| 1. |
- Mol, Femke, et al.
(författare)
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The ESEP study: salpingostomy versus salpingectomy for tubal ectopic pregnancy; the impact on future fertility: a randomised controlled trial.
- 2008
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Ingår i: BMC women's health. - London : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6874. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For most tubal ectopic pregnancies (EP) surgery is the treatment of first choice. Whether surgical treatment should be performed conservatively (salpingostomy) or radically (salpingectomy) in women wishing to preserve their reproductive capacity, is subject to debate. Salpingostomy preserves the tube, but bears the risks of both persistent trophoblast and repeat ipsilateral tubal EP. Salpingectomy, avoids these risks, but leaves only one tube for reproductive capacity. This study aims to reveal the trade-off between both surgical options: whether the potential advantage of salpingostomy, i.e. a better fertility prognosis as compared to salpingectomy, outweighs the potential disadvantages, i.e. persistent trophoblast and an increased risk for a repeat EP.
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| 2. |
- Sladkevicius, Povilas, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrasound imaging in reproductive medicine
- 2012
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Ingår i: Gynaecological Ultrasound in Clinical Practice : Ultrasound Imaging in the Management of Gynaecological Conditions - Ultrasound Imaging in the Management of Gynaecological Conditions. - 9781107784703 - 9781904752295 ; , s. 91-106
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One in six couples seeks help for infertility during their reproductive years. Subfertility investigations should be performed without delays (because female fertility decreases with age) and should be as noninvasive as possible. Many fertility clinics use diagnostic hysteroscopy to assess the uterine cavity and evaluate the tubal ostia. Laparoscopy is also often used to examine internal pelvic organs and to assess tubal patency. However, both hysteroscopy and laparoscopy are invasive and expensive tests which could be replaced by transvaginal ultrasound examination. Simplified ultrasound-based infertility investigation protocols have been described. The concept of a ‘pivotal’ pelvic ultrasound examination includes an examination of the uterus and uterine cavity, endometrium, ovarian morphology and follicular size, blood flow in the uterus and ovaries and hystero-contrast sonography (HyCoSy) to check tubal patency, all performed at the same examination. The late preovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle (days 8–12) is usually suggested as the optimal time to perform these examinations. Most studies involving the ultrasound techniques referred to in this chapter are classified as evidence grade B. The aim of the pivotal scan is to assess the uterus, endometrium, fallopian tubes and ovaries. Ultrasound examination is as effective a diagnostic test as hysteroscopy or laparoscopy for the diagnosis of uterine abnormalities. Normal findings at ultrasound examination of the uterus and endometrium are described in Chapter 2. Uterine size and shape may be affected by ade-nomyosis or fibroids. The shape of the uterus can be also be distorted by congenital uterine anomalies.
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| 3. |
- Timmerman, Dirk, et al.
(författare)
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Inclusion of CA-125 does not improve mathematical models developed to distinguish between benign and malignant adnexal tumors
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 1527-7755. ; 25:27, s. 4194-4200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose To test the value of serum CA-125 measurements alone or as part of a multimodal strategy to distinguish between malignant and benign ovarian tumors before surgery based on a large prospective multicenter study (International Ovarian Tumor Analysis). Patients and Methods Patients with at least one persistent ovarian mass preoperatively underwent transvaginal ultrasonography using gray scale imaging to assess tumor morphology and color Doppler imaging to obtain indices of blood flow. Results Data from 809 patients recruited from nine centers were included in the analysis; 567 patients (70%) had benign tumors and 242 (30%) had malignant tumors - of these 152 were primary invasive (62.8%), 52 were borderline malignant (21.5%), and 38 were metastatic (15.7%). A logistic regression model including CA-125 (M2) resulted in an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.934 and did not outperform a published (M1) without serum CA-125 information (AUC, 0.936). Specifically designed new models including CA-125 for premenopausal women (M3) and for postmenopausal women (M4) did not perform significantly better than the model without CA-125 ( M1; AUC, 0.891 v AUC, 0.911 and AUC, 0.975 v AUC, 0.949, respectively). In postmenopausal patients, serum CA-125 alone (AUC, 0.920) and the risk of malignancy index (AUC, 0.924) performed very well. Results were very similar when the models were prospectively tested on a group of 345 new patients with adnexal masses of whom 126 had malignant tumors (37%). Conclusion Adding information on CA-125 to clinical information and ultrasound information does not improve discrimination of mathematical models between benign and malignant adnexal masses.
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| 4. |
- Valentin, Lil, et al.
(författare)
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The risk of malignancy in unilocular cysts: a study on 1148 adnexal masses classified as unilocular cysts at transvaginal scan with review of the literature.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology. - : Wiley. - 1469-0705 .- 0960-7692. ; 41:1, s. 80-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To estimate the rate of malignancy in adnexal lesions described as unilocular cysts at transvaginal ultrasound examination, to investigate if there are differences in clinical and ultrasound characteristics between benign and malignant unilocular cysts. Methods: 3511 patients with an adnexal mass underwent transvaginal ultrasound examination between 1999 and 2007. The sonologists used the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis terms and definitions to describe their ultrasound findings. Gold standard was the histopathological diagnosis of the mass. Results: Of the 3511 masses, 1148 (33%) were classified as unilocular cysts at scan. Of these, 11 i.e. 0.96 % (95%CI 0.48-1.71) were malignant. The malignancy rate was lower in pre- than post-menopausal women: 0.54% (5/931) (0.17-1.25) versus 2.76% (6/217) (1.02-5.92), P = 0.009. More patients with malignant unilocular cysts had a personal history of breast cancer (18% versus 2%, P = 0.02) or ovarian cancer (18% versus 0.6%, P = 0.003). Hemorrhagic cyst contents at scan was more common in malignant than benign unilocular cysts (18% versus 2%, P = 0.03). In seven of the 11 malignancies judged to be unilocular cysts at scan, papillary projections or other solid components were seen at macroscopic inspection of the surgical specimen. Conclusions: The malignancy rate in surgically removed adnexal lesions judged to be unilocular cysts at transvaginal scan is around 1%. Postmenopausal status, personal history of breast or ovarian cancer and hemorrhagic cyst contents at scan increase the risk of malignancy. To avoid misclassifying adnexal lesions as unilocular cysts at scan, it is important to scrutinize unilocular cysts for the presence of solid components. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 5. |
- Van Calster, Ben, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel Approach to Predict the Likelihood of Specific Ovarian Tumor Pathology Based on Serum CA-125: A Multicenter Observational Study.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. - 1538-7755. ; 20, s. 2420-2428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The CA-125 tumor marker has limitations when used to distinguish between benign and malignant ovarian masses. We therefore establish likelihood curves of six subgroups of ovarian pathology based on CA-125 and menopausal status.METHODS: This cross-sectional study conducted by the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis group involved 3,511 patients presenting with a persistent adnexal mass that underwent surgical intervention. CA-125 distributions for six tumor subgroups (endometriomas and abscesses, other benign tumors, borderline tumors, stage I invasive cancers, stage II-IV invasive cancers, and metastatic tumors) were estimated using kernel density estimation with stratification for menopausal status. Likelihood curves for the tumor subgroups were derived from the distributions.RESULTS: Endometriomas and abscesses were the only benign pathologies with median CA-125 levels above 20 U/mL (43 and 45, respectively). Borderline and invasive stage I tumors had relatively low median CA-125 levels (29 and 81 U/mL, respectively). The CA-125 distributions of stage II-IV invasive cancers and benign tumors other than endometriomas or abscesses were well separated; the distributions of the other subgroups overlapped substantially. This held for premenopausal and postmenopausal patients. Likelihood curves and reference tables comprehensibly show how subgroup likelihoods change with CA-125 and menopausal status.Conclusions and Impact: Our results confirm the limited clinical value of CA-125 for preoperative discrimination between benign and malignant ovarian pathology. We have shown that CA-125 may be used in a different way. By using likelihood reference tables, we believe clinicians will be better able to interpret preoperative serum CA-125 results in patients with adnexal masses. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; ©2011 AACR.
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| 6. |
- Van Calster, Ben, et al.
(författare)
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Discrimination between benign and malignant adnexal masses by specialist ultrasound examination versus serum CA-125
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2105 .- 0027-8874. ; 99:22, s. 1706-1714
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Subjective evaluation of gray-scale and Doppler ultrasound findings (i. e., pattern recognition) by an experienced examiner and preoperative serum levels of CA-125 can both discriminate benign from malignant adnexal ( i. e., ovarian, paraovarian, or tubal) masses. We compared the diagnostic performance of these methods in a large multicenter study. Methods In a prospective multicenter study-the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis-1066 women with a persistent adnexal mass underwent transvaginal gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasound examinations by an experienced examiner within 120 days of surgery. Pattern recognition was used to classify a mass as benign or malignant. Of these women, 809 also had blood collected preoperatively for measurement of serum CA-125. Various levels of CA-125 were used as cutoffs to classify masses. Results from both assays were then compared with histologic findings after surgery. Results Pattern recognition correctly classified 93% (95% confidence interval [CI]=90.9% to 94.6%) of the tumors as benign or malignant. Serum CA-125 correctly classified at best 83% ( 95% CI=80.3% to 85.6%) of the masses. Histologic diagnoses that were most often misclassified by CA-125 were fibroma, endometrioma, and abscess ( false-positive results) and borderline tumor ( false-negative results). Pattern recognition correctly classified 86% ( 95% CI=81.1% to 90.4%) of masses of these four histologic types as being benign or malignant, whereas a serum CA-125 at a cutoff of 30 U/mL correctly classified 41% ( 95% CI=34.4% to 47.5%) of them. Pattern recognition assigned a correct specific histologic diagnosis to 333 (59%, 95% CI=54.5% to 62.8%) of the 567 benign lesions. Conclusion Pattern recognition was superior to serum CA-125 for discrimination between benign and malignant adnexal masses.
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| 7. |
- Van Holsbeke, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrasound Experience Substantially Impacts on Diagnostic Performance and Confidence when Adnexal Masses Are Classified Using Pattern Recognition
- 2010
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-002X .- 0378-7346. ; 69:3, s. 160-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To determine how accurately and confidently examiners with different levels of ultrasound experience can classify adnexal masses as benign or malignant and suggest a specific histological diagnosis when evaluating ultrasound images using pattern recognition. Methods: Ultrasound images of selected adnexal masses were evaluated by 3 expert sonologists, 2 senior and 4 junior trainees. They were instructed to classify the masses using pattern recognition as benign or malignant, to state the level of confidence with which this classification was made and to suggest a specific histological diagnosis. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR-) with regard to malignancy were calculated. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of pattern recognition was calculated by using six levels of diagnostic confidence. Results: 166 masses were examined, of which 42% were malignant. Sensitivity with regard to malignancy ranged from 80 to 86% for the experts, was 70 and 84% for the 2 senior trainees and ranged from 70 to 86% for the junior trainees. The specificity of the experts ranged from 79 to 91%, was 77 and 89% for the senior trainees and ranged from 59 to 83% for the junior trainees. The experts were uncertain about their diagnosis in 4-13% of the cases, the senior trainees in 15-20% and the junior trainees in 67-100% of the cases. The AUCs ranged from 0.861 to 0.922 for the experts, were 0.842 and 0.855 for the senior trainees, and ranged from 0.726 to 0.795 for the junior trainees. The experts suggested a correct specific histological diagnosis in 69-77% of the cases. All 6 trainees did so significantly less often (22-42% of the cases). Conclusion: Expert sonologists can accurately classify adnexal masses as benign or malignant and can successfully predict the specific histological diagnosis in many cases. Whilst less experienced operators perform reasonably well when predicting the benign or malignant nature of the mass, they do so with a very low level of diagnostic confidence and are unable to state the likely histology of a mass in most cases. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel
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