| 1. |
- Elsik, Christine G., et al.
(författare)
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The Genome Sequence of Taurine Cattle : A Window to Ruminant Biology and Evolution
- 2009
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 324:5926, s. 522-528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To understand the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to about sevenfold coverage. The cattle genome contains a minimum of 22,000 genes, with a core set of 14,345 orthologs shared among seven mammalian species of which 1217 are absent or undetected in noneutherian (marsupial or monotreme) genomes. Cattle-specific evolutionary breakpoint regions in chromosomes have a higher density of segmental duplications, enrichment of repetitive elements, and species-specific variations in genes associated with lactation and immune responsiveness. Genes involved in metabolism are generally highly conserved, although five metabolic genes are deleted or extensively diverged from their human orthologs. The cattle genome sequence thus provides a resource for understanding mammalian evolution and accelerating livestock genetic improvement for milk and meat production.
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| 2. |
- Tuskan, G A, et al.
(författare)
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The genome of black cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray).
- 2006
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 313:5793, s. 1596-604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the draft genome of the black cottonwood tree, Populus trichocarpa. Integration of shotgun sequence assembly with genetic mapping enabled chromosome-scale reconstruction of the genome. More than 45,000 putative protein-coding genes were identified. Analysis of the assembled genome revealed a whole-genome duplication event; about 8000 pairs of duplicated genes from that event survived in the Populus genome. A second, older duplication event is indistinguishably coincident with the divergence of the Populus and Arabidopsis lineages. Nucleotide substitution, tandem gene duplication, and gross chromosomal rearrangement appear to proceed substantially more slowly in Populus than in Arabidopsis. Populus has more protein-coding genes than Arabidopsis, ranging on average from 1.4 to 1.6 putative Populus homologs for each Arabidopsis gene. However, the relative frequency of protein domains in the two genomes is similar. Overrepresented exceptions in Populus include genes associated with lignocellulosic wall biosynthesis, meristem development, disease resistance, and metabolite transport.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Valiente-Dobon, JJ, et al.
(författare)
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High-spin rotational structures in Kr-76
- 2005
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Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 71:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-spin states in Kr-76(36)40 have been populated in the Ca-40(Ca-40,4p)Kr-76 fusion-evaporation reaction at abeam energy of 165 MeV and studied using the Gammasphere and Microball multidetector arrays. The ground-state band and two signature-split negative parity bands of Kr-76 have been extended to similar to 30 (h) over bar. Lifetime measurements. using the Doppler-shift attenuation method show that the transition quadrupole moment of these three bands decrease as they approach their maximum-spin states. Two signatures of a new rotational structure with remarkably rigid rotational behavior have been identified. The high-spin properties of these rotational bands are analyzed within the framework of configuration-dependent cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations.
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| 5. |
- Valiente-Dobon, JJ, et al.
(författare)
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Lifetimes of high-spin states in Kr-76
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta Physica Polonica. Series B: Elementary Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics, Statistical Physics, Theory of Relativity, Field Theory. - 0587-4254. ; 36:4, s. 1339-1342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-spin states in Kr-76(36)40 have been populated in the Ca-40 (Ca-40,4p) Kr-76 fusion-evaporation reaction at a beam energy of 165 MeV, and studied using the GAMMASPHERE and MICROBALL multi-detector arrays. The ground-state band and two signature-split negative-parity bands of Kr-76 have been extended to similar to 30h. Lifetime measurements using the Doppler-shift attenuation method indicate that the transition quadrupole moment of these three bands decrease as they approach their maximum-spin states.
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| 6. |
- Valiente-Dobon, JJ, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for nontermination of rotational bands in Kr-74
- 2005
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 95:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three rotational bands in Kr-74 were studied up to (in one case one transition short of) the maximum spin I-max of their respective single-particle configurations. Their lifetimes have been determined using the Doppler-shift attenuation method. The deduced transition quadrupole moments reveal a modest decrease, but far from a complete loss of collectivity at the maximum spin I-max. This feature, together with the results of mean field calculations, indicates that the observed bands do not terminate at I=I-max.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Kirsebom, O. S., et al.
(författare)
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Observation of gamma-delayed 3 alpha breakup of the 15.11 and 12.71 MeV states in C-12
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 680:1, s. 44-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reactions B-10(He-3, p alpha alpha alpha) at 4.9 MeV and B-11(He-3, d alpha alpha alpha) at 8.5 MeV have been used to investigate the gamma decay of states in C-12. By measuring the four-body final state in complete kinematics we are able to detect gamma transitions indirectly. We find gamma transitions from the 15.11 MeV state in C-12 to the 12.71, 11.83, 10.3 and 7.65 MeV states followed by their breakup into three alpha particles. The relative gamma-ray branching ratios obtained are (1.2 +/- 0.3), (0.32 +/- 0.12), (1.4 +/- 0.2) and (4.4 +/- 0.8)%, respectively, with the remaining (92.7 +/- 1.0)% of the gamma decays going to the bound states. We obtain Gamma(alpha)/Gamma = (2.8 +/- 1.2)% for the isospinforbidden alpha decay of the 15.11 MeV state. From the 12.71 MeV state we find gamma transitions to the 10.3 and 7.65 MeV states. The relative gamma-ray branching ratios are (0.9(-0.5)(+0.6)) and (2.6(-1.2)(+1.6))%, respectively, with the remaining (96.6(-1.3)(+1.7))% of the gamma decays going to the bound states. Finally. we discuss the relation between the beta decay of N-12 and B-12 to states in C-12 and the gamma decay of the 15.11 MeV analog in C-12 to the same states. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Chaudhury, Asim, et al.
(författare)
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Low silicon non-grain-oriented electrical steel: Linking magnetic properties with metallurgical factors
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-8853 .- 1873-4766. ; 313:1, s. 21-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Commercial supply, from several steel manufacturers, of low-silicon non-grain-oriented electrical steel was monitored over a span of several years. A total of 51 samples were selected-selected from many hundreds on the basis of large differences in magnetic properties, but absence of significant variations in chemistry (other than differences in silicon percentage). The selected samples were analyzed for crystallographic texture and for grain size. The data were carefully analyzed to bring out the effects of metallurgical variables, namely silicon %, grain size and crystallographic texture, on the magnetic properties using explicit functional relationships as well as artificial neural network (ANN). Among the explicit relationships, power law relationship appears to offer a best fit between magnetic properties and the metallurgical factors. ANN approach to the relationship, however, brought out predicted values with least error
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- George, J., et al.
(författare)
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Integrity of detonation sprayed CrxCy-NiCr coating under exposure to thermal cycling
- 2006
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Ingår i: Advances in Applied Ceramics. - 1743-6753 .- 1743-6761. ; 105:3, s. 148-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CrxCy-NiCr coatings with thickness in the range 200-250 mu m were deposited by detonation spray coating on a nickel base superalloy (IN718) substrate and subjected to thermal cycling. Each thermal cycle involved heating to 650 degrees C, the creep temperature of the IN718 substrate, followed by a dwell and then natural cooling to ambient temperature. With thermal cycling, the bulk of the coatings experienced preferential oxidation along the splat boundaries, contributing to an increase in porosity and cracking. Despite the development of porosity and cracks, no spallation of coatings was observed even after nearly 600 thermal cycles. The microhardness of coatings did not undergo significant change, owing to oxide formation and retention of the total carbide content of Cr3C2, Cr7C3 and Cr23C6. The wear behaviour of the as sprayed and thermally cycled coated samples was evaluated in abrasive and erosive wear modes. Wear measurements on as sprayed and thermally cycled coatings showed virtually no deterioration in properties even after exposure to nearly 600 thermal cycles.
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| 13. |
- Kumar, Manoj, et al.
(författare)
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An update on the nomenclature for the cellulose synthase genes in Populus
- 2009
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Ingår i: Trends in Plant Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1360-1385 .- 1878-4372. ; 14:5, s. 248-254
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cellulose synthase (CesA) is a central catalyst in the generation of the plant cell wall biomass and is, therefore, the focus of intense research. Characterization of individual CesA genes from Populus species has led to the publication of several different naming conventions for CesA gene family members in this model tree. To help reduce the resulting confusion, we propose here a new phylogeny-based CesA nomenclature that aligns the Populus CesA gene family with the established Arabidopsis thaliana CesA family structure.
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| 14. |
- Pulugurtha, S. R., et al.
(författare)
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Mechanical and tribological properties of compositionally graded CrAlN films deposited by AC reactive magnetron sputtering
- 2007
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 202:4-7, s. 1160-1166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, CrAlN films with Al/Cr atomic ratios between 0.02 and 1.4 were deposited on tool inserts by AC magnetron sputtering at 5 kW for three different Ar/N-2 flow rates. The unique configuration of the inverted cylindrical magnetron sputtering (ICM-10) system enables the deposition of compositionally graded Cr-Al-N coatings under a single deposition condition. The effect of aluminum on the structural, mechanical and tribological properties of (CrAl)N coatings are reported and compared with ALCRONA and CrN coatings from Balzers. Mechanical properties have been evaluated by the microhardness indentation technique, and the hardness is 18 and 15 GPa for CrN and CrAlN films, respectively. The tribological tests have been performed using the pin-on-disc method at room temperature and 700 degrees C. The results indicate that the coefficient of friction at room temperature and 700 degrees C for all the deposited coatings, Balzers-ALCRONA and CrN fall between 0.4-0.6. The wear volume at high temperature (700 degrees C) decreases with increase in Al incorporation. Auger Electron Spectroscopy reveals that all films have about 10 at.% of oxygen. Atomic Force Microscopy showed that our films had roughness ranging from 80 to 150 nm. X-ray mapping on (Cr, Al)N coatings for different Ar/N-2 gas compositions showed transitions from cubic to hexagonal with decreasing nitrogen. (0 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 15. |
- Ray, A. K., et al.
(författare)
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Damage resistance of a thermal barrier coated superalloy used in aero turbine blade under accelerated creep condition
- 2009
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Ingår i: High Temperature Materials and Processes. - 0334-6455 .- 2191-0324. ; 28:1-2, s. 35-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper highlights the hot tensile and accelerated creep properties of a thermal barrier coated (TBC) AE 437A alloy used as a candidate blade material in aero engines. Acoustic emission technique has been utilised to characterise the ductile-brittle transition temperature of the bond coat. Results revealed that the DBTT (ductile to brittle transition temperature) of this bond coat is around 923 K, which is in close proximity to the value reported for NiCoCrAlY type of bond coat. Finite element technique used for analysing the equivalent stresses in the bond coat well within the elastic limit, revealed highest order of equivalent stress at 1073 K as the bond coat is ductile above 923 K. The lifetime of the TBC coated superai loy was superior to that of the bare substrate and that oxidation is likely the cause of the reduced life of the bare substrate as compared to the coated substrate while stress rupture or accelerated creep experiments are carried out in an oxidizing environment.. Delamination of the bond coat and that of the TBC at high stresses during accelerated creep was evident. During accelerated creep, the mode of fracture in the substrate at very high stresses was transgranular whereas that at low stresses was intergranular.
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| 16. |
- Ray, A. K., et al.
(författare)
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Mechanical property and characterization of a NiCoCrAlY type metallic bond coat used in turbine blade
- 2009
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Ingår i: Materials Science and Engineering A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-5093. ; 505:1-2, s. 96-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper highlights some of the results obtained while studying Ni20Co18Cr12.5Al0.6Y (NiCoCrAlY) type metallic bond-coat properties of a thermal-barrier coated (TBC), AE-437A Ni base superalloy mostly employed for manufacturing compressor and stationary stator blades in aero turbines. Experiments were mainly focused in the area of evaluation of microstructure, residual stress, shear strength, hardness and with special emphasis in establishing the ductile to brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of the bond coat by using acoustic emission technique during room temperature and high temperature tensile tests. Results reveal that the residual stress was tensile in nature in the TBC layer and compressive in the bond coat as well as in the substrate. The DBTT of this bond coat is around 650 °C, which is in close proximity to the value reported in literature for CoCrAlY type of bond coat. Finite element technique was used to analyze the equivalent stresses in the bond coat, the result of which revealed the highest order of equivalent stress 800 °C, as the bond coat is ductile above 650 °C. Shear strength of the bond coat is in close proximity with that of the bond strength reported in literature for CoCrAlY and Ni22Co17Cr12.5Al0.6Y types of bond coat. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 17. |
- Richards, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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The genome of the model beetle and pest Tribolium castaneum.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nature. - 1476-4687. ; 452:7190, s. 949-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tribolium castaneum is a representative of earth’s most numerous eukaryotic order, a powerful model organism for the study of generalized insect development, and also an important pest of stored agricultural products. We describe its genome sequence here. This omnivorous beetle has evolved an ability to interact with a diverse chemical environment as evidenced by large expansions in odorant and gustatory receptors, as well as p450 and other detoxification enzymes. Developmental patterns in Tribolium are more representative of other arthropods than those found in Drosophila, a fact represented in gene content and function. For one, Tribolium has retained more ancestral genes involved in cell-cell communication than Drosophila, and some are expressed in the growth zone crucial for axial elongation in short germ development. Systemic RNAi in T. castaneum appears to use mechanisms distinct from those found in C. elegans, but nevertheless offers similar power for the elucidation of gene function and identification of targets for selective insect control.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Soma Raju, K. R. C., et al.
(författare)
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Electro-spark coatings for enhanced performance of twist drills
- 2008
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 202:9, s. 1636-1644
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surface engineering approaches are being increasingly employed for enhancing the effective life of twist drills with a view to reduce machining costs. The electro-spark coating (ESC) technique provides a promising means of depositing wear resistant coatings that can potentially enhance the performance of these tools. However, it is often necessary to also optimize the machining conditions for coated tools to achieve an enhanced tool life. In the present investigation, varying spindle speeds were employed at a fixed vertical feed to evaluate the performance of WC-8Co ESC coated HSS drills in comparison to bare HSS drills. The number of holes drilled before reaching a preset average flank wear (0.5 mm), or catastrophic failure of the drill, was taken as the measure of tool life. The drill flank wear, monitored at regular intervals, as well as the cutting torque and thrust measured for all holes, were considered to be the key criteria for optimizing the cutting conditions. Results indicate that the WC-8Co coated drill tool life can be increased by a factor of more than 5, depending on the machining conditions selected. Furthermore, flank wear of the drill was found to increase rapidly at the end of drill life. Cutting torque data was also found to provide a useful indicator for predicting the end of tool life. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 20. |
- Sudharshan Phani, P., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of process parameters and heat treatments on properties of cold sprayed copper coatings
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of thermal spray technology (Print). - 1059-9630 .- 1544-1016. ; 16:3, s. 425-434
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cold gas dynamic spraying or cold spray is specifically suitable to obtain high-conductivity copper coatings for a variety of applications. Copper coatings at different coating parameters were deposited and subjected to various post treatments. The effect of process parameters and the treatment conditions on coating properties such as electrical conductivity, porosity, microhardness etc., was studied. The as-coated specimens exhibited low conductivities and conductivity was found to improve with heat treatment. Treatments were carried out in vacuum at different temperatures and for different durations and conductivities close to bulk annealed copper were achieved. Good correlation was observed between the conductivity, porosity and hardness of the as-coated and heat-treated specimens. Similar correlations were observed between conductivity-porosity and hardness-porosity of the coatings and the relative influence of cold work and porosity on coating properties was determined. © ASM International 2007.
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| 21. |
- Sumitran-Holgersson, S, et al.
(författare)
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Generation of hepatocyte-like cells from in vitro transdifferentiated human fetal pancreas
- 2009
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Ingår i: Cell transplantation. - : SAGE Publications. - 0963-6897 .- 1555-3892. ; 18:2, s. 183-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the appearance of hepatic foci in the pancreas has been described in animal experiments and in human pathology, evidence for the conversion of human pancreatic cells to liver cells is still lacking. We therefore investigated the developmental plasticity between human embryonic pancreatic cells and liver cells. Cells were isolated and expanded from 7–8-week-old human fetal pancreata (HFP) and were characterized for the absence and presence of pancreatic and hepatic markers. In vitro expanded HFP were treated with fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and dexamethasone (DX) to induce a liver phenotye in the cells. These treated cells in various passages were further studied for their capacity to be functional in hepatic parenchyma following retrorsine-induced injury in nude C57 black mice. Amylase- and EPCAM-positive-enriched cells isolated from HFP and treated with FGF2 and DX lost expression of pancreatic markers and gained a liver phenotype. Hepatic differentiation was based on the expression (both at the mRNA and protein level) of liver markers albumin and cytokeratin 19. When transplanted in vivo into nude mice treated with retrorsine, both cell types successfully engrafted and functionally differentiated into hepatic cells expressing human albumin, glycogen, dipeptidyl peptidase, and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase. These data indicate that human fetal pancreatic cells have a capacity to alter their gene expression profile in response to exogenous treatment with FGF2 and DX. It may be possible to generate an unlimited supply of hepatocytes in vitro for cell therapy.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Zargar, S. T., et al.
(författare)
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RRNA : Reliable soft real-time network aware grid scheduling algorithm using round trip time
- 2009
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Ingår i: Spring Simulation Multiconference 2009 - Co-located with the 2009 SISO Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assigning jobs to optimum resources in a grid environment is the main aim of a grid scheduler. Communication cost has always been an important issue in grid environments. Proposing new scheduling algorithms to consider this cost accurately and allocate jobs to an optimum resource efficiently has always been of great importance. In this paper we have proposed a grid scheduling algorithm that is aware of the costs for different network paths.We have also considered soft realtime characteristics of jobs in our proposed algorithm. We have simulated and compared our algorithm with some key scheduling algorithms such as Least Load First (LLF), Random, and First Come First Served (FCFS) in Gridsim by considering soft real-time jobs. Results show the superiority of our scheduling algorithm due to its ability to predict network cost and to satisfy the demands of soft real-time tasks.
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