| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
-
Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bjarnegard, Elin, et al.
(författare)
-
Sex instead of money: Conceptualizing sexual corruption
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Governance. An International Journal of Policy, Administration and Institutions. - : WILEY. - 0952-1895 .- 1468-0491.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on the dynamics of corruption has rarely considered sex as a currency in corrupt transactions. This article puts forward the argument that the abuse of entrusted power in exchange for personal gain is relevant also when sex, rather than money, is the currency. It then contributes with a careful conceptualization of such transactions as sexual corruption. Anchoring our conceptualization in the abuse of entrusted power, the article defines sexual corruption, its elements, categories and delimitations, and proposes a conceptual framework that can be used to develop research on sexual corruption. We also address the implications of recognizing sex as a currency in corrupt transactions, providing insights as to why abuse of power is often overlooked when sex is the currency of the transaction. Our approach offers analytic precision and contributes to setting an agenda for the study of sexual corruption as an obstacle to good governance, at a time when efforts to collect data on sexual corruption are increasing.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bylund, Nina, et al.
(författare)
-
Quality of Life in Bell's Palsy : Correlation with Sunnybrook and House-Brackmann Over Time
- 2021
-
Ingår i: The Laryngoscope. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0023-852X .- 1531-4995. ; 131:2, s. E612-E618
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesTo compare patient‐graded facial and social/well‐being function with physician‐graded facial function in Bell's palsy over time.Study DesignA prospective follow‐up study at two tertiary otorhinolaryngological centers.MethodsA total of 96 patients, 36 women and 60 men, aged 18–77 years, were included. Facial Clinimetric Evaluation (FaCE) scale and Facial Disability Index (FDI) scores were compared with Sunnybrook and House‐Brackmann scores.ResultsInclusion was on mean day 7 (96 patients) and follow‐up on days 53 (81 patients) and 137 (32 patients). Initially, correlations between FaCE total score, FaCE domains, FDI physical function, FDI social/well‐being function and Sunnybrook and House‐Brackmann scores were low to fair, except for FaCE facial movement (r = 0.55). Correlations between FaCE total score and Sunnybrook score were very good to excellent at visits 2 (r = 0.83) and 3 (r = 0.81). Women scored FaCE social and FDI social/well‐being function lower than men, despite similar Sunnybrook scores.ConclusionIn early stages of Bell's palsy, there were low to fair correlations between FaCE/FDI (except for facial movement) and Sunnybrook score. This implies that the design of the quality of life (QoL) instruments is less suited for the acute phase. The high correlations at follow‐ups suggest that the questionnaires can be used for evaluation of QoL over time. Our results indicate that women experience more facial palsy‐related psychosocial dysfunction.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E612–E618, 2021
|
|
| 5. |
- Eldén, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Sextortion : corruption and gender-based violence
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sextortion är en form av korruption och könsbaserat våld. Det innebär att en person missbrukar sin maktposition för att få tillgång till en sexuell tjänst i utbyte mot en tjänst eller förmån som hen har möjlighet att bevilja eller undanhålla i kraft av sin position. Sextortion är en korrupt handling där valutan är sex, och en sexuell handling där utbytet, quid pro quo, medför en form av tvång. Ansvaret för sextortion ligger alltid hos den part som missbrukar sin position (förövaren), och utbytet bidrar till skam, rädsla och osynliggörande genom att offret framställs som ‘medskyldigt’. Sextortion är en kränkning av mänskliga rättigheter och ett missbruk av makt, och måste förstås i relation till de köns- och maktrelationer och -normer som utgör handlingens sammanhang.
|
|
| 6. |
- Eriksson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
-
Different beef breed sires used for crossbreeding with Swedish dairy cows - effects on calving performance and carcass traits
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 232
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improved potential for weight gain and carcass classification traits in calves aimed at slaughter from dairy herds would increase the calves' economic value, and enable an increased beef production. At present, relatively low economic weights are placed on beef traits in the comprehensive Nordic dairy cattle breeding goal. An effective way to improve beef production from dairy herds is therefore to inseminate a larger proportion of dairy heifers and cows with beef bull semen. In the choice of beef bull breed, both effects on calving traits, carcass weight gain and carcass traits need to be considered. The aim of this study was therefore to compare different beef x dairy crosses regarding calving performance and carcass traits. Field data comprising in total close to 1.6 million calving records from Swedish herds, and more than 1.1 million carcass records from commercial slaughter houses, were analyzed using linear models. Differences in least-square means between different breed combinations were estimated for percentage of calving difficulty, stillbirth, daily carcass gain, carcass weight, EUROP conformation and fat classification. The dams were purebred Swedish Red (SR) or Swedish Holstein (SH), and the sires were either of purebred dairy (SR or SH) or of the beef breeds Angus, Hereford, Limousin, Simmental or Charolais. The results showed that crossbreeding dairy cows with beef bulls, especially of late maturing breeds, has potential to considerably improve beef production from dairy herds. Improvement of carcass characteristics and carcass gain were most noticeable in young crossbred bulls, where the highest increase for single breed combinations was 67% for conformation and 17% for carcass gain. Offspring of different beef x dairy combinations displayed varying average carcass gain and characteristics in terms of fatness and conformation in heifers, steers and young bulls, and would fit different types of production systems. Whereas crossbreeding had small or favorable effects on stillbirth, the use of late maturing beef breed sires negatively influenced the calving performance, especially in primiparous dairy cows. By choosing individual beef bulls with high estimated breeding values for calving ease, the percentage of calving difficulty could be reduced, even when using late maturing beef breed sires for crossbreeding.
|
|
| 7. |
- Granbom, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
-
'Normality in all the abnormality' : Older adults' experiences of holidays and celebrations from the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1440-1630 .- 0045-0766.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: The importance of holidays, traditions, and family celebrations to human culture and occupational engagement has been neglected. The aim of this study was to explore how older adults experienced holidays and celebrations with social and physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic.METHODS: A secondary analysis was made on data from the At-Risk Study. Seventeen community-living adults (11 women and 6 men) aged 71-87 years, from Sweden participated. They were interviewed remotely four times during the first year of the pandemic. Data were analysed with qualitative content analysis. No consumer/community involvement occurred.FINDINGS: Three categories on how the participants hoped for, planned, decided, adapted, avoided, and experienced holidays and celebrations with social and physical distancing included expectations and preparations in unpredictable times; the constant need for re-evaluation; and almost everything turned out differently.CONCLUSIONS: The desire to celebrate despite pandemic restrictions shows the importance and meaning holidays hold for older adults. Celebrations can be disrupted for many reasons, not only as extreme as the ongoing pandemic. For wellbeing in later life health care, social care, and society need to understand the inherent components and acknowledge ways of supporting participation in occasional events such as holidays, traditions, and family celebrations.
|
|
| 8. |
- Hedlund, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
BlocklyVR : Exploring Block-based Programming in Virtual Reality
- 2023
-
Ingår i: MUM'23: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia. - : Association for Computing Machinery. - 9798400709210 ; , s. 251-263
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As programming is typically a static activity in front of a screen, we perform an initial exploration around the capabilities of block-based programming in the immersive space using Virtual Reality (VR) to make an early charting on how programming could involve moving the programmer's body. We created a block-based programming interface in a VR space called BlocklyVR based on the existing Blockly programming environment. To investigate programmer performance and experience in BlocklyVR, we conducted a controlled lab experiment (N = 20) with eight programming tasks that covered mathematical operations, if-statements, and function creation. Our initial exploration contributes by classifying movement types made by BlocklyVR programmers and reflecting on how these movements are related to the programming tasks. Additionally, our data suggests that participant performance in BlocklyVR was not affected compared to the 2D Blockly, even if participants were physically moving in VR space. We also found that the virtual reality sickness was marginal. Lastly, we identified four types of interaction that can potentially be employed by VR designers and developers aiming to convert a static task, like programming at a desk, into a "mobile"immersive experience. © 2023 Owner/Author.
|
|
| 9. |
- Högberg, Anders, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Uppdragsarkeologiska möjligheter : Nya sätt att tänka om en samtidsverksamhet i en framtidsbransch
- 2021
-
Ingår i: In Situ Archaeologica. - Göteborg : University of Gothenburg. - 2000-4044 .- 2002-7656. ; 15, s. 5-30
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this text we discuss how Swedish contract archaeology can develop its social engagement by creating new areas of relevance to society, beyond the general activities of disseminating results. We do so by giving concrete examples of how this can be done, using archaeological excavations as a starting point. The examples include engaging the local community in future planning for a social sustainable living environment, collaboration with the tourism sector, development of teaching materials for secondary schools, memory training for people with acquired brain damage, and school programs focusing on a socially sustainable and inclusive society. The purpose of the text is to inspire change, by showing development opportunities for future contract archaeology that will benefit both performers and recipients, and contribute to society’s multifaceted needs.
|
|
| 10. |
- Hörbeck, Elin, 1984, et al.
(författare)
-
Dissecting the impact of complement component 4A in bipolar disorder.
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Brain, behavior, and immunity. - 1090-2139. ; 116, s. 150-159
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genetic overlap between schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) is substantial. Polygenic risk scores have been shown to dissect different symptom dimensions within and across these two disorders. Here, we focused on the most strongly associated SZ risk locus located in the extended MHC region, which is largely explained by copy numbers of the gene coding for complement component 4A (C4A). First, we utilized existing brain tissue collections (N=1,202 samples) and observed no altered C4A expression in BD samples. The generated C4A seeded co-expression networks displayed no genetic enrichment for BD. To study if genetically predicted C4A expression discriminates between subphenotypes of BD, we applied C4A expression scores to symptom dimensions in a total of 4,739 BD cases with deep phenotypic data. We identified a significant association between C4A expression and psychotic mood episodes in BD type 1 (BDI). No significant association was observed between C4A expression and the occurrence of non-affective psychotic episodes in BDI, the psychosis dimensions in the total BD sample, or any other subphenotype of BD. Overall, these results points to a distinct role of C4A in BD that is restricted to vulnerability for developing psychotic symptoms during mood episodes in BDI.
|
|
| 11. |
- Jonsson, Elin, 1981-
(författare)
-
Konstruktioner av den sexuella familjen : styrning av föräldrablivande i rättslig reglering av assisterad befruktning och juridiskt föräldraskap
- 2023
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This doctoral thesis deals with the Swedish legal regulation of becoming a parent. It covers the regulation of legal parental status and of health care-provided assisted reproduction. The family law and medical law that in these regards can have an impact on individuals’ potential to become parents have both undergone many changes in the last few decades. The aim of the thesis is to make visible how becoming a parent is regulated on a formalized level, and how the regulation of parenthood has been constructed on a discursive level. The thesis’s critical approach thus includes understanding law as an arena for power exercised through legal provisions as well as knowledge production.In the first of the main chapters the current Swedish legislation on insemination, in-vitro fertilization, establishing legal parenthood, recognition of foreign decisions, and national and international adoption is described and analyzed. This is followed by chapters that deal with constructions of ideals, expectations, and other understandings of law and potential parents respectively. This serves the purpose, among others, of illuminating the interplay between diverse legal sources and areas of law. In preparatory works that record lawmakers’ reasoning on the regulation, assumptions that the thesis identifies involve the law’s consistency and at the same time inclusivity. These legal traits have proved to be contradictory, not least when uniform regulations shall apply to a plurality of family forms.In both the formalized- and discursive-level analyses, two parents that are a different-sex, cisgender couple with biological children conceived through sexual reproduction are observed to function as the natural or self-evident default. Drawing on the concept of the sexual family model, the thesis demonstrates ways in which the contours of that model are still operating within Swedish law. It concludes further that the coercive and discursive effects of the law can be said to altogether regulate reproduction towards family formation that mainly corresponds to the sexual family model.
|
|
| 12. |
- Jonsson, Elin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Ändrad könstillhörighet och rättsligt föräldraskap
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Juridisk Publikation. - Stockholm. - 2000-2920 .- 2002-3537. ; :2, s. 273-305
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hur hanterar föräldrabalken att män föder barn och att kvinnor kan ha spermier? År 2013 avskaffades krav på sterilisering i samband med ändring av juridisk könstillhörighet och år 2019 infördes ett nytt avsnitt i föräldrabalken om transpersoners och intersexpersoners föräldraskap. Ytterligare bestämmelser införs i januari 2022. Denna artikel syftar till att beskriva och kritiskt analysera den rättsliga regleringen för föräldraskap vid ändrad könstillhörighet. Artikeln beskriver hur regleringen växt fram och förklarar hur den tillämpas i olika situationer. Reglerna har blivit anmärkningsvärt komplicerade, framför allt för att lagstiftaren har behållit de traditionella reglerna för faderskap och moderskap oförändrade och i stället lagt till ett separat avsnitt med tilläggsbestämmelser. Detta medför ett flertal praktiska och stigmatiserande problem. En utredning har tillsatts för att överväga hur föräldrabalken kan göras mer könsneutral för att undvika sådana problem. Avslutningsvis diskuteras därför möjliga utformningar av en sådan lagstiftning.
|
|
| 13. |
- Jonsson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
-
Finite quotients of singular artin monoids and categorification of the desingularization map
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society. - : KOREAN MATHEMATICAL SOC. - 0304-9914 .- 2234-3008. ; 60:6, s. 1255-1302
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study various aspects of the structure and representation theory of singular Artin monoids. This includes a number of generalizations of the desingularization map and explicit presentations for certain finite quotient monoids of diagrammatic nature. The main result is a categorification of the classical desingularization map for singular Artin monoids associated to finite Weyl groups using BGG category O.
|
|
| 14. |
- Jonsson, Lina, 1982, et al.
(författare)
-
Association of Occupational Dysfunction and Hospital Admissions With Different Polygenic Profiles in Bipolar Disorder.
- 2024
-
Ingår i: The American journal of geriatric psychiatry. - 1064-7481. ; 181:7, s. 620-629
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many but not all persons with bipolar disorder require hospital care because of severe mood episodes. Likewise, some but not all patients experience long-term occupational dysfunction that extends beyond acute mood episodes. It is not known whether these dissimilar outcomes of bipolar disorder are driven by different polygenic profiles. Here, polygenic scores (PGSs) for major psychiatric disorders and educational attainment were assessed for associations with occupational functioning and psychiatric hospital admissions in bipolar disorder.A total of 4,782 patients with bipolar disorder and 2,963 control subjects were genotyped and linked to Swedish national registers. Longitudinal measures from at least 10 years of registry data were used to derive percentage of years without employment, percentage of years with long-term sick leave, and mean number of psychiatric hospital admissions per year. Ordinal regression was used to test associations between outcomes and PGSs for bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and educational attainment. Replication analyses of hospital admissions were conducted with data from the Bipolar Disorder Research Network cohort (N=4,219).Long-term sick leave and unemployment in bipolar disorder were significantly associated with PGSs for schizophrenia, ADHD, major depressive disorder, and educational attainment, but not with the PGS for bipolar disorder. By contrast, the number of hospital admissions per year was associated with higher PGSs for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, but not with the other PGSs.Bipolar disorder severity (indexed by hospital admissions) was associated with a different polygenic profile than long-term occupational dysfunction. These findings have clinical implications, suggesting that mitigating occupational dysfunction requires interventions other than those deployed to prevent mood episodes.
|
|
| 15. |
- Jonsson, Ove, et al.
(författare)
-
Pollinatörers exponering för växtskyddsmedel via pollen, nektar och luft i jordbrukslandskapet
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med projekt, AirBeeSafe, var att öka kunskapen om bin och andra pollinerande insekters exponering för olika växtskyddsmedel i odlingslandskapet. Projektet utfördes i ett samarbete mellan SLU Centrum för kemiska bekämpningsmedel i miljön (CKB) och Biologiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, samt lantbrukare och biodlare. Finansiering gavs av Naturvårdsverket och det strategiska forskningsområdet BECC, Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate.Under 2020 och 2021 studerades åtta lokaler i Skåne under upp till tolv veckor, fördelat på tre tidsperioder, maj till oktober. Provlokalerna valdes utifrån en gradient av jordbruksintensitet. Honungsbin (Apis mellifera) användes som modellorganism och i varje lokal placerades två bisamhällen. Prover av luft (154 st), pollen (114 st), bivävnad (65 st), och nektar (66 st) samlades in och analyserades kvantitativt för koncentrationen av upp till 108 växtskyddsmedel. För att uppskatta risker för bin och andra pollinatörer viktades de funna halterna av växtskyddsmedel med deras akuta toxicitet för honungsbin. Dessa riskindex för enskilda ämnen summerades sedan för alla substanser funna i ett prov. Insamlat pollen identifierades till växtart eller grupp.Uppmätta summahalter och riskindex för luft ökade med ökande andel åkermark i det omgivande landskapet, medan det för pollen inte fanns något sådant samband. Generellt var det ofta några få ämnen som gav ett stort utslag på riskindexet. Pollen var den matris där flest ämnen detekterades och där höga summahalter och högst riskindex förekom. Det ämne som utgjorde störst risk i pollen var insekticiden indoxakarb, följt av betydligt lägre värden för fungiciden penkonazol och insekticiderna acetamiprid och imidakloprid. Pollenidentifieringen visade att både grödor och vilda växter bidrar till risken. Iluft var herbiciden prosulfokarb och fungiciden penkonazol de mest riskfyllda ämnena. Indoxakarb var även det mest riskfyllda ämnet utifrån analysen av bivävnad, medan insekticiden tiakloprid var ett riskfyllt ämne som förekom i både bin och nektar. Indoxakarbs godkännande som växtskyddsmedel har dock gått ut (september 2022), liksom godkännandena för imidakloprid (2018) och tiakloprid (2021), så fynden av de ämnena bör minska på sikt och göra att riskbilden för bin och andra pollinatörer förändras.Riskindexen för pollen, bivävnad och nektar var statistiskt relaterade, medan riskindexet för luft var orelaterat till de tre andra matriserna. Luftprover verkar alltså kunna ge en något annan bild av riskerna för bin och andra pollinatörer än prover av de andra matriserna.I framtida övervakning av risker från växtskyddsmedel för bin och andra pollinatörer föreslås, av praktiska och etiska skäl samt med tanke på ekologisk relevans, att detta i första hand sker genom bestämning av halter i pollen insamlat av honungsbin och beräkning av riskindex baserade på akut toxicitet för honungsbin. Då riskindex baserade på lufthalter inte relaterade till riskindex baserade på pollenhalter kan man också tänka sig kompletterande mätningar av luft.Se rapporttexten för en mer detaljerad sammanfattning.
|
|
| 16. |
- Jonsson, Ove, et al.
(författare)
-
Utveckling av analysmetod för mycket polära bekämpningsmedel i vatten
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vissa bekämpningsmedel och transformationsprodukter till bekämpningsmedel är för polära för att kunna hanteras med de ackrediterade analysmetoder som idag används inom den svenska miljöövervakningen. Syftet med detta projekt var att ta fram en ny analysmetod för denna typ av ämnen. Av de fem studerade ämnena var tre stycken tillväxtreglerare, klormekvatklorid, mepikvatklorid och daminozid, som används i växthusodling av prydnadsväxter och som stråförkortningsmedel i korn, vete, råg, rågvete, havre och raps. Övriga ämnen var herbiciden aminopyralid, samt cis-2,6-dimetylmorfolin som är en transformationsprodukt till fungiciden fenpropimorf.En ny extraktionsmetod, baserad på två olika jonbytarmaterial, har tagits fram och kombinerats med en ny vätskekromatografisk metod kopplad till masspektrometrisk detektion (LC-MS/MS). Metoden, benämnd OMK 64, utvärderades genom tillsatser till sparade ytvattenprover från miljöövervakningen och uppvisar acceptabel prestanda, främst för klormekvatklorid, cis-2,6-dimetylmorfolin, mepikvatklorid samt aminopyralid. Daminozid har både sämre extraktionseffektivitet och kromatografisk kvalité än övriga ämnen och det är tveksamt om detta ämne kommer kunna inkluderas i en validerad metod.Framtida mål är dels att, inom ramen för den fortsatta valideringen av OMK 64, genomföra en mindre screening på relevanta miljöövervakningsvatten provtagna under appliceringssäsongen, samt att försöka anpassa den nya metoden till att kunna inkluderas i analyspaketet för den tidsintegrerade TIMFIE- provtagaren som tidigare utvecklats av SLU Centrum för kemiska bekämpningsmedel i miljön, CKB.Tanken är också att andra ämnen som i framtiden prövas in i övriga analysmetoder, men som inte fungerar på grund av att det är för polära, även ska utvärderas i denna nya metod.
|
|
| 17. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
-
De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
|
|
| 18. |
- Smedler, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Association of premorbid intelligence with level of functioning and illness severity in bipolar disorder.
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of affective disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 1573-2517 .- 0165-0327. ; 324, s. 449-454
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bipolar disorder is a severe psychiatric syndrome defined by periodic mood shifts. Patients with bipolar disorder show cognitive impairments relative to healthy controls. The risk of developing schizophrenia, and partially also bipolar disorder, has previously been shown to increase with lower premorbid intelligence. It is not known if premorbid intelligence is associated with level of functioning and illness severity of people having developed bipolar disorder.We used multiple linear and ordinal regression to analyze how premorbid intelligence, as measured at conscription, associate with functional outcome and illness severity in Swedish male bipolar disorder patients (n=788).We found that lower premorbid intelligence is associated with lower percentage of time in work, after adjusting for age and bipolar subtype, and correcting for multiple comparisons. We also found a strong negative association with the total number of inpatient episodes and psychiatric comorbidity, but not with interepisodic remission, treatment with psychotherapy or lithium or the presence of any complicating socioeconomical factors. Adjusting for confounding genetic factors using polygenic risk scores for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia had no effect on the associations.This study lacks females and controls and may thus have lower generalizability.In conclusion, premorbid intelligence is associated with both level of functioning and illness severity as well as comorbidity in bipolar disorder patients. Further research is needed to develop targeted interventions for this subgroup of bipolar disorder patients.
|
|
| 19. |
- Teutschbein, Claudia, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Future drought propagation through the water-energy-food-ecosystem nexus : A Nordic perspective
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Hydrology. - : Elsevier. - 0022-1694 .- 1879-2707. ; 617
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Droughts can affect a multitude of public and private sectors, with impacts developing slowly over time. While droughts are traditionally quantified in relation to the hydrological components of the water cycle that they affect, this manuscript demonstrates a novel approach to assess future drought conditions through the lens of the water-energy-food-ecosystem (WEFE) nexus concept. To this end, a set of standardized drought indices specifically designed to represent different nexus sectors across 50 catchments in Sweden was computed based on an ensemble of past and future climate model simulations. Different patterns in the response of the four nexus sectors water, energy, food and ecosystem services to future climate change emerged, with different response times and drought durations across the sectors. These results offer new insights into the propagation of drought through the WEFE nexus in cold climates. They further suggest that future drought projections can be better geared towards decision makers by basing them on standardized drought indices that were specifically tailored to represent particular nexus sectors.
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
- Toijer, Elin, et al.
(författare)
-
Anion effects on the catalytic decomposition of H2O2 on ZrO2(s) in aqueous systems
- 2020
-
Ingår i: CHEMISTRYSELECT. - : Wiley. - 2365-6549. ; 5:43, s. 13754-13760
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Various oxide surfaces have been shown to catalyze H2O2 decomposition, resulting in the intermediate formation of hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals. In this work, the impact of bromide, chloride, and perchlorate separately and in combination with bicarbonate on the reaction between H2O2 and ZrO2 was investigated. The reaction was studied by monitoring the concentration of H2O2 as a function of time, and by probing the hydroxyl radical production using tris as a scavenger and monitoring the product formaldehyde. The most significant impact was seen in the presence of Br- and Br-/HCO3-. Br- significantly increases the H2O2 decomposition rate and the yield of formaldehyde, whereas the combination of Br-/HCO3- was shown to decrease the H2O2 decomposition rate as well as the yield of formaldehyde. The increased formaldehyde yield is explained by its formation in reaction with Br-2(center dot-). This contrasts the previous assumption that formaldehyde is only formed upon hydrogen abstraction from tris.
|
|
| 22. |
- Venermo, Maarit, et al.
(författare)
-
Sex Related Differences in Indication and Procedural Outcomes of Carotid interventions in VASCUNET
- 2023
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 66:1, s. 7-14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective:It has been suggested that peri-operative complications after carotid surgery may be higher in women than in men. This assumption may affect the treatment patterns, and it is thus possible that carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is provided to women less often. The aim of the current VASCUNET study was to determine sex related differences in operative risk in routine clinical practice among non-selected patients undergoing carotid revascularisation.Methods:Data on CEA and carotid artery stenting (CAS) from 14 vascular registries were collected and amalgamated. Comprehensive data were available for 223 626 carotid artery procedures; these were analysed overall and by country. The primary outcome was any stroke and or death within 30 days of carotid revascularisation. Secondary outcomes were stroke, death, or any major cardiac event or haemorrhage leading to re-operation.Results:Of the procedures, 34.8% were done in women. The proportion of CEA for asymptomatic stenosis compared with symptomatic stenosis was significantly higher among women than men (38.4% vs. 36.9%, p < .001).The proportion of octogenarians was higher among women than men who underwent CEA in both asymptomatic (21.2% vs. 19.9%) and symptomatic patients (24.3% vs. 21.4%). In the unadjusted analysis of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, there were no significant differences between men and women in the rate of post-operative combined stroke and or death, any major cardiac event, or combined death, stroke, and any major cardiac event after CEA. Also, after stenting for asymptomatic or symptomatic carotid stenosis, there were no significant differences between men and women in the rate of post-operative complications. In adjusted analyses, sex was not significantly associated with any of the end points. Higher age and CAS vs. CEA were independently associated with all four end points.Conclusion:This study confirmed that, in a large registry among non-selected patients, no significant sex related differences were found in peri-operative complication rates after interventions for carotid stenosis.
|
|
| 23. |
- Wadell, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Challenges imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic on the Obstetrics and Gynecology residency program: a mixed-methods Swedish survey in the COPE Staff cohort study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Bmc Medical Education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6920. ; 22:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background To outline how the training program and work situation of residents in Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB-GYN) was affected by the pandemic and to illuminate how residents experienced these changes. Methods As part of the COVID-19 in Pregnancy and Early Childhood Staff (COPE Staff) cohort study, between January and May 2021, all participating residents were invited to answer a 28-question online Resident Survey focusing on their specialist education, work situation and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistics were given in percentages for categorical variables and means and standard deviations (SD) for continuous variables. Univariate comparative analyses were performed with the use of the Pearson's Chi-2-test for dichotomous data. The association between residents' worry about the quality and length of their specialist training, with extra clinical hours and transfer to other healthcare institutions were assessed by multivariate logistic regression. Free text responses were analyzed by content analysis. Results Of the 162 participating OB-GYN residents, 69% expressed concern that the pandemic would have a negative impact on their training. Ninety-five (95%) reported cancellation/postponement of educational activities, 70% performed fewer surgeries and 27% had been transferred to other healthcare institutions where about half reported having gained more general knowledge as a physician. Working extra clinical hours was reported by 69% (7.4 +/- 5.3 hours per week) and 14% had considered changing their profession due to the pandemic. Senior residents, compared to junior residents, more often experienced cancelled/postponed clinical rotations (30% vs 15%, P=0.02) and reported performing fewer surgeries (P=0.02). The qualitative analysis highlighted the lack of surgical procedural training as a major concern for residents. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has strongly impacted the training program and work situation of OB-GYN residents in Sweden. Residents were concerned over the negative impact of the pandemic on their training program and senior residents reported more missed educational opportunities as compared to junior residents. Program directors, head of institutions and clinical supervisors can use the problem areas pinpointed by this study to support residents and compensate for missed educational opportunities. While hands-on-training and operating time cannot be compensated for, the authors hope that the findings of the study can help develop new strategies to minimize the negative impact of the current and future pandemics on resident education and work situation.
|
|
| 24. |
- Wallstén, Elin, et al.
(författare)
-
Improved PET/MRI attenuation correction in the pelvic region using a statistical decomposition method on T2-weighted images
- 2020
-
Ingår i: EJNMMI Physics. - : Springer. - 2197-7364. ; 7:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Attenuation correction of PET/MRI is a remaining problem for whole-body PET/MRI. The statistical decomposition algorithm (SDA) is a probabilistic atlas-based method that calculates synthetic CTs from T2-weighted MRI scans. In this study, we evaluated the application of SDA for attenuation correction of PET images in the pelvic region.Materials and method: Twelve patients were retrospectively selected from an ongoing prostate cancer research study. The patients had same-day scans of [11C]acetate PET/MRI and CT. The CT images were non-rigidly registered to the PET/MRI geometry, and PET images were reconstructed with attenuation correction employing CT, SDA-generated CT, and the built-in Dixon sequence-based method of the scanner. The PET images reconstructed using CT-based attenuation correction were used as ground truth.Results: The mean whole-image PET uptake error was reduced from - 5.4% for Dixon-PET to - 0.9% for SDA-PET. The prostate standardized uptake value (SUV) quantification error was significantly reduced from - 5.6% for Dixon-PET to - 2.3% for SDA-PET.Conclusion: Attenuation correction with SDA improves quantification of PET/MR images in the pelvic region compared to the Dixon-based method.
|
|
| 25. |
- Zarei, Maryam, et al.
(författare)
-
Accuracy of gross tumour volume delineation with [68Ga]-PSMA-PET compared to histopathology for high-risk prostate cancer
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : MJS Publishing, Medical Journals Sweden. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 63, s. 503-510
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The delineation of intraprostatic lesions is vital for correct delivery of focal radiotherapy boost in patients with prostate cancer (PC). Errors in the delineation could translate into reduced tumour control and potentially increase the side effects. The purpose of this study is to compare PET-based delineation methods with histopathology.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 15 patients with confirmed high-risk PC intended for prostatectomy. [68Ga]-PSMA-PET/MR was performed prior to surgery. Prostate lesions identified in histopathology were transferred to the in vivo [68Ga]-PSMA-PET/MR coordinate system. Four radiation oncologists manually delineated intraprostatic lesions based on PET data. Various semi-automatic segmentation methods were employed, including absolute and relative thresholds, adaptive threshold, and multi-level Otsu threshold.RESULTS: The gross tumour volumes (GTVs) delineated by the oncologists showed a moderate level of interobserver agreement with Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.68. In comparison with histopathology, manual delineations exhibited the highest median DSC and the lowest false discovery rate (FDR) among all approaches. Among semi-automatic approaches, GTVs generated using standardized uptake value (SUV) thresholds above 4 (SUV > 4) demonstrated the highest median DSC (0.41), with 0.51 median lesion coverage ratio, FDR of 0.66 and the 95th percentile of the Hausdorff distance (HD95%) of 8.22 mm.INTERPRETATION: Manual delineations showed a moderate level of interobserver agreement. Compared to histopathology, manual delineations and SUV > 4 exhibited the highest DSC and the lowest HD95% values. The methods that resulted in a high lesion coverage were associated with a large overestimation of the size of the lesions.
|
|
| 26. |
- Åkerström, Magnus, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
The COPE Staff study : Study description and initial report regarding job satisfaction, work-life conflicts, stress, and burnout among Swedish maternal and neonatal healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2023
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7292 .- 1879-3479. ; 162:3, s. 989-997
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveTo describe the study design of the COPE Staff cohort study on working conditions for maternal and neonatal healthcare workers (MNHCWs), and present baseline data regarding job satisfaction, work-life conflicts, stress, and burnout. MethodsBetween January and April 2021, 957 MNHCWs (administrative and medical staff) completed a baseline survey. Average levels of job satisfaction, work-life conflicts, stress, and burnout, and associations to perceived workload were assessed. ResultsThe average levels of job satisfaction, work-life conflicts, stress, and burnout were 68.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 64.3-72.8), 42.6 (95% CI 37.3-48.0), 42.0 (95% CI 37.7-46.3), and 1.9 (95% CI 1.6-2.2), respectively. The respondents scoring above critical values indicating clinical burnout ranged between 3% and 18%, respectively, for the four burnout sub-dimensions. Women reported significantly higher levels of stress and burnout. Younger participants had lower job satisfaction and higher levels of work-life conflicts, stress, and burnout. Higher perceived workload was significantly associated with lower job satisfaction levels and higher levels of work-life conflicts, stress, and burnout. ConclusionsOur results indicate associations between MNHCWs perceived workload and job satisfaction, work-life conflicts, stress, and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eighteen percent scored above critical values for exhaustion.
|
|
