| 1. |
- Jonsson, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Optical characterization of fritted glass for architectural applications
- 2009
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Ingår i: Optical materials (Amsterdam). - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-3467 .- 1873-1252. ; 31:6, s. 949-958
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fritted glass is commonly used as a light diffusing element in modern buildings. Traditionally it has been used for aesthetic purposes but it can also be used for energy savings by incorporating it in novel daylighting systems? To answer such questions the light scattering properties must be properly characterized.This paper contains measurements of different varieties of fritted glass, ranging from the simplest direct-hemispherical measurements to angle-resolved goniometer measurements. Modeling the light scattering to obtain the full bidirectional scattering distribution function (BSDF) extends the measured data, making it useful in simulation programs such as Window 6 and Radiance. Surface profilometry results and SEM micrographs are included to demonstrate the surface properties of the samples studied.
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| 2. |
- Berggren, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Optical absorption in lithiated tungsten oxide thin films : Experiment and theory
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 102:8, s. 083538-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amorphous tungsten oxide exhibits electrochromism when intercalated with protons, lithium, sodium, and other ions. Thin films of the material were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering and then electrochemically intercalated with lithium. The optical absorption in the wavelength range of 300-2500 nm was measured for a number of lithium concentrations. The optical absorption shows a maximum for lithium/tungsten ratios of 0.3-0.5. The optical spectra can be fitted by a superposition of three Gaussian peaks, representing the three possible electronic transitions between W6+, W5+, and W4+ sites. The variation of the peak strength with lithium concentration is consistent with an extended site-saturation theory.
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| 3. |
- Brose, Ulrich, et al.
(författare)
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Body sizes of consumers and their resources
- 2005
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Ingår i: Ecology. - : Ecological Society of America. - 0012-9658 .- 1939-9170. ; 86:9, s. 2545-2545
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trophic information—who eats whom—and species’ body sizes are two of the most basic descriptions necessary to understand community structure as well as ecological and evolutionary dynamics. Consumer–resource body size ratios between predators and their prey, and parasitoids and their hosts, have recently gained increasing attention due to their important implications for species’ interaction strengths and dynamical population stability. This data set documents body sizes of consumers and their resources. We gathered body size data for the food webs of Skipwith Pond, a parasitoid community of grass-feeding chalcid wasps in British grasslands; the pelagic community of the Benguela system, a source web based on broom in the United Kingdom; Broadstone Stream, UK; the Grand Caric¸aie marsh at Lake Neuchaˆtel, Switzerland; Tuesday Lake, USA; alpine lakes in the Sierra Nevada of California; Mill Stream, UK; and the eastern Weddell Sea Shelf, Antarctica. Further consumer–resource body size data are included for planktonic predators, predatory nematodes, parasitoids, marine fish predators, freshwater invertebrates, Australian terrestrial consumers, and aphid parasitoids. Containing 16 807 records, this is the largest data set ever compiled for body sizes of consumers and their resources. In addition to body sizes, the data set includes information on consumer and resource taxonomy, the geographic location of the study, the habitat studied, the type of the feeding interaction (e.g., predacious, parasitic) and the metabolic categories of the species (e.g., invertebrate, ectotherm vertebrate). The present data set was gathered with the intent to stimulate research on effects of consumer–resource body size patterns on food-web structure, interaction-strength distributions, population dynamics, and community stability. The use of a common data set may facilitate cross-study comparisons and understanding of the relationships between different scientific approaches and models.
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| 4. |
- Domanski, Henryk A, et al.
(författare)
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Core-needle biopsy performed by the cytopathologist : a technique to complement fine-needle aspiration of soft tissue and bone lesions
- 2005
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Ingår i: Cancer. - : Wiley. - 1097-0142 .- 0008-543X. ; 105:4, s. 229-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is gaining increased popularity in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal lesions; and, in many patients, a definitive diagnosis can be rendered from aspiration smears alone. The main limitation of FNAC of soft tissue and bone neoplasms is in the evaluation of tissue architecture. In addition cytologic specimens are not always adequate for ancillary studies.METHODS: A consecutive series of 130 patients with soft tissue and bone lesions was examined by core-needle biopsy (CNB) performed by a cytopathologist in conjunction with FNAC. The findings of this combined diagnostic approach were compared with histologic diagnoses made on surgical biopsies and resected specimens from 86 patients. Adequate follow-up was available in all patients.RESULTS: FNAC combined with CNB correctly could identify 77 of 78 malignant lesions and 50 of 52 benign lesions. Only seven patients underwent incisional biopsy. The tumor subtype was determined correctly in 30 of 39 patients (77%) and the malignancy grade was determined in 35 of 39 patients (90%) with primary soft tissue and bone sarcomas compared with the biopsy or operative specimens.CONCLUSIONS: FNAC of musculoskeletal tumors/lesions complemented with CNB combined cytomorphology with tissue architecture and ancillary procedures. In the current study, obtaining FNAC as well as CNB at the same clinic visit and by the cytopathologist made preliminary diagnosis on the day of referral possible. This speeded diagnosis increased the number of correct diagnoses and usually enabled correct subtyping and malignancy grading of sarcomas.
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| 5. |
- Fernebro, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
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Focus on the tumor periphery in MRI evaluation of soft tissue sarcoma: infiltrative growth signifies poor prognosis
- 2006
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Ingår i: Sarcoma. - 1357-714X. ; 2006, s. 21251-21251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. Infiltrative microscopical peripheral growth of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) has been shown to be of prognostic importance and preoperative risk stratification could individualize neoadjuvant treatment. Patients and methods. We assessed peripheral tumour growth pattern on preoperative MRI from 78 STS. The findings were correlated to histopathology and to outcome. Results. The MRI-based peripheral tumour growth pattern was classified as pushing in 34 tumours, focally infiltrative in 25, and diffusely infiltrative in 19. All tumours with diffuse infiltration on MRI also showed microscopical infiltration, whereas MRI failed to identify infiltration in two-thirds of the microscopically infiltrative tumours. Diffusely infiltrative growth on MRI gave a 2.5 times increased risk of metastases (P = .01) and a 3.7 times higher risk of local recurrence (P = .02). Discussion. Based on this observation we suggest that MRI evaluation of STS should focus on the peripheral tumour growth pattern since it adds prognostic information of value for decisions on neoadjuvant therapies.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Schael, S, et al.
(författare)
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Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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