| 1. |
- Alaie, Iman, et al.
(författare)
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Uppsala Longitudinal Adolescent Depression Study (ULADS)
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 9:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To present the Uppsala Longitudinal Adolescent Depression Study, initiated in Uppsala, Sweden, in the early 1990s. The initial aim of this epidemiological investigation was to study the prevalence, characteristics and correlates of adolescent depression, and has subsequently expanded to include a broad range of social, economic and health-related long-term outcomes and cost-of-illness analyses.Participants: The source population was first-year students (aged 16-17) in upper-secondary schools in Uppsala during 1991-1992, of which 2300 (93%) were screened for depression. Adolescents with positive screening and sex/age-matched peers were invited to a comprehensive assessment. A total of 631 adolescents (78% females) completed this assessment, and 409 subsequently completed a 15year follow-up assessment. At both occasions, extensive information was collected on mental disorders, personality and psychosocial situation. Detailed social, economic and health-related data from 1993 onwards have recently been obtained from the Swedish national registries for 576 of the original participants and an age-matched reference population (N=200 000).Findings to date: The adolescent lifetime prevalence of a major depressive episode was estimated to be 11.4%. Recurrence in young adulthood was reported by the majority, with a particularly poor prognosis for those with a persistent depressive disorder or multiple somatic symptoms. Adolescent depression was also associated with an increased risk of other adversities in adulthood, including additional mental health conditions, low educational attainment and problems related to intimate relationships.Future plans: Longitudinal studies of adolescent depression are rare and must be responsibly managed and utilised. We therefore intend to follow the cohort continuously by means of registries. Currently, the participants are approaching mid-adulthood. At this stage, we are focusing on the overall long-term burden of adolescent depression. For this purpose, the research group has incorporated expertise in health economics. We would also welcome extended collaboration with researchers managing similar datasets.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bojan, Alicja J., 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Trochanteric fracture-implant motion during healing - A radiostereometry (RSA) study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Injury-International Journal of the Care of the Injured. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-1383. ; 49:3, s. 673-679
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cut-out complication remains a major unsolved problem in the treatment of trochanteric hip fractures. A better understanding of the three-dimensional fracture-implant motions is needed to enable further development of clinical strategies and countermeasures. The aim of this clinical study was to characterise and quantify three-dimensional motions between the implant and the bone and between the lag screw and nail of the Gamma nail. Radiostereometry Analysis (RSA) analysis was applied in 20 patients with trochanteric hip fractures treated with an intramedullary nail. The following three-dimensional motions were measured postoperatively, at 1 week, 3, 6 and 12 months: translations of the tip of the lag screw in the femoral head, motions of the lag screw in the nail, femoral head motions relative to the nail and nail movements in the femoral shaft. Cranial migration of the tip of the lag screw dominated over the other two translation components in the femoral head. In all fractures the lag screw slid laterally in the nail and the femoral head moved both laterally and inferiorly towards the nail. All femoral heads translated posteriorly relative to the nail, and rotations occurred in both directions with median values close to zero. The nail tended to retrovert in the femoral shaft. Adverse fracture-implant motions were detected in stable trochanteric hip fractures treated with intramedullary nails with high resolution. Therefore, RSA method can be used to evaluate new implant designs and clinical strategies, which aim to reduce cut-out complications. Future RSA studies should aim at more unstable fractures as these are more likely to fail with cut-out. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Dahlstrom, M., et al.
(författare)
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Affinity states of biocides determine bioavailability and release rates in marine paints
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biofouling. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0892-7014 .- 1029-2454. ; 31:2, s. 201-210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A challenge for the next generation marine antifouling (AF) paints is to deliver minimum amounts of biocides to the environment. The candidate AF compound medetomidine is here shown to be released at very low concentrations, ie ng ml(-1) day(-1). Moreover, the release rate of medetomidine differs substantially depending on the formulation of the paint, while inhibition of barnacle settlement is independent of release to the ambient water, ie the paint with the lowest release rate was the most effective in impeding barnacle colonisation. This highlights the critical role of chemical interactions between biocide, paint carrier and the solid/aqueous interface for release rate and AF performance. The results are discussed in the light of differential affinity states of the biocide, predicting AF activity in terms of a high surface affinity and preserved bioavailability. This may offer a general framework for the design of low-release paint systems using biocides for protection against biofouling on marine surfaces.
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Occupation of Elderhood
- 2015. - 4
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Ingår i: Occupational therapy. - Thorofare, NJ, USA : SLACK Incorporated. - 9781617110504 ; , s. 169-183
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Forslund, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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More with atrial fibrillation, anticoagulants since the coming of NOAK [Fler med förmaksflimmer får antikoagulantia sedan NOAK kom]
- 2015
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - : Läkartidningen AB. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 112
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Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sedan introduktionen av NOAK (non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants) som trombosprofylax vid förmaksflimmer har det skett en markant ökning av antalet diagnostiserade patienter med förmaksflimmer i Stockholms läns landsting. Andelen som är behandlade med antikoagulantia har samtidigt ökat från 47 till 58 procent. Vid nyinsättning är NOAK lika vanliga som warfarin i nuläget. Förskrivningen av ASA sjunker kraftigt. NOAK-förskrivningen har varit avvaktande avseende de äldsta patienterna med hög risk för stroke, blödning och nedsatt njurfunktion.
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| 8. |
- Gaulton, Kyle J, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic fine mapping and genomic annotation defines causal mechanisms at type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 47:12, s. 1415-1415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We performed fine mapping of 39 established type 2 diabetes (T2D) loci in 27,206 cases and 57,574 controls of European ancestry. We identified 49 distinct association signals at these loci, including five mapping in or near KCNQ1. 'Credible sets' of the variants most likely to drive each distinct signal mapped predominantly to noncoding sequence, implying that association with T2D is mediated through gene regulation. Credible set variants were enriched for overlap with FOXA2 chromatin immunoprecipitation binding sites in human islet and liver cells, including at MTNR1B, where fine mapping implicated rs10830963 as driving T2D association. We confirmed that the T2D risk allele for this SNP increases FOXA2-bound enhancer activity in islet- and liver-derived cells. We observed allele-specific differences in NEUROD1 binding in islet-derived cells, consistent with evidence that the T2D risk allele increases islet MTNR1B expression. Our study demonstrates how integration of genetic and genomic information can define molecular mechanisms through which variants underlying association signals exert their effects on disease.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Gustafsson, Hans-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Hållbart pedagogiskt ledarskap och kollegialt lärande som forum för kvalitets- och utvecklingsarbete i förskolan.
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektet har bedrivits i två forskningscirklar och där arbetet bedrivs i enlighet med vad Skolverket och aktuell skolforskning lyfter fram om kvalitets- och utvecklingsarbete. Utgångspunkten utgörs av Skolverkets modell för kvalitetsarbete med grund i frågeställningarna Var är vi? Vart ska vi? Hur kommer vi dit? (Skolverket, 2015). Med stöd av frågorna har såväl utvecklingsområden som goda exempel på vad som fungerar väl och vad det är som gör att de fungerar väl identifierats. Gemensamt för de båda forskningscirklarna är även en strävan att arbeta i enlighet med vad skollagen anger om att ”Utbildningen ska vila på vetenskaplig grund och beprövad erfarenhet” (SFS 2010:800, § 5). I arbetet i forskningscirklarna kommer detta till uttryck genom att deltagarna i samarbete med den deltagande forskaren med ett vetenskapligt förhållningssätt belyser erfarenheter, tankar och idéer om kvalitet och kvalitetsutveckling med användning av styrdokument, material från Skolinspektionen samt forskningsinriktad litteratur.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Hammarlund, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Intäkter för svenska kräftfiskare på västkusten
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Havskräfta är en viktig art för svenskt fiske. Kräftan fångas antingen med bur eller med trål i Kattegatt och Skagerrak. På uppdrag av Havs- och vattenmyndigheten analyseras yrkesfiskets intäkter och fartygens landningsmönster för att ge underlag till en bedömning av effekterna av att minska utrymmet för trålfiske och öka utrymmet för burfiske.Analysen visar att trålfisket generellt sett är mindre beroende av havskräfta än burfisket, men att det finns ett antal fiskare, framför allt de med mindre trålfartyg, som får stora delar av sina intäkter från de aktuella områdena. Förändrade områden för fisket påverkar inte bara fördelningen mellan trål- och burfiske, utan kan också förändra var landningarna av havskräfta sker. Vissa landningshamnar har idag stora landningar av trålfiskad kräfta men endast marginella landningar av burfångad.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Heuvelmans, Matthijs, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Power Semiconductors for Voltage Source Converters in HVDC and STATCOM Applications
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- With a steady increase in electricity consumption in both developed and developing regions combined with demand for sustainable energy infrastructure, trends towards more renewable energy sources and more open electricity markets are becoming more prominent. High Voltage DC (HVDC) connections and Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOM) are two technologies that play a part in fulfilling this increasing demand. HVDC is beneficial in cases where production and consumption are geographically separated or for sub-sea cable transmissions. STATCOM helps to increase the capacity of AC transmission in addition to enhancing ac-grid voltage quality. A key component in both HVDC and STATCOM converters are the semiconductor switching devices. Switching devices have a fundamental impact on performance levels that can be obtained in terms of efficiency, reliability and functionality. This paper serves two purposes. The first is to give a historical overview of switching devices employed in HVDC transmission systems and STATCOMs. This starts with the use of mercury arc valves some 100 years ago and it continues with the semiconductor switching devices that are currently being employed in HVDC and STATCOM applications. A second purpose of this paper is to indicate developments in switching technology that are of interest for HVDC and STATCOM. In order to do this in a structured manner, the technologies are compared in terms of efficiency, reliability and functionality. Developments that are discussed in this paper are the emergence of Silicon Carbide (SiC) devices and the improvement of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) and Integrated Gate Commutated Thyristor (IGCT) devices in silicon. Currently, applications are based on silicon based thyristors or IGBT technology. Line commutated converters based on thyristors are cost-effective and efficient; however, due to lack of controlled turn-off capability, functionality is limited. Using voltage source converter technology with semiconductors having turn-off capability, such as the IGBT, increased functionality is obtained. The IGCT, a gate controlled thyristor with turn-off capability, has lower conduction losses compared to an IGBT with the same active area. In case a modular multilevel converter is used, the switching frequency of the individual switches can be reduced for the same performance. This leads to a shift towards the importance of having low conduction losses as opposed to low switching losses. A further shift can be achieved by using soft-switching techniques. Regarding SiC devices, different maturity is reached for unipolar and bipolar devices. Unipolar devices in SiC have been marketed successfully at low voltages (≤ 1700V). An example is SiC Schottky diodes for power factor correctors. For the voltages typically applied in HVDC and STATCOM, the drift region resistance would impose serious limitations on efficiency (if high current densities are used). Bipolar devices such as SiC IGBTs and IGCTs have been demonstrated in laboratory setups and results have been published; however, reliable operation is currently impeded due to the propagation of crystal lattice defects which causes rapid degradation of such devices.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Ifversen, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Low burden of minimal residual disease prior to transplantation in children with very high risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia : The NOPHO ALL2008 experience
- 2019
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Ingår i: British Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0007-1048 .- 1365-2141. ; 184:6, s. 982-993
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The population-based Nordic/Baltic acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) Nordic Society for Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (NOPHO) ALL2008 protocol combined minimal residual disease (MRD)-driven treatment stratification with very intense first line chemotherapy for patients with high risk ALL. Patients with MRD >= 5% at end of induction or >= 10(-3) at end of consolidation or following two high risk blocks were eligible for haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in first remission. After at least three high risk blocks a total of 71 children received HCT, of which 46 had MRD >= 5% at end of induction. Ten patients stratified to HCT were not transplanted; 12 received HCT without protocol indication. Among 69 patients with evaluable pre-HCT MRD results, 22 were MRD-positive, one with MRD >= 10(-3). After a median follow-up of 5 center dot 5 years, the cumulative incidence of relapse was 23 center dot 5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10 center dot 5-47 center dot 7) for MRD-positive versus 5 center dot 1% (95% CI: 1 center dot 3-19 center dot 2), P = 0 center dot 02) for MRD-negative patients. MRD was the only variable significantly associated with relapse (hazard ratio 9 center dot 1, 95% CI: 1 center dot 6-51 center dot 0, P = 0 center dot 012). Non-relapse mortality did not differ between the two groups, resulting in disease-free survival of 85 center dot 6% (95% CI: 75 center dot 4-97 center dot 2) and 67 center dot 4% (95% CI: 50 center dot 2-90 center dot 5), respectively. In conclusion, NOPHO block treatment efficiently reduced residual leukaemia which, combined with modern transplant procedures, provided high survival rates, also among pre-HCT MRD-positive patients.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Joffrin, E., et al.
(författare)
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Overview of the JET preparation for deuterium-tritium operation with the ITER like-wall
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 59:11
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the past several years, the JET scientific programme (Pamela et al 2007 Fusion Eng. Des. 82 590) has been engaged in a multi-campaign effort, including experiments in D, H and T, leading up to 2020 and the first experiments with 50%/50% D-T mixtures since 1997 and the first ever D-T plasmas with the ITER mix of plasma-facing component materials. For this purpose, a concerted physics and technology programme was launched with a view to prepare the D-T campaign (DTE2). This paper addresses the key elements developed by the JET programme directly contributing to the D-T preparation. This intense preparation includes the review of the physics basis for the D-T operational scenarios, including the fusion power predictions through first principle and integrated modelling, and the impact of isotopes in the operation and physics of D-T plasmas (thermal and particle transport, high confinement mode (H-mode) access, Be and W erosion, fuel recovery, etc). This effort also requires improving several aspects of plasma operation for DTE2, such as real time control schemes, heat load control, disruption avoidance and a mitigation system (including the installation of a new shattered pellet injector), novel ion cyclotron resonance heating schemes (such as the three-ions scheme), new diagnostics (neutron camera and spectrometer, active Alfven eigenmode antennas, neutral gauges, radiation hard imaging systems...) and the calibration of the JET neutron diagnostics at 14 MeV for accurate fusion power measurement. The active preparation of JET for the 2020 D-T campaign provides an incomparable source of information and a basis for the future D-T operation of ITER, and it is also foreseen that a large number of key physics issues will be addressed in support of burning plasmas.
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| 19. |
- Jonsson, David, et al.
(författare)
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Association between Pain in Adolescence and Low Back Pain in Adulthood : Studying a Cohort of Mine Workers
- 2017
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Ingår i: Pain Research and Treatment. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2090-1542 .- 2090-1550. ; 2017
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To study the association of self-reported pain in adolescence with low back pain (LBP) in adulthood among mine workers and, also, study associations between the presence of LBP over 12-month or one-month LBP intensity during a health examination and daily ratings of LBP three and nine months later. Methods: Mixed design with data collected retrospectively, cross-sectionally, and prospectively. Data was collected using a questionnaire during a health examination and by using self-reported daily ratings of LBP three and nine months after the examination. Results: Pain prevalence during teenage years was 55% and it was 59% at age 20. Pain during teenage years had a relative risk of 1.33 (95% confidence interval 1.03-1.73) of LBP 12 months prior to the health examination, but with no associations with LBP intensity or LBP assessed by text messaging. Pain at age 20 years was not associated with any measure of LBP in adulthood. Daily ratings of LBP were associated with LBP during the health examination three and nine months earlier. Conclusions: There were no clear associations between self-reported pain in adolescence and LBP in adulthood. Self-reported daily ratings of LBP were associated with LBP from the health examination. Possible limitations for this study were the retrospective design and few participants.
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| 20. |
- Jonsson, Hans
(författare)
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Skeendets semantik
- 2016
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Ingår i: Språk och stil. - Uppsala : Adolf Noreen-sällskapet för svensk språk- och stilforskning. - 1101-1165 .- 2002-4010. ; 26, s. 240-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 21. |
- Jonsson, Jerker, et al.
(författare)
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A borderline range for Quantiferon Gold In-Tube results
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 12:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Interferon gamma release assays like Quantiferon Gold In-Tube (QFT) are used to identify individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A dichotomous cut-off (0.35 IU/ml) defines a positive QFT without considering test variability. Our objective was to evaluate the introduction of a borderline range under routine conditions. Methods Results of routine QFT samples from Sweden (2009-2014) were collected. A borderline range (0.20-0.99 IU/ml) was introduced in 2010 recommending a follow-up sample. The association between borderline results and incident active TB within 3 to 24 months was investigated through linkage with the national TB-register. Results Using the recommended QFT cut-off, 75.1 % tests were negative, 21.4% positive and 3.5% indeterminate. In total, 9% (3656/40773) were within the borderline range. In follow-up samples, individuals with initial results between 0.20-0.34 IU/ml and 0.35-0.99 IU/ml displayed negative results below the borderline range (amp;lt;0.20 IU/ml) in 66.1% (230/348) and 42.5% (285/671) respectively, and none developed incident TB. Among 6712 individuals with a positive initial test amp;gt;0.99 IU/ml, 65 (0.97%) developed incident TB within 3-24 months. Conclusions We recommend retesting of subjects with QFT results in the range 0.20-0.99 IU/ml to enhance reliability and validity of the test. Half of the subjects in the borderline range will be negative at a levelamp;lt;0.20 IU/ml when retested and have a very low risk of developing incident active TB.
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| 22. |
- Jonsson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Biomechanical differences in double poling (DP) for world- and national-class female elite cross-country (XC) skiers during a 10-km classical race
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings ICSS in St. Christoph am Arlberg, Austria.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction The DP technique of classical XC-skiing involves both the upper and lower body (Holmberg et al.,2005) and has become more important the last years with skiers using exclusively DP during some competitions. Our purpose was to characterize biomechanical differences in DP by world- (WC) and national-class (NC) women skiers. Methods The participants were 40 elite female XC skiers (20 WC and 20 NC) who competed in the 10-km classical race at the Norwegian National Championships, 2016. On a flat measurement section (22 m long) 0.8 km from the start, the skiers employed DP only and were video-filmed (Panasonic GH4, 96 Hz). Three DP cycles were analyzed using the Kinovea software (France, v 8.25) for joint and pole angles at pole plant (PP) and pole off (PO), as well as cycle length (CL) and rate (CR), and poling (PT) and swing times (ST). Results The total racing time for the WC-group was 10.5% faster than for the NC-skiers, with no differences in CL, CR, PT or ST. The WC-group skied faster on the flat section (6.30±0.23 vs 6.04±0.25 m/s) and exhibited a smaller ankle-shoulder angle relative to horizontal at PP (73.0±1.8 vs 75.0±1.5°) and a smaller hip angle at PO (62.7±5.2 vs 69.1±6.4°) with no difference in minimal trunk angle with respect to horizontal (19.2±3.2 vs 21.7±4.8°). 27 of the skiers (15 WC and 12 NC) used active heel raise to create force. There was a difference between the groups for when the heel raise ended, with the NC-group stopping just before PP and the WC-group after. No difference between the groups were found for when the heel raise started . There was a negative correlation between DP velocity and total racing time (r = -0.48, p<0.05) and a positive correlation between total racing time and the ankle-shoulder angle relative to horizontal at PP (r = 0.54, p<0.01), the hip angle at PO (r = 0.51, p<0.01) and minimal trunk angle relative to horizontal during the cycles (r = 0.41, p<0.01). Discussion The WC-group had 4.1% higher DP velocity which correlated with total racing time. Moreover, the finding that faster skiers have a more forward lean of the body at PP and a better timing of the ending of the heel raise, indicates that they can bring more bodyweight on their poles at PP. The WC-group had a smaller hip angle at PO which is in line with the findings of Lindinger et al.(2009). This study shows the importance of a high relative velocity during DP sections of the track and highlights the benefit of a more forward body position at PP to create higher DP velocity in female XC skiers. References Holmberg, H.C., Lindinger, S., Stöggl, T., Eitzlmair, E. & Müller, E. (2005). Biomechanical analysis of double poling in elite cross-country skiers. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 37(5), 807-818 Lindinger, S., Stöggl, T., Müller, E. & Holmberg, H.C. (2009). Control of speed during the double poling technique performed by elite cross-country skiers. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 41(1), 210-220
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| 23. |
- Jonsson, Patrik, 1968-
(författare)
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Surface Status Classification, Utilizing Image Sensor Technology and Computer Models
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a great need to develop systems that can continuously provide correct information about road surface status depending on the prevailing weather conditions. This will minimize accidents and optimize transportation. In this thesis different methods for the determination of the road surface status have been studied and analyzed, and suggestions of new technology are proposed. Information about the road surface status is obtained traditionally from various sensors mounted directly in the road surface. This information must then be analyzed to create automated warning systems for road users and road maintenance personnel. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how existing technologies can be used to obtain a more accurate description of the current road conditions. Another purpose is also to investigate how existing technologies can be used to obtain a more accurate description of the current road conditions. Furthermore, the aim is to develop non-contact technologies able to determine and classify road conditions over a larger area, since there is no system available today that can identify differences in road surface status in the wheel tracks and between the wheel tracks.Literature studies have been carried out to find the latest state of the art research and technology, and the research work is mainly based on empirical studies. A large part of the research has involved planning and setting up laboratory experiments to test and verify hypotheses that have emerged from the literature studies. Initially a few traditional road-mounted sensors were analyzed regarding their ability to determine the road conditions and the impact on their measured values when the sensors were exposed to contamination agents such as glycol and oil. Furthermore, non-contact methods for determining the status of the road surface have been studied. Images from cameras working in the visible range, together data from the Swedish Transportation Administration road weather stations, have been used to develop computerized road status classification models that can distinguish between a dry, wet, icy and snowy surface. Field observations have also been performed to get the ground truth for developing these models. In order to improve the ability to accurately distinguish between different surface statuses, measurement systems involving sensors working in the Near-Infrared (NIR) range have been utilized. In this thesis a new imaging method for determining road conditions with NIR camera technology is developed and described. This method was tested in a field study performed during the winter 2013-2014 with successful results.The results show that some traditional sensors could be used even with future user-friendly de-icing chemicals. The findings from using visual camera systems and meteorological parameters to determine the road status showed that they provide previously unknown information about road conditions. It was discovered that certain road conditions such as black ice is not always detectable using this technology. Therefore, research was performed that utilized the NIR region where it proved to be possible to detect and distinguish different road conditions, such as black ice. NIR camera technology was introduced in the research since the aim of the thesis was to find a method that provides information on the status of the road over a larger area. The results show that if several images taken in different spectral bands are analyzed with the support of advanced computer models, it is possible to distinguish between a dry, wet, icy and snowy surface. This resulted in the development of a NIR camera system that can distinguish between different surface statuses. Finally, two of these prototype systems for road condition classification were evaluated. These systems were installed at E14 on both sides of the border between Sweden and Norway. The results of these field tests show that this new road status classification, based on NIR imaging spectral analysis, provides new information about the status of the road surface, compared to what can be obtained from existing measurement systems, particularly for detecting differences in and between the wheel tracks.
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| 24. |
- Jonsson Widén, Anna, 1967-
(författare)
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Bildundervisning i möte med samtidskonst : bildlärares professionella utveckling i olika skolformer
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to describe and review the visual art teaching profession from a wider cultural perspective. This can lead to a better understanding of how teachers in 2000s Sweden manage change and relate to their task. This is a starting point for the formation of question areas that are of concern: the importance of their own specific interests in various visual art media for the development of their professional knowledge; what conditions different types of schools provide for the development of the subject and the strategies visual art teachers (in the study) use to develop their teaching on the theme of contemporary art. The theoretical framework is based on a socio-cultural perspective. Analysis combine cultural semiotic and frame factor models. Institutional art theory focuses on art’s audience and the art institutions which are central to contemporary art manifestations. The thesis is based on two case studies conducted by three separate teacher-training days at Bildmuseet in Umeå. 14 Visual Art teachers from four different types of schools: compulsory school, years 7-9, upper secondary school, folk high school and volountary art school (Swe. kulturskola) participated in the study. The investigations has generated data produced through interviews, observation, self-reports and images. Contemporary Art is involved in society's constant change and mix of new medias. The changes concernes the visual art educational field. The opportunities different school contexts provides for education, has an impact on how knowledge is transformed. Conformity, solid structures, formes of assessment and low legitimacy shape resistance. Teaching in visual art is highly based on teachers' own choices. A fragmented knowledge-culture with focus on manual or digital mediations leads to different knowledge-selection. This study highlights resistances that affect applying contemporary art on its own terms. Contemporary art’s starting points and new perspectives represent other paradigms than traditional art classifications. This sigifies tension between the artworld and the educational field. To reducie the tension, a dialogue and interaction between the fields on equal terms is recommended. The study identifies a lack of procedures and resources for formal continuing professional development. There is a need of developing the collective body of knowledge, covering both the theoretical and practical knowledge in the visual art teacher culture.
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| 25. |
- Karimi, Shokoufeh, et al.
(författare)
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In Vivo and In Vitro Detection of Luminescent and Fluorescent Lactobacillus reuteri and Application of Red Fluorescent mCherry for Assessing Plasmid Persistence
- 2016
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lactobacillus reuteri is a symbiont that inhabits the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of mammals, and several strains are used as probiotics. After introduction of probiotic strains in a complex ecosystem like the GI tract, keeping track of them is a challenge. The main objectives of this study were to introduce reporter proteins that would enable in vivo and in vitro detection of L. reuteri and increase knowledge about its interactions with the host. We describe for the first time cloning of codon-optimized reporter genes encoding click beetle red luciferase (CBRluc) and red fluorescent protein mCherry in L. reuteri strains ATCC PTA 6475 and R2LC. The plasmid persistence of mCherry-expressing lactobacilli was evaluated by both flow cytometry (FCM) and conventional plate count (PC), and the plasmid loss rates measured by FCM were lower overall than those determined by PC. Neutralization of pH and longer induction duration significantly improved the mCherry signal. The persistency, dose-dependent signal intensity and localization of the recombinant bacteria in the GI tract of mice were studied with an in vivo imaging system (IVIS), which allowed us to detect fluorescence from 6475-CBRluc-mCherry given at a dose of 1x10(10) CFU and luminescence signals at doses ranging from 1x10(5) to 1x10(10) CFU. Both 6475-CBRluc-mCherry and R2LC-CBRluc were localized in the colon 1 and 2 h after ingestion, but the majority of the latter were still found in the stomach, possibly reflecting niche specificity for R2LC. Finally, an in vitro experiment showed that mCherry-producing R2LC adhered efficiently to the intra cellular junctions of cultured IPEC-J2 cells. In conclusion, the two reporter genes CBRluc and mCherry were shown to be suitable markers for biophotonic imaging (BPI) of L. reuteri and may provide useful tools for future studies of in vivo and in vitro interactions between the bacteria and the host.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Klockmo, Carolina, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Mer än bara en anställning : KomiJobb, en aktiv insats med syfte att främja utveckling
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I Sundsvalls kommun fanns personer som var arbetssökande men som under en längre tid varit beroende av försörjningsstöd. Dessa personer bedömdes ha svårigheter att komma ut på arbetsmarknaden utan stödinsatser. Socialnämnden fattade beslut om att omfördela resurser från socialtjänsten till Favi. Projektet hette KomiJobb och bedrevs i samarbete mellan socialtjänst, Favi och Arbetsförmedlingen. I projektet har deltagarna haft en tidsbegränsad anställning under ett år i kommunens förvaltingar, ideella föreningar och statliga verk. Anställningsformen finansieras med de omfördelade medlen från socialtjänstens försörjningsstödsbudget. Varje anställning kostade i genomsnitt lika mycket som en persons försörjningsstöd. Anställningen låg utanför ordinarie personalbemanning och deltagarna skulle inte utföra ordinarie arbetsuppgifter. För att få delta i projektet krävdes minst 50 % arbetsförmåga. Syftet med föreliggande rapport var att undersöka KomiJobbs modell och följa upp projekt- och effektmål. Intervjuer har genomförts med medarbetare inom projektet, Arbetsförmedlingen, handledare på arbetsplatserna samt deltagare i projektet. Projektet har samlat in vissa uppgifter kring deltagarna som också har använts. Resultatet visade att under perioden 2013-2015 har 544 personer fått en anställning där hela 36 procent av dessa gick vidare till arbete eller studier efter avslutad anställning. Ett mycket gott resultat utifrån att deltagarna ofta hade någon form av ohälsoproblematik, socialmedicinsk problematik och/eller svårigheter i det svenska språket. Resultatet visade att KomiJobb var en aktiv insats sammansatt av flertalet större och mindre insatser som alla syftade till att rusta deltagarna för inträde på arbetsmarknaden. De resurser som var knutna till projektet och som fanns att tillgå var bl.a. arbetsterapeut, psykolog och företagskoordinator som. Inom KomiJobb fanns också en rad motiverande insatser som syftade till att stärka självförtroendet och självkänslan och ett stöd i att lyfta fram sina starka sidor. Andra insatser som erbjudits var att få stöd i att skriva CV, göra provintervjuer och få del av samhällsinformation. Dessutom var det möjligt att studera deltid med bibehållen lön. Resultatet visade att en anställning med lön hade haft stor betydelse där deltagarna upplevde anställningen som mer meriterande än en praktik. Lönen innebar ofta ökade ekonomiska resurser vilket hade haft positiv påverkan inom andra livsområden. Resultatet visade att medarbetare i projektet erbjöd ett konkret och handfast stöd vilket deltagarna uppskattade. KomiJobb innehöll mycket, men det fanns också utvecklingspotential bl.a. få mer variation på arbetsplatser och utveckla samarbetsformerna med andra aktörer. Uppföljande statistik bland deltagarna visade att 73 % av deltagarna inte hade försörjningsstöd två år efter avslut i projektet. Som titeln antyder så innebar KomiJobb mer än enbart en anställning.
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| 28. |
- Laaksonen, Marko, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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The Olympic biathlon – Recent advances and perspectives after Pyeongchang
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Physiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-042X. ; 9:JUL
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The biathlon, combining cross-country ski skating with rifle marksmanship, has been an Olympic event since the Winter Games in Squaw Valley, United States, in 1960. As a consequence of replacing the classical with the skating technique in the 1980s, as well as considerable improvements in equipment and preparation of ski tracks and more effective training, the average biathlon skiing speed has increased substantially. Moreover, the mass-start, pursuit, and sprint races have been introduced. Indeed, two of the four current individual Olympic biathlon competitions involve mass-starts, where tactics play a major role and the outcome is often decided during the last round of shooting or final sprint. Biathlon is a demanding endurance sport requiring extensive aerobic capacity. The wide range of speeds and slopes involved requires biathletes to alternate continuously between and adapt different skating sub-techniques duringraces, a technical complexity that places a premium on efficiency. Although the relative amounts of endurance training at different levels of intensity have remained essentially constant during recent decades, today’s biathletes perform more specific endurance training on roller skis on terrain similar to that used for competition, with more focus on the upper-body, systematic strength and power training and skiing at higher speeds. Success in the biathlon also requires accurate and rapid shooting while simultaneously recovering from high-intensity skiing. Many different factors, including body sway, triggering behavior, and even psychology, influence the shooting performance. Thus, the complexity of biathlon deserves a greater research focus on areas such as race tactics, skating techniques, or shooting process.
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| 29. |
- Larsson, Erik, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparative Study of the Initial Corrosion of KCl and PbCl2 on a Low-Alloyed Steel
- 2017
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Ingår i: Oxidation of Metals. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-4889 .- 0030-770X. ; 87:5-6, s. 779-787
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heat exchange surfaces in biomass- and waste-fired boilers are exposed to corrosive species due to the considerable amounts of alkali chlorides and PbCl2 which are released during combustion. The corrosivity of alkali chlorides toward superheater alloys exposed at high temperature has been studied extensively. However, at lower material temperatures, i.e., at waterwall conditions, considerably less research has been performed. In order to investigate the effect of small amounts of KCl and PbCl2 during the initial stages of the corrosion attack, a Fe–2.25Cr–1Mo steel was exposed for 24 h in an atmospheres consisting of O2 + H2O + N2 at 400 °C. Both KCl and PbCl2 resulted in an increased corrosion rate compared to the reference. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the influence of KCl and PbCl2 on the initial oxidation of a Fe–2.25Cr–1Mo steel. The work involves a detailed microstructural investigation as well as thermodynamic equilibrium calculations.
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| 30. |
- Launonen, Antti P., et al.
(författare)
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Operative versus non-operative treatment for 2-part proximal humerus fracture : A multicenter randomized controlled trial
- 2019
-
Ingår i: PLoS Medicine. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1549-1277 .- 1549-1676. ; 16:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundAlthough increasingly used, the benefit of surgical treatment of displaced 2-part proximal humerus fractures has not been proven. This trial evaluates the clinical effectiveness of surgery with locking plate compared with non-operative treatment for these fractures.Methods and findingsThe NITEP group conducted a superiority, assessor-blinded, multicenter randomized trial in 6 hospitals in Finland, Estonia, Sweden, and Denmark. Eighty-eight patients aged 60 years or older with displaced (more than 1 cm or 45 degrees) 2-part surgical or anatomical neck proximal humerus fracture were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to undergo either operative treatment with a locking plate or non-operative treatment. The mean age of patients was 72 years in the non-operative group and 73 years in the operative group, with a female sex distribution of 95% and 87%, respectively. Patients were recruited between February 2011 and April 2016. The primary outcome measure was Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score at 2-year follow-up. Secondary outcomes included Constant–Murley score, the visual analogue scale for pain, the quality of life questionnaire 15D, EuroQol Group’s 5-dimension self-reported questionnaire EQ-5D, the Oxford Shoulder Score, and complications. The mean DASH score (0 best, 100 worst) at 2 years was 18.5 points for the operative treatment group and 17.4 points for the non-operative group (mean difference 1.1 [95% CI −7.8 to 9.4], p = 0.81). At 2 years, there were no statistically or clinically significant between-group differences in any of the outcome measures. All 3 complications resulting in secondary surgery occurred in the operative group. The lack of blinding in patient-reported outcome assessment is a limitation of the study. Our assessor physiotherapists were, however, blinded.ConclusionsThis trial found no significant difference in clinical outcomes at 2 years between surgery and non-operative treatment in patients 60 years of age or older with displaced 2-part fractures of the proximal humerus. These results suggest that the current practice of performing surgery on the majority of displaced proximal 2-part fractures of the humerus in older adults may not be beneficial.
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| 31. |
- Li, Hao, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lactobacillus reuteri on gut barrier function and heat shock proteins in intestinal porcine epithelial cells
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physiological Reports. - : WILEY. - 2051-817X. ; 3:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a set of highly conserved proteins that can serve as intestinal gate keepers in gut homeostasis. Here, effects of a probiotic, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), and two novel porcine isolates, Lactobacillus johnsonii strain P47-HY and Lactobacillus reuteri strain P43-HUV, on cyto-protective HSP expression and gut barrier function, were investigated in a porcine IPEC-J2 intestinal epithelial cell line model. The IPEC-J2 cells polarized on a permeable filter exhibited villus-like cell phenotype with development of apical microvilli. Western blot analysis detected HSP expression in IPEC-J2 and revealed that L. johnsonii and L. reuteri strains were able to significantly induce HSP27, despite high basal expression in IPEC-J2, whereas LGG did not. For HSP72, only the supernatant of L. reuteri induced the expression, which was comparable to the heat shock treatment, which indicated that HSP72 expression was more stimulus specific. The protective effect of lactobacilli was further studied in IPEC-J2 under an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) challenge. ETEC caused intestinal barrier destruction, as reflected by loss of cell-cell contact, reduced IPEC-J2 cell viability and transepithelial electrical resistance, and disruption of tight junction protein zonula occludens-1. In contrast, the L. reuteri treatment substantially counteracted these detrimental effects and preserved the barrier function. L. johnsonii and LGG also achieved barrier protection, partly by directly inhibiting ETEC attachment. Together, the results indicate that specific strains of Lactobacillus can enhance gut barrier function through cytoprotective HSP induction and fortify the cell protection against ETEC challenge through tight junction protein modulation and direct interaction with pathogens.
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| 32. |
- Lindström, John, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards intelligent and sustainable production : combining and integrating online predictive maintenance and continuous quality control
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 63, s. 443-448
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper addresses intelligent and sustainable production in the sense of combining and integrating online predictive maintenance andcontinuous quality control. The rationale for combining and integrating them is that continuous quality control can provide input to the onlinepredictive maintenance in cases where no signs of maintenance issues have been indicated and inadequate output is produced (and the processparameters cannot be adjusted in order to meet the output specifications). The paper outlines the first part of an action research effort atGestamp HardTech AB in Sweden, whose objective is to keep its position as a world-leading provider of press-hardened vehicle parts. The firstinitial design criteria concerned with simplicity and low-cost was changed after learning more details and what can be accomplished, and theupdated first design criteria focused instead on robustness, high-quality output and future-proofing. The intermediary result is an action plan forthe technical change, whereas the organizational change will be addressed later during the action research effort.
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| 33. |
- Liwång, Hans, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparison between different survivability measures on a generic frigate
- 2015
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Maritime Engineering. - 1479-8751 .- 1740-0716. ; 157:A2, s. A125-A134
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Choosing suitable survivability measures is a demanding task that has to start early in the ship design process. Throughout the design process there is a need for compromises that will define and sometimes limit future operations or capabilities. In this study generic survivability measures are compared. The study also examines the sensitivity of the calculated probabilities to changes in the threat description. The result shows that it is important to investigate the total effect of a hit over a set of relevant ship functions defined for example by survivability levels. The calculations for different threat definitions show that the changes in survivability are substantial when the threat definition is changed. Moreover, the effects of different hit assumptions differ between weapon types. This must be treated as an uncertainty which also should be reflected in the output and weighted into the decisions made, based on the survivability analysis.
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| 34. |
- Liwång, Hans, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparison between different survivability measures on a generic frigate
- 2015
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Maritime Engineering. - : Royal Institution of Naval Architects. - 1479-8751 .- 1740-0716. ; 157, s. A125-A134
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Choosing suitable survivability measures is a demanding task that has to start early in the ship design process. Throughout the design process there is a need for compromises that will define and sometimes limit future operations or capabilities. In this study generic survivability measures are compared. The study also examines the sensitivity of the calculated probabilities to changes in the threat description. The result shows that it is important to investigate the total effect of a hit over a set of relevant ship functions defined for example by survivability levels. The calculations for different threat definitions show that the changes in survivability are substantial when the threat definition is changed. Moreover, the effects of different hit assumptions differ between weapon types. This must be treated as an uncertainty which also should be reflected in the output and weighted into the decisions made, based on the survivability analysis.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Lundblad, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Using PET/CT Bone Scan Dynamic Data to Evaluate Tibia Remodeling When a Taylor Spatial Frame Is Used : Short and Longer Term Differences
- 2015
-
Ingår i: BioMed Research International. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2314-6133 .- 2314-6141. ; 2015, s. 1-11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eighteen consecutive patients, treated with a Taylor Spatial Frame for complex tibia conditions, gave their informed consentto undergo Na18F− PET/CT bone scans. We present a Patlak-like analysis utilizing an approximated blood time-activity curveeliminating the need for blood aliquots. Additionally, standardized uptake values (SUV) derived from dynamic acquisitions werecompared to this Patlak-like approach. Spherical volumes of interest (VOIs) were drawn to include broken bone, other (normal)bone, and muscle. The SUV?(?) (? = max, mean) and a series of slopes were computed as (SUV?(??) − SUV?(??))/(?? − ??), forpairs of time values ?? and ??. A Patlak-like analysis was performed for the same time values by computing ((VOI?(??)/VOI?(??)) −(VOI?(??)/VOI?(??)))/(??−??), where p = broken bone, other bone, andmuscle and e = expected activity in aVOI. Paired comparisonsbetween Patlak-like and SUV? slopes showed good agreement by both linear regression and correlation coefficient analysis(? = 84%, ?? = 78%-SUVmax, ? = 92%, and ?? = 91%-SUVmean), suggesting static scans could substitute for dynamic studies.Patlak-like slope differences of 0.1 min−1 or greater between examinations and SUVmax differences of ∼5 usually indicated goodremodeling progress, while negative Patlak-like slope differences of −0.06 min−1 usually indicated poor remodeling progress in thiscohort.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Pallin, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of growth, metabolism and production of potentially bioactive components during fermentation of barley with Lactobacillus reuteri
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Food Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0740-0020 .- 1095-9998. ; 57, s. 159-171
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eighteen bacterial isolates from millet, buckwheat and rye flour were identified as Lactobacillus reuteri. Genomic fingerprinting (rep-PCR) revealed that they represented five strains and phylogenetic analyses using multi locus sequence analysis (MLSA) showed that all clustered with strains of rodent origin. Two strains (SU12-3 and SU18-3) from different phylogenetic clades were used in fermentations of six varieties of barley, both untreated and heat-treated (with inactivated indigenous enzymes) flour. They were compared with two probiotic strains of human origin (DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 6475), one previously isolated sourdough strain (LTH 5531) and one strain of Lactobacillus plantarum (36E). Analyses of growth (CFU) and metabolism (1H-NMR) revealed differences at species level, with L. plantarum showing a higher capacity to assimilate nutrients without help of the cereal enzymes. Similarities were observed between L. reuteri strains isolated from sourdough, while the greatest differences between L. reuteri strains were observed between strains 6475 and 17938. Multivariate analysis of the metabolic profiles revealed clear clustering according to flour treatment, species of bacteria and barley variety and to some extent also bacterial strain. Possible bioactive compounds such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), 1,3-propanediol (sign of reuterin production) and histamine were identified and quantified. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Sköld, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
Bottentrålning - effekter på marina ekosystem och åtgärder för att minska bottenpåverkan
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under senare år har nya modeller för att detaljerat beskriva fiskets rumsliga utbredning och intensitet tagits fram. Metoder har utvecklats för hur detta fisketryck kan påverka ekosystemen via habitatens och bottendjurens känslighet för bottentrålning. Arbetet har bedrivits bl.a. genom det EU-finansierade forskningsprojektet BENTHIS och Internationella Havsforskningsrådet (ICES) och resultaten har tillämpats i ICES rådgivning till EU om indikatorer för bl.a. Havsmiljödirektivet. Denna rapport är kunskapssammanställning som bygger på detta arbete och fokuserar på den fysiska interaktionen mellan bottentrålfiske och havsbotten och indirekta effekter av bottentrålning kopplade till näringsväven. Rapporten går också igenom möjliga åtgärder för att minska bottentrålningens fysiska påverkan på havsbotten. I uppdraget från Havs- och vattenmyndigheten, som ligger till grund för denna rapport, ingick även att utreda bottentrålningens effekter i skyddade områden. Särskilt fokus har därför lagts på att identifiera och sammanfatta de studier som genomförts i svenska marina skyddade områden. Slutligen summeras översiktligt andelen av olika habitat som befinner sig inom områden med bottentrålningsförbud, samt var bottentrålningen bedrivs inom svensk ekonomisk zon i relation till den svenska trålgränsen.
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| 41. |
- Sköld, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of chronic bottom trawling on soft-seafloor macrofauna in the Kattegat
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Marine Ecology Progress Series. - : Inter-Research Science Center. - 0171-8630 .- 1616-1599. ; 586, s. 41-55
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Impact studies of chronic bottom trawling aiming to reveal long-term effects on benthic organisms are often hampered by the lack of comparable untrawled conditions and the difficulty in assessing the spatial distribution of trawling intensity. We sampled soft-seafloor macrofauna over a precise trawling gradient in the Kattegat using hourly vessel monitoring systems and logbooks. The gradient included the establishment of a marine protected area (MPA), where trawling intensity declined sharply to zero. Our results show shifts in the macrofauna assemblage and non-linear responses, with decreases in the number and diversity of species at low to medium trawling intensities. The benthic community was dominated by burrowing brittle stars, of which one species, Amphiura chiajei, increased in abundance from low to medium trawling intensities. We interpret this positive response to increasing trawling intensities as a consequence of reduction in predation by benthivorous flatfish and Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus, which are significant catches of the fishery. The response was supported by a corresponding trend towards lower abundance of the dominating brittle stars following enforcement of the MPA and presumably an increase in benthivore density and predation pressure within the MPA. We conclude that chronic bottom trawling reduces diversity and may boost the abundances of species resistant to bottom trawling. The results emphasize the need to consider food web effects when assessing the impact of bottom trawling.
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| 42. |
- Stocks, Tanja, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic risk score and cancer risk : pooled analysis of seven cohorts
- 2015
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 44:4, s. 1353-1363
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There are few data on the joint influence of metabolic factors on risk of separate cancers. Methods: We analysed data on body mass index, blood pressure and plasma levels of glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides from seven European cohorts comprising 564 596 men and women with a mean age of 44 years. We weighted those factors equally into a standardized metabolic risk score [MRS, mean = 0, standard deviation (SD) = 1], with an individual's level indicated as SDs from the sex-and cohort-specific means. Cancer hazard ratios were calculated by Cox regression with age as timescale and with relevant adjustments including smoking status. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: During a mean follow-up of 12 years, 21 593 men and 14 348 women were diagnosed with cancer. MRS was linearly and positively associated with incident cancer in total and at sites (P<0.05). In men, risk per SD MRS was increased by 43% (95% confidence interval: 27-61) for renal cell cancer, 43% (16-76) for liver cancer, 29% (20-38) for colon cancer, 27% (5-54) for oesophageal cancer, 20% (9-31) for rectal cancer, 19% (4-37) for leukaemias, 15% (1-30) for oral cancer and 10% (2-19) for bladder cancer. In women, risk increases per SD MRS were 56% (42-70) for endometrial cancer, 53% (29-81) for pancreatic cancer, 40% (16-67) for renal cell cancer, 27% (9-47) for cervical cancer and 17% (3-32) for rectal cancer. Conclusion: This largest study to date on the joint influence of metabolic factors on risk of separate cancers showed increased risks for several cancers, in particular renal cell and liver cancer in men and endometrial and pancreatic cancer in women.
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| 43. |
- Wagman, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational balance: A scoping review of current research and identified knowledge gaps
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1442-7591 .- 2158-1576. ; 22:2, s. 160-169
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article reports a comprehensive review of the research conducted regarding occupational balance. A scoping study method was used to explore and describe current research about occupational balance and to identify research gaps. Twenty-two articles published between 2009 and 2014 met the inclusion criteria. The articles reported studies conducted in eight countries on four continents, but the majority were conducted in Europe and North America. The articles contributed to knowledge about the concept itself, its importance, levels of occupational balance, and the relationship between occupational balance and health and well-being. They also described what is important for occupational balance or how to enhance/create/recreate it and differences between people. Several research gaps were identified which include the need for studies about perceptions of occupational balance among people beyond western societies. Furthermore, systematic research is warranted with regards to levels of occupational balance, and how to enhance it.
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| 44. |
- Wetterling, John, et al.
(författare)
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The Influence of Ionic Strength on the Electroassisted Filtration of Microcrystalline Cellulose
- 2017
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Ingår i: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. - : American Chemical Society. - 0888-5885 .- 1520-5045. ; 56:44, s. 12789-12798
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The production of materials such as microfibrillated cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals is gathering significant research interest by combining mechanical strength and toughness with a low density, biodegradability and renewability. However, one of the challenges with production on an industrial scale is to obtain an energy-efficient solid-liquid separation which is difficult because of the high specific filtration resistance of these materials. This study investigates electroassisted filtration as a method to facilitate the dewatering of cellulosic materials and the influence of ionic strength on the electrofiltration behavior. Electroassisted filtration is found to improve the dewatering rate of the studied cellulosic material, and the potential improvement compared to pressure filtration increased with the specific surface area of the solid material. Increasing the ionic strength of the system increased the power demand of the electroassisted filtration, and the major potential for industrial application is thus for systems with a limited ionic strength.
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| 45. |
-
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 58:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
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