differences when characterizing species and their role in nature.
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