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Changing Social Equality : The Nordic welfare model in the 21st century
- 2012
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Changing social equality through state policies was perhaps the greatest legacy of the twentieth century. The Nordic countries in particular have been able to raise living standards and curb inequalities without compromising economic growth. But with social inequalities on the rise, how do they fare when compared with countries with alternative welfare models, such as the UK, the Netherlands and Germany? Taking a comparative perspective, this book casts light on the changing inequalities in Europe. Contributions from experts in a range of fields examine the causes, direction and impact of changes, investigating whether support for egalitarian policies is diminishing and whether policies are becoming less effective at reducing inequalities. The book demonstrates how the Nordic countries seem to be on a track that will eventually lead to a welfare model where ‘some are more equal than others’.
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| 3. |
- Fritzell, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-Temporal and Cross-National Poverty and Mortality Rates among Developed Countries
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental and Public health. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-9805 .- 1687-9813. ; 2013
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A prime objective of welfare state activities is to take action to enhance population health and to decrease mortality risks. For several centuries, poverty has been seen as a key social risk factor in these respects. Consequently, the fight against poverty has historically been at the forefront of public health and social policy. The relationship between relative poverty rates and population health indicators is less self-evident, notwithstanding the obvious similarity to the debated topic of the relationship between population health and income inequality. In this study we undertake a comparative analysis of the relationship between relative poverty and mortality across 26 countries over time, with pooled cross-sectional time series analysis. We utilize data from the Luxembourg Income Study to construct age-specific poverty rates across countries and time covering the period from around 1980 to 2005, merged with data on age- and gender-specific mortality data from the Human Mortality Database. Our results suggest not only an impact of relative poverty but also clear differences by welfare regime that partly goes beyond the well-known differences in poverty rates between welfare regimes.
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| 5. |
- Kvist, Jon, et al.
(författare)
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Nordic responses to rising inequalities : still pursuing a distinct path or joining the rest?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Changing Social Equality. - Bristol : Policy Press. - 184742659X ; , s. 201-205
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Whether the Nordic countries have stemmed the international tide of inequality better, worse or merely different from other Western countries is the question addressed in this final chapter. Applying the results of the analysis in the previous chapters, this chapter prepares trends across different aspects of inequality and the Nordic welfare model. The findings point towards a complex transformation of the Nordic welfare model. The overall aim of motivating individuals and helping them find work, form families and excel in society may be intact. However, the mix of policies has become ambiguous in relation to the aims of promoting individuals' agency and protecting their level of living outside work. At the same time, rewarding employment is becoming more dominant.
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| 6. |
- Palme, Joakim, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Poverty and income distribution in the Nordic countries
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Nordic Welfare State- A Basic Reader. - Shanghai : The Nordic Centre, Fudan University. - 9787309072327 ; , s. 179-196
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Surakka, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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A Genome-Wide Screen for Interactions Reveals a New Locus on 4p15 Modifying the Effect of Waist-to-Hip Ratio on Total Cholesterol
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLoS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 7:10, s. e1002333-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent genome-wide association (GWA) studies described 95 loci controlling serum lipid levels. These common variants explain similar to 25% of the heritability of the phenotypes. To date, no unbiased screen for gene-environment interactions for circulating lipids has been reported. We screened for variants that modify the relationship between known epidemiological risk factors and circulating lipid levels in a meta-analysis of genome-wide association (GWA) data from 18 population-based cohorts with European ancestry (maximum N = 32,225). We collected 8 further cohorts (N = 17,102) for replication, and rs6448771 on 4p15 demonstrated genome-wide significant interaction with waist-to-hip-ratio (WHR) on total cholesterol (TC) with a combined P-value of 4.79 x 10(-9). There were two potential candidate genes in the region, PCDH7 and CCKAR, with differential expression levels for rs6448771 genotypes in adipose tissue. The effect of WHR on TC was strongest for individuals carrying two copies of G allele, for whom a one standard deviation (sd) difference in WHR corresponds to 0.19 sd difference in TC concentration, while for A allele homozygous the difference was 0.12 sd. Our findings may open up possibilities for targeted intervention strategies for people characterized by specific genomic profiles. However, more refined measures of both body-fat distribution and metabolic measures are needed to understand how their joint dynamics are modified by the newly found locus.
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