| 1. |
- Alwin, Jenny, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Health economic and process evaluation of AT interventions for persons with dementia and their relatives - A suggested assessment model
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Technology and Disability. - 1055-4181. ; 19:2-3, s. 61-71
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is growing interest in assistive technology (AT) as a means of enabling participation in everyday activities for persons with dementia and their relatives. Health economic assessment of AT in dementia is of importance due to the consequences of the disease for both patients and relatives and to the high societal costs for dementia care. The aim of this article is to outline a model for assessment of AT interventions for persons with dementia. The model expands existing assessment models as it also includes evaluation of the intervention process. Methodological challenges and possibilities in making health economic assessments, including outcomes and costs, as well as process evaluation, are discussed in the article. © 2007 IOS Press. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 2. |
- Asaba, Eric, et al.
(författare)
-
Everyday influence - Democracy when health and social care are part of everyday life
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Ageing and Society. - 0144-686X. ; 43:10, s. 2229-2238
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article contributes to ongoing discussions about frailty and vulnerability in critical gerontology by asserting that possibilities to engage and enact influence in everyday life situations is a crucial dimension of democracy in later life. We discuss how democracy in this sense can be threatened for older persons for whom health and social care services are needed, following from the labelling practices of frailty and the non-recognition of the social processes that set capabilities in motion. We utilise three examples grounded in research with older persons in their home environment in a Swedish context. The examples show how older people use creative, emotional, practical and social resources to integrate activities in a manner that address their needs and capabilities, and influence the situations in direction towards how and when to be engaged in everyday activities. Based on a discussion of the examples, we argue that health and social care services that provide and build social infrastructures need to recognise the potential concurrency of interdependency, vulnerability and agency within older persons' local everyday practices. This to address capabilities and enable concrete expression of democracy in everyday situations. Overall, we suggest that conceptual and methodological shifts in research, as well as policy and practice, are needed to bring democratic processes forward through the relational and situated aspects of resources, agency and influence.
|
|
| 3. |
- Asaba, Eric, et al.
(författare)
-
Everyday influence – democracy when health and social care are part of everyday life
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Ageing & Society. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0144-686X .- 1469-1779. ; 43:10, s. 2229-2238
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article contributes to ongoing discussions about frailty and vulnerability in critical gerontology by asserting that possibilities to engage and enact influence in everyday life situations is a crucial dimension of democracy in later life. We discuss how democracy in this sense can be threatened for older persons for whom health and social care services are needed, following from the labelling practices of frailty and the non-recognition of the social processes that set capabilities in motion. We utilise three examples grounded in research with older persons in their home environment in a Swedish context. The examples show how older people use creative, emotional, practical and social resources to integrate activities in a manner that address their needs and capabilities, and influence the situations in direction towards how and when to be engaged in everyday activities. Based on a discussion of the examples, we argue that health and social care services that provide and build social infrastructures need to recognise the potential concurrency of interdependency, vulnerability and agency within older persons’ local everyday practices. This to address capabilities and enable concrete expression of democracy in everyday situations. Overall, we suggest that conceptual and methodological shifts in research, as well as policy and practice, are needed to bring democratic processes forward through the relational and situated aspects of resources, agency and influence.
|
|
| 4. |
- Asaba, Eric, et al.
(författare)
-
Reframing everyday occupation in the context of migration: Drawing on projects in Gothenburg & Stockholm
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Occupation Diversity for the Future, 9th COTEC congress of Occupational therapy, 24 - 27 may, Stockholm.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: The topic of migration concerns many people with an immediate impact on culture, politics, education, and healthcare around the world. The geographical mobility associated with migration arguably challenges the form, function, and meaning of everyday occupations and thus has a direct impact upon peoples health. This workshop will tackle some of these topics by drawing on a series of ongoing community and intervention projects. Aims: to explore topics of everyday occupations in the context of migration from multiple perspectives. Methods: workshop consists of short presentations followed by groupwork. Outcomes: at the end of this workshop, participants will have: 1) Reflected on challenges concerning research in areas of migration and occupational therapy/occupational science, 2) applied concepts of diversity to own practice, 3) applied concepts and ideas from presentations through groupwork with a WFOT position paper, and 4) initiated contact with occupational therapists from around the world who share common interests.
|
|
| 5. |
- Barman, Linda, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
How education policy is made meaningful - a narrative exploration of how teachers show autonomy in the development of teaching and learning
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Higher Education Resarch and Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0729-4360 .- 1469-8366. ; 35:6, s. 1111-1124
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study addresses how the autonomy of teachers in higher education, in relation to education policy and reform, can be understood. By taking a narrative-in-action approach, we studied health profession teachers' activities and reasoning within their ongoing practice during one year. The findings show how the teachers created their own policies and in what way these policies became meaningful. As teachers in this study continuously made changes, the joint creation of policies contributed to their sense of togetherness and the re-building of a community of practice. In parallel, they increased the evidence-based standards related to their discipline and experienced a shift in perspective concerning teaching and learning. The importance of their jointly made policies can be explained by how they learned a student-learning view together, and built on their own ideas of what educational matters needed to be developed. At the same time, their activities and reasoning mirror a debated but yet prevailing view' on the discourse of quality and a number of ideals thereof such as transparency and standardisation, effective teaching and increased academisation.
|
|
| 6. |
- Barman, Linda, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Safeguarding fairness in assessments—How teachers develop joint practices
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Medical Education. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0308-0110 .- 1365-2923. ; , s. 1-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction - In light of reforms demanding increased transparency of student performance assessments, this study offers an in-depth perspective of how teachers develop their assessment practice. Much is known about factors that influence assessments, and different solutions claim to improve the validity and reliability of assessments of students' clinical competency. However, little is known about how teachers go about improving their assessment practices. This study aims to contribute empirical findings about how teachers' assessment practice may change when shared criteria for assessing students' clinical competency are developed and implemented.Methods - Using a narrative-in-action research approach grounded in narrative theory about human sense-making, one group including nine health professions teachers was studied over a period of 1 year. Drawing upon data from observations, interviews, formal documents and written reflections from these teachers, we performed a narrative analysis to reveal how these teachers made sense of experiences associated with the development and implementation of joint grading criteria for assessing students' clinical performances.Results - The findings present a narrative showing how a shared assessment practice took years to develop and was based on the teachers changed approach to scrutiny. The teachers became highly motivated to use grading criteria to ensure fairness in assessments, but more importantly, to fulfil their moral obligation towards patients. The narrative also demonstrates how these teachers reasoned about dilemmas that arose when they applied standardised assessment criteria.Discussion - The narrative analysis shows clearly how teachers' development and application of assessment standards are embedded in local practices. Our findings highlight the importance of teachers' joint discussions on how to interpret criteria applied in formative and summative assessments of students' performances. In particular, teachers' different approaches to assessing ‘pieces of skills’ versus making holistic judgements on students' performances, regardless of whether the grading criteria are clear and well-articulated on paper, should be acknowledged. Understanding the journey that these teachers made gives new perspectives as to how faculty can be supported when assessments of professionalism and clinical competency are developed.
|
|
| 7. |
- Bontje, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Balancing struggles with desired results in everyday activities : strategies for elderly persons with physical disabilities
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 30:1, s. 154-163
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The number of elderly persons with disabilities needing support with everyday activities increasing in Japan and around the world. Yet, engagement in everyday activities can support the quality of their daily life. Despite research focusing on reported meanings of people's actions, there is still limited knowledge on how engagement in everyday activity is enacted along with the meanings of persons’ actions. The aim of the present study was to identify meanings of persons’ actions within everyday activities of elderly Japanese with physical disabilities. Five elderly persons with physical disabilities living in the community participated in this study. Data were gathered by 10 participant observations of everyday activities supplemented with 13 unstructured interviews. Narrative analysis was used to identify meanings of persons’ actions. The analysis identified an overall plot termed ‘balancing struggles with desired results’. This plot illustrated that participants’ and other involved individuals balanced problematic situations with finding situations that accommodated their needs. Meanings of these actions were further identified as three complementary strategies. Two of three strategies aimed to mitigate given problems, one by ‘acting on a plan to achieve one's goals’, the other by ‘taking a step in a preferred direction by capitalising on emerging opportunities’. The third strategy focused on avoiding undesirable experiences by ‘modifying problematic situations’. In conclusion, these findings call for care and rehabilitation providers’ sensitivity to shifting foci of what matters in daily life's situations as well as aligning with persons’ skills, resources and perspectives. Accordingly, the judicious and flexible use of these complementary strategies can enhance elderly persons’ quality of daily living through everyday activities.
|
|
| 8. |
- Isaksson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
-
Men's experiences of giving and taking social support after their wife's spinal cord injury
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2014 .- 1103-8128. ; 15:4, s. 236-246
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of how men living with women with spinal cord injury (SCI) experienced and acted when they were giving and taking social support to and from their wives and other persons in their social network. Another aim was to give some possible explanations of the complex process of change that they went through. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with four men and field notes. To describe the men's subjective experiences and the process of change, a narrative approach inspired by Polkinghorne was used. The analyses resulted in one story that included the four men's experiences and action. The story showed that when the men went through a process of change, they used and needed both emotional and practical support to handle their new life situation. Furthermore, the men's experiences and action against social support changed over time. This indicated that, through narratives from spouses, professionals within rehabilitation could understand the process of change they went through after their partner's sudden injury, and support them to find strategies to handle their changed life situation. To give some possible explanations for the men's experiences and action during the process of change, the findings are discussed in relation to theories concerning adaptation and coping.
|
|
| 9. |
- Isaksson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
-
Projekt: Det sociala nätverkets betydelse för delaktighet i dagliga aktiviteter - Erfarenheter från kvinnor med ryggmärgsskada och deras män
- 2010
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Projektets övergripande syfte Syftet med detta projekt var att få en fördjupad kunskap om och förståelse för upplevelsen av den sociala miljöns betydelse för delaktighet i dagliga aktiviteter hos kvinnor med en ryggmärgsskada och deras män samt om upplevelsen förändrades över tid. Kort beskrivning av projektet Projektet fokuserar på betydelsen av det sociala nätverket och dess relation till aktivitet och hälsa inom rehabilitering och arbetsterapi. Utgångspunkten var att det behövs en ökad kunskap om hur personer med funktionshinder upplever betydelsen av socialt stöd från det sociala nätverket eftersom en framgångsrik rehabilitering förutsätter att en person med funktionshinder upplever socialt stöd från det sociala nätverket. Målgruppen för att belysa detta har i projektet varit kvinnor som drabbats av en ryggmärgsskada, då de ofta får omfattande funktionshinder med förändrade vanor vid aktivitetsutförande samt förändrade relationer i deras sociala nätverk. Vidare för att kunskap om kvinnor med ryggmärgsskada är begränsad. I projektet har även män som var sammanboende med kvinnor med en ryggmärgsskada ingått. Metodologiskt har projektet en kvalitativ inriktning där deltagarna intervjuats om deras upplevelser av det sociala nätverkets betydelse för delaktighet i vardagen från strax före skadan fram till idag. Resultaten visar att över tid utvecklades ett förändrat samspel mellan kvinnorna och deras sociala nätverk som influerade deras delaktighet i dagliga aktiviteter. Resultatet påvisade även betydelsen av berättelser för att fånga dynamiken och komplexiteten i den förändringsprocess som både kvinnorna och männen som var sammanboende med dem gick igenom. Vidare hur klient-centrerad praxis som inkluderar även anhöriga kan utveckla en djupare förståelse för dynamiken och samspelet mellan personen, aktiviteter och socialt samspel. Detta forskningsprojekt kan därför tillföra arbetsterapeuter, men även annan personal inom rehabilitering, en ökad kunskap om den sociala miljöns betydelse för utförandet av aktiviteter i det dagliga livet.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Johansson, Karin Mauri, et al.
(författare)
-
Balancing the good : a critical discourse analysis of home modification services
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Sociology of Health and Illness. - : Wiley. - 0141-9889 .- 1467-9566. ; 32:4, s. 563-582
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today an increasing number of people with functional limitations are ageing in their homes. Although the home has become an arena for assessment and implementation of services, little is known about how the interrelationships between ideological and practical circumstances influence the allocation of such welfare services. This explorative study applied a combination of critical discourse analysis and a narrative approach to closely examine such relationships in home modification services to older persons in Sweden. Data consisted of focus group discussions with street-level bureaucrats from two institutional contexts in the organisational field of home modification services and official documents related to such services. Findings showed that the attempts of street-level bureaucrats to allocate resources in accordance with the good were complicated by competing local definitions of 'the good'. The process of forming local perceptions of the good included complex balancing acts between hegemonic discourses within the organisational field which influenced and shaped how 'the good' was practised. Understanding the moral dimensions that enter into the complexity of allocation of home modification services across institutional settings has implications for the policies of and practices for the allocation of welfare resources.
|
|
| 12. |
- Johansson, Karin Mauri, et al.
(författare)
-
Creating possibilities for action in the presence of environmental barriers in the process of 'ageing in place'
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Ageing & Society. - 0144-686X .- 1469-1779. ; 29:1, s. 49-70
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The need for an understanding of 'ageing in place' as a progressive process has emerged among researchers in the field of environmental gerontology. The aim of this study was to explore this process, in relation to home modification services. Four older adults who had applied for home modification services in one Swedish municipality were included. Data were collected by open interviews with the participants in their homes on subsequent occasions, from before the modification had been installed until recognised stability in the situation relating to the home modification. In the analysis, the concept of place integration was used as a tool to explore the active relations that connect people and context over time. The main findings show that the participants used creativity and initiative to direct future situations towards increased possibilities for action. This indicates that services aiming to support people 'ageing in place' should be directed towards increasing possibilities for action rather than only facilitating activity performance. Furthermore, it can be concluded that if the service-users' creativity and efforts are recognised as resources in design and provision of services, services that aim to support individuals who are ageing in place have the potential to be empowering
|
|
| 13. |
- Josephsson, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
-
Supporting everyday activities in Dementia : an intervention study
- 1993
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0885-6230 .- 1099-1166. ; 8:5, s. 395-400
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The efficacy of an intervention programme designed to support performance in activities of daily living was investigated in four patients with dementia at different levels of severity of impairment. Important features of the programme included that (a) task conditions should be highly supportive, (b) the importance of episodic and semantic memory skills for successful performance should be minimized, (c) an acceptable performance level should be possible to achieve using skills that are relatively well preserved in the disease, and (d) factors related to patients' motivation and habits should be taken into account. Performance gains were evaluated using the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills instrument. Results showed intervention-related gains in three patients. One of these patients maintained performance gains when environmental guidance (eg signs) was withdrawn, whereas the other two required environmental guidance in order to exhibit gains. The overall pattern of results suggests that this form of intervention related to everyday functioning in dementia is worthy of further empirical attention.
|
|
| 14. |
- Josephsson, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
-
Using Ricoeur's notions on narrative interpretation as a resource in supporting person-centredness in health and social care.
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nursing Philosophy. - : Wiley. - 1466-769X .- 1466-7681. ; 23:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article suggests a shift in focus from stories as verbal accounts to narrative interpretation of the every day as a resource for achieving person-centred health and social care. The aim is to explore Ricoeur's notion of narrative and action, as expressed in his arguments on a threefold mimesis process, using this as a grounding for the use of narration to achieve person-centredness in health and social care practice. This focus emerged from discussions on this matter at the IPONS conference in Gothenburg, 2021. Based on philosophical resources from Ricoeur's notions of narrative and action developed in his arguments on a threefold mimesis process, we propose a wider use of stories in health and social care practices. We suggest expanding from only focusing on verbal accounts to focusing on narrative as a human way to interpret and make sense of everyday life and circumstances and to communicate possible meanings. We discuss how such complementary focus can be a resource in getting patients involved and collaborating in their health and social care and thereby help develop person-centred practices.
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Lindström, Maria, 1969-
(författare)
-
Promoting agency among people with severe psychiatric disability : occupation-oriented interventions in home and community settings
- 2011
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In general, people with severe psychiatric disability living in sheltered or supported housing lead passive, solitary lives. Current rehabilitative approaches often neglect considering an agentic perspective of the residents in sheltered or supported housing. Furthermore, the outreach and societal contexts are often not considered. Thus, practitioners tend to overlook the potential in providing support and rehabilitation that is adapted to their individual, collective and changing needs. My approach was to develop a model for Everyday Life Rehabilitation (ELR), which has a potential to promote agency while targeting recovery, meaningful daily occupations, social participation, and person-driven goals. We employed two occupational therapists (OT) and offered an intervention with ELR in a medium-sized municipality in northernSwedenand evaluated this intervention from the perspectives of residents and community care workers (CCW), using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. This thesis comprises four studies that focus on a home and community context, late rehabilitation efforts, daily occupations, and client-centredness. The overall aim is to understand and evaluate the impact of recovery- and occupation-oriented interventions in a home context for people with severe psychiatric disability. The study settings are sheltered and supported housing facilities. The first study (n=6) explores the significance of home for occupational transformations. The analysis reveals how residential conditions facilitate rehabilitative interactions, generating occupational transformations such as increasing social competence and taking charge of daily occupations. The second study evaluates occupation- and health-related outcomes of the ELR-intervention for residents (n=17). Pre-, post-, and follow-up differences in tests scores on goal attainment, occupation, and health-related factors indicate that important progress is made. The third study explores residents’ (n=16) narratives about occupational transformations in the context of everyday life and life history. Narrative analysis discloses stories of ‘rediscovering agency’, referring to occupational and identity transformations. The fourth study illuminates community care workers’ (n=21) experiences of collaborating with residents and OTs, using ELR. The CCW’ view on residents, rehabilitation, and the own role, along with organisational conditions in the housing facility, seem to characterise different outlooks influencing the CCWs responsiveness or resistance to the intervention. In conclusion, rehabilitation in a supported housing context appears paradoxical due to tensions between opposing values such as authentic versus artificial, and independence versus dependence. However, if residents are engaged in challenging these tensions, they can function as ‘progressive tensions’ generating change. Considering the personal and social meaning of home also appears to be valuable. The intervention studies on ELR, demonstrate its value for participants and indicates that a recovery approach applying ELR would promote shared perspectives among residents, CCWs, and OTs, while facilitating ‘agent-supported rehabilitation’ and ‘out-of-housing strategies’. The thesis provides initial support for the use of ELR-interventions and proposes continued research.
|
|
| 17. |
- Mondaca, Margarita, et al.
(författare)
-
Altering the boundaries of everyday life in a nursing home context
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 26:6, s. 441-451
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Despite global and local policy frameworks that explicitly aim to privilege participation and active engagement of older adults living in nursing homes, this group often has limited possibilities to engage in occupations and to have influence in their everyday lives. Aim: To explore how older adults’ engagement and influence in an occupation can emerge in everyday life in a nursing home setting.Material and methods: A participatory qualitative approach was applied. Older adults living in a nursing home participated in a Book Club that was created collaboratively between researchers, residents, and the nursing home community.Findings: The analysis identified qualities of altering the boundaries of everyday life and addressing the uncertain conditions for influence and engagement as processes actualized by the residents when engaging in the Book Club. Further analysis identified how these processes involved ordinariness, familiarity, fellowship, and connectedness.Conclusion and Significance: Engagement and influence in occupation in a nursing home is possible when enabling partnerships and resourcefulness among the residents. However, such enablement is not guaranteed and needs to be actively upheld by the nursing home community in order to build practices aligned with policy frameworks of participation.
|
|
| 18. |
- Mondaca, Margarita, et al.
(författare)
-
In search for the “humane” : staffs’ perspectives on everyday activities in a nursing home
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Aging & Mental Health. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1360-7863 .- 1364-6915. ; 24:4, s. 679-688
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To better understand how a dialogue about the influence of nursing home residents on their everyday activities evolve among diverse practitioners and to identify the consequences of such an understanding in practice.Methods: Inspired by a collaborative approach, five workshops, one focus group and follow up interviews were conducted. The participants were 19 diverse practitioners. Analysis followed a dialogical approach.Findings: Tensions, opportunities and challenges were articulated and discussed during the workshops and are developed in: a) Bypassing the “humane”? The dilemma between using shields preventing engagement or acting in a clandestine manner b)“What is our stance?” Seeking common ground on which to stand regarding everyday activities and c) Recognising expertise and seeking connections.Discussion: For the staff, acting in a clandestine manner seems to create ways of enabling “humane” practices towards nursing home residents. The “clandestine manners” seem to be grounded in an effort on the part of the staff to make sense of the everyday activities for the nursing home residents. These “clandestine manners” could be seen as responses to institutional routines and a lack of common ground on the understanding of everyday activities in the context of nursing homes.
|
|
| 19. |
- Mondaca, Margarita, et al.
(författare)
-
Influencing everyday activities in a nursing home setting : A call for ethical and responsive engagement
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nursing Inquiry. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1320-7881 .- 1440-1800. ; 25:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on influence that older adults, living in nursing homes, have over everyday activities. Everyday activities are key to sustain a sense of stability, predictability, and enjoyment in the local world of people's everyday and therefore a critical dimension of the person-centeredness framework applied within gerontology. This narrative ethnographic study aimed to shed light on how influence can be situated contextually, and how it can emerge through activities as well as how it is negotiated in everyday by frail older adults living in a nursing home. Residents, staff members, and significant others from one nursing home in an urban area of Sweden participated in this study. Data were gathered through fieldwork, including participant observation and formal and informal conversations during a period of 6 months. Data were analyzed through a narrative interpretative approach. The findings are presented in narrative form as exemplars. The exemplars—Craquelures as justification, Seeking a place for other life worlds and An almost perfect trip—reveal a gap between the client-centeredness framework and lived experiences regarding older adults’ influence in everyday activities. The role of everyday activities in the context of frailty is discussed in terms of ethical and responsive engagement, and implications for health-care practices are considered.
|
|
| 20. |
- Nyman, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
-
A Narrative of Agency Enacted within the Everyday Occupations of an Older Swedish Woman
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Occupational Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1442-7591 .- 2158-1576. ; 21:4, s. 459-472
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores how agency is enacted in everyday occupations with others and evolves over time. Agency is a complex concept that is closely linked to human occupation. By using a transactional perspective and a narrative approach, our ambition was to explore agency beyond individual acts or responsibilities. To achieve this, we used a story of an older woman in the context of being widowed and living with late-life depression. Data were generated over time using interviews and by taking part in the participant's everyday occupations. Narrative analysis was used to create a contextualized in-depth story. The findings show how resources embedded in enacted stories can challenge one's view of oneself as a victim and create possibilities to be an agent, thereby illustrating how agency becomes enacted in the context of acting together in everyday occupations. In light of these findings, we reflect on how a transactional perspective can contribute to exploring the concept of agency as contextually situated and embedded in occupations. Further, we reflect on how the transactional dimensions of everyday occupations can be explored through a narrative approach.
|
|
| 21. |
- Nyman, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
-
Being part of an enacted togetherness : narratives of elderly people with depression
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Aging Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-4065 .- 1879-193X. ; 26:4, s. 410-418
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we explored how five elderly persons with depression engaged in everyday activities with others, over time, and how this was related to their experience of meaning. Repeated interviews and participant observations generated data that was analysed using a narrative approach. Analysis identified togetherness as an acted relation, “enacted togetherness”, emphasising how the act of doing everyday activities with someone created togetherness and belonging, and being part of an enacted togetherness seemed to be a way for the participants to negotiate and construct meaning. Opportunities for doing things together with someone were closely associated to the place where the participants lived. Furthermore, engagement in activities together with others created hope and expectations of future acting. Findings from this research can extend our understanding of how participating in everyday activities is experienced as a social process including change over time, presenting the perspective of elderly people themselves. In light of these findings, we highlight the need to consider how opportunities to become part of an enacted togetherness can be created. Also, we aspire to contribute to the debate on how to understand the complexity related to social aspects of ageing and add to the emerging understanding of everyday activities as transactional, incorporating people and the environment in a dynamic process that goes beyond the individual.
|
|
| 22. |
- Nyman, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
-
Being part of an unfolding story : togetherness in everyday occupations when ageing
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21:5, s. 368-376
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this study was to explore and enhance the understanding of how togetherness in everyday occupations is experienced and discussed among older adults. Method: Focus-group discussions generated the data and a total of 12 participants, including six women and six men, divided into three groups, participated in this study. Analysis was performed using a grounded theory approach. Results: The findings reflect how togetherness in everyday occupations can be comprehended as multifold transactional processes, emphasizing how an acted belonging was a situated experience connecting people and places through unfolding stories. The findings suggest that the process of meaning-making in ongoing life was closely associated with togetherness and was negotiated with others through shared culture and experiences. Togetherness meant being part of something in which the persons involved were contributing to each other in various ways. However, being part of togetherness was complicated, especially when the person’s life situation was challenged in some way. Conclusions: It was apparent from the analysis that togetherness could not be taken for granted. Rather, the findings reflect how togetherness was created and maintained through an ongoing process of nurturing established relationships as well as creating something new around occupations with others.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Nyman, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
-
Rethinking occupation in research and clinical practice: Joining people, places and meaning
- 2012
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Josephsson S, Alsaker S, Isaksson G, Lindström M, Aldrich R, Nyman A. Rethinking occupation in research and clinical practice: Joining people, places and meaning. Discussion Forum at Conference: SSO: USA; Society for the Study of occupation: USA, October 2012.Recent developments in occupational science conceptualize occupation and its relation to place in terms of dynamic processes rather than components and structures. It could be phrased as a move from what occupation is to how it works. There has been a simultaneous trend of challenging the view of occupation as residing within individuals. Combining these two developments, occupation may now be conceptualized as emerging from situations that encompass transactions of person, culture, environment, and more. The aim of this panel is to reflect and discuss the consequence of this shift for occupation-based research and practice. Based on the included papers we will argue for the need of a less individual and static conceptualization of occupation and we will consider possible ways on how such shift of conceptualization can be achieved. The panel will include five papers: Sissel Alsaker will present research on enacted meaning using a narrative– in – action approach among women in Norway with chronic rheumatic condition. She will argue for how narrative – in – action might be an analytic resource to access occupation as ongoing processes rather than in terms of static characteristics. Maria Lindström will discuss based on her intervention research on persons with persistent mental illness, showing how the lack of a social conceptualization of occupation can decrease the visibility of certain research results. Gunilla Isaksson will base her reasoning on a narrative study on how men living with women with spinal cord injury experienced and acted in the complex process of change they went through after the women’s injury and how support was acted among them and their social network. Rebecca Aldrich will discuss the relationship of process and occupation’s social nature, as exemplified by data on routines from ethnographic research on North Carolinian discouraged workers. Finally, Anneli Nyman will demonstrate drawing from an ongoing study on social processes of participation among elderly women with depression and using narrative analysis on interview data, how enacted togetherness can be a resource for occupation-based practice with persons under such conditions. References: Aldrich, R. & Dickie, V. (In press): “It’s hard to plan your day when you have no money”: Discouraged workers’ occupational possibilities and the need to reconceptualize routine. Work, A Journal of Prevention, Assessment, and Rehabilitation. Alsaker, S. & Josephsson, S. (2010) Occupation and meaning: Narrative in everyday activities of women with chronic rheumatic conditions. OTJR – Occupation, Participation and Health, 30(2), 58-67). Lindström, M (2011) Promoting agency among people with severe psychiatric disability: occupation-oriented interventions in home and community settings. (Doctoral dissertation). Umeå University Key words: occupation; social; process; unit of analyses Discussion: -Why is it important for occupational science research to rethink how we conceptualize occupation? -What can a contextual, process-oriented and multifaceted conceptualization of occupation mean in occupational science research as well as clinical practice? -What are the consequences of such conceptualizations for how we measure and assess outcomes in research as well as in practice?
|
|
| 25. |
- Stigsdotter Neely, Anna, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
-
Collaborative memory intervention in dementia : Caregiver participation matters
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Neuropsychological rehabilitation (Print). - : Psychology Press, Taylor & Francis Group. - 0960-2011 .- 1464-0694. ; 14, s. 1-20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness of a collaborative memory intervention for persons with dementia and their spousal caregivers, where the couple acquired and practised memory supportive strategies (spaced-retrieval and hierarchical cuing) to learn a face-name association and to set a table for coffee/tea. The collaborative intervention was compared to an individual intervention where the person with dementia received the same training but without the participating caregiver and to a control group of couples receiving no training. The results showed that following collaborative intervention recall performance in two collaborative tasks became more equally shared between the spouses, reflected in a decrease in recall for the caregiver and in an increase in recall for the spouse with dementia between pre- and post-test; whereas for the other two groups the caregivers dominated collaborative recall both at pre- and post-test. The results also showed that the persons with dementia in the collaborative group improved their individually assessed episodic memory performance as compared to the persons with dementia in the other two groups. Finally, training had no effects on episodic memory, perceived burden or depressive symptoms for the caregivers. These results suggest that the active participation of the caregiver matters in cognitive dementia rehabilitation.
|
|
| 26. |
- Wikström, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
-
Engagement in activities : Experiences of persons with dementia and their caregiving spouses
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Dementia. - : Sage Publications. - 1471-3012 .- 1741-2684. ; 7:2, s. 251-270
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study identifies how persons with dementia and their caregiving spouses individually perceive their own, their spouse's and their mutual engagements in everyday activities. Fifty-two cohabiting spouses, half of whom were diagnosed with dementia, were interviewed. A qualitative constant comparative analysis was performed, identifying four major themes: perceived changes in activity engagements; consequences of experienced changes; dilemmas experienced by the caregivers; and management approaches to handle a changed everyday life. Each individual described their activities to include loss of social engagements and changes in the relationship. Dilemmas experienced by the caregivers included `interfering with the spouse's engagement or not' and `placing the spouse's or one's own needs first'. The caregiver management approaches identified included `taking over' or `encouraging initiative'; `lowering demands or avoiding problematic engagements'; and `managing through collaboration'. Findings provide insight into everyday engagements for persons with dementia and their caregivers, important to healthcare support providers.
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
- Yilmaz, Maria, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
-
Participation by doing : Social interaction in everyday activities among persons with schizophrenia
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 15:3, s. 162-172
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Schizophrenia inpacts on social functioning and participation in everyday life. However, there is limited research describing how persons with schizophrenia interact with others when performing daily activities. The aim of this study is to describe how persons with interact with others while performing everyday activities in different contexts in terms of facilitating and hindering factors. Repeated participant observation of four persons with schizophrenia were conducted in their environment. The observed activities and social interactions were chosen from the participant's daily routines. Fieldnotes were taken during the observations. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data. Two themes constitute the main result: Facilitating social interaction in activity performance and Hindering social interaction in activity performance. These two themes serve as headings for sub-themes representing factors influencing social interaction in activity performance. Through a further analysis of the themes the following dichotomous context were identified as influential: meningful/not meaningful activity being performed; attitudes were trusting/lacking trust; and location, at home/outside the home. Conclusion: If the facilitating contextual factors are considered for each individual when planning and performing everyday activities together with others there is a possibility to improve social interaction skills and thereby participation.
|
|
| 29. |
- Yilmaz, Maria, 1961-
(författare)
-
Social interaction and participation in activities of everyday life among persons with schizophrenia
- 2009
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Difficulties in social interaction frequently accompany a diagnosis of schizophrenia and are an obstacle for participation in everyday life. The overall aim of this licentiate thesis was to develop knowledge about participation in everyday life among persons with schizophrenia. Four persons with schizophrenia, two men and two women, participated in the two studies in this thesis. Data were collected by participant observation (study I and II) and interviews (study II). The data collection took place in the participants’ personal environment and the activities and interactions under study were chosen out of their daily routines. The activities were performed together with one or more persons with a certain amount of regularity in the participant’s everyday life. Qualitative analysis methods were used in both studies. In the first study qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data and resulted in two themes constituting the main result: Facilitating social interaction in activity performance and Hindering social interaction in activity performance. These two themes served as headings for sub-themes representing factors influencing social interaction in activity performance. A further analysis of the themes and sub-themes identified the following dichotomous contexts as influential: meaningful/not meaningful activity being performed; attitudes were trusting/lacking trust; and location, at home/outside the home. In the second study a narrative analysis was used to identify social processes of participation in performing activities of everyday life among person with schizophrenia by looking at what characterized the social processes that preceded or aggravated participation. Three plots constituted the main result in the second study: 1) To be met by respect, to receive attention from others and to have straightforward communication. 2) To take one’s own initiatives to perform meaningful activities together with others, to trust in one’s social environment and to mean something to others. 3) To take part in discussions and mutual decision-making facilitated by routines and structure. These results indicate several possibilities for supporting and promoting participation among persons with schizophrenia. To focus on the facilitating factors of social interaction and the social processes leading to participation in everyday life identified in this thesis could give health care professionals access to individual preferences and choices concerning meaningful activities, social environment and relationships, a knowledge that can be used to support the person with schizophrenia to gradually start or continue a process towards participation in everyday life.
|
|
| 30. |
- Yilmaz, Maria, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
-
Social processes of participation in everyday life among persons with schizophrenia
- 2009
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - Basingstoke : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-2631 .- 1748-2623. ; 4:4, s. 267-279
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Schizophrenia has an impact on social functioning and participation in everyday life. However, there is limited research concerning what persons with schizophrenia actually do in their societal context and what characterize the social processes influencing participation. The aim of this study was to identify social processes of participation in performing activities of everyday life among persons with schizophrenia by looking at what characterizes the social processes that precede or aggravate participation. Repeated participant observation of four persons with schizophrenia, performing everyday activities, was conducted, followed by interviews. A narrative analysis was used to analyse the data. Three plots constitute the main result: (1) When I know that I am appreciated and not different from others I want to continue what I'm doing (2) When I trust the people around me and have the possibility to mean something to them I do meaningful things (3)When I know in advance what's going to happen I take part in discussions and mutual decision-making. The findings of this study can be used as a heuristic tool to structure the understanding of how different components co-operate in the social processes of participation and can as such be applied when assisting persons with schizophrenia into participation in everyday life.
|
|
| 31. |
- Öhman, Annika, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
-
Awareness through interaction in everyday occupations: experiences of people with Alzheimer's disease
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 15:1, s. 43-51
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore and describe the characteristics of awareness of the consequences of having Alzheimer's disease on everyday life occupations. Six community-dwelling participants with Alzheimer's disease were interviewed on repeated occasions about their lived experiences of everyday occupations. A phenomenological method was adopted for the analysis. The findings show that the participants discovered and explored the changes in how they performed everyday occupations in the context of their social relations and through immediate reflections on their forgetfulness. They attempted to handle the changes by adapting their behaviour. Awareness of the changes in their lives was evident in their reflections, as they tried to make sense of what was happening to them. This seemed to be related to an elusive perception of change in situations that they found impossible to influence. The participants reflected on the impact their condition had on other people near them. Their reflections also involved emotional reactions to the shortcomings they experienced. In conclusion, the findings show how these people with Alzheimer's disease were able to express awareness of the consequences of their illness through their reflections on their experiences of interaction with the occupations and the social environment.Read More: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080/11038120701441080
|
|
| 32. |
- Örulv, Linda, 1975-
(författare)
-
Fragile identities, patched-up worlds : Dementia and meaning-making in social interaction
- 2008
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna avhandling fokuserar på det meningsskapande och begripliggörande som fortgår vid tilltagande demenssjukdom, i det sociala samspelet, och de utmaningar för demens-omsorgen som detta innebär. Studien är aktörsorienterad och adresserar frågan om hur personer med åldersrelaterade progressiva demenssjukdomar i den vardagliga kommuni-kationen söker förstå sina situationer, omgivningen och sina liv – alltsammans inom ra-men för det dagliga samspelet på ett demensboende. Av särskilt intresse är hur dessa per-soner hanterar problem som har att göra med att handla tillsammans med andra i en gemensamt delad värld och hitta sin roll i det pågående samspelet, och hur de etablerar och upprätthåller en identitet i detta samspel. Detta trots svåra minnesproblem, desorien-tering i tid och rum, olika sätt att förstå den pågående situationen samt svårigheter att be-rätta om sina liv på ett sätt som både stämmer överens med biografiska data och har en tillfredsställande temporal organisering. Avhandlingen adresserar också frågan om hur omsorgspersonalen kan hantera det komplexa samspelet mellan de boende i den dagliga omsorgen, med avseende på att upprätthålla och respektera dessa personers värdighet.Studien ansluter till en växande tradition av att studera interaktion vid demens som meningsbaserad och situerad i en kontext snarare än enbart som beteende som orsakas av kognitiva svårigheter. Metodologiskt är studien etnografisk och bygger på observationer fördelade över en tidsperiod av sex månader. Materialet, som består av ca 150 h videoma-terial och kompletterande fältanteckningar, möjliggör att samspelet studeras både i detalj och i relation till det större sammanhang som det ingår i.Studien visar på kvarvarande kompetenser och bidrar med ny kunskap om strategier som personerna med demens använder sig av i ett aktivt, kreativt och på många sätt ratio-nellt meningsskapande i det sociala samspelet med andra människor. Detta diskuteras i termer av resurser för demensomsorgen i relation till den stora utmaning som det innebär att lappa ihop och upprätthålla en begriplig och socialt delad värld, samt upprätthålla kon-tinuitet med personernas livshistorier på ett sätt som möjliggör en önskad identitet.
|
|
