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- Woll, Petter S, et al.
(författare)
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Myelodysplastic Syndromes Are Propagated by Rare and Distinct Human Cancer Stem Cells In Vivo.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cancer Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-3686 .- 1535-6108. ; 25:6, s. 794-808
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence for distinct human cancer stem cells (CSCs) remains contentious and the degree to which different cancer cells contribute to propagating malignancies in patients remains unexplored. In low- to intermediate-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), we establish the existence of rare multipotent MDS stem cells (MDS-SCs), and their hierarchical relationship to lineage-restricted MDS progenitors. All identified somatically acquired genetic lesions were backtracked to distinct MDS-SCs, establishing their distinct MDS-propagating function in vivo. In isolated del(5q)-MDS, acquisition of del(5q) preceded diverse recurrent driver mutations. Sequential analysis in del(5q)-MDS revealed genetic evolution in MDS-SCs and MDS-progenitors prior to leukemic transformation. These findings provide definitive evidence for rare human MDS-SCs in vivo, with extensive implications for the targeting of the cells required and sufficient for MDS-propagation.
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- Grövdal, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Maintenance treatment with azacytidine for patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or acute myeloid leukaemia following MDS in complete remission after induction chemotherapy
- 2010
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Ingår i: British Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0007-1048 .- 1365-2141. ; 150:3, s. 293-302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This prospective Phase II study is the first to assess the feasibility and efficacy of maintenance 5-azacytidine for older patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia and MDS-acute myeloid leukaemia syndromes in complete remission (CR) after induction chemotherapy. Sixty patients were enrolled and treated by standard induction chemotherapy. Patients that reached CR started maintenance therapy with subcutaneous azacytidine, 5/28 d until relapse. Promoter-methylation status of CDKN2B (P15 ink4b), CDH1 and HIC1 was examined pre-induction, in CR and 6, 12 and 24 months post CR. Twenty-four (40%) patients achieved CR after induction chemotherapy and 23 started maintenance treatment with azacytidine. Median CR duration was 13.5 months, >24 months in 17% of the patients, and 18-30.5 months in the four patients with trisomy 8. CR duration was not associated with CDKN2B methylation status or karyotype. Median overall survival was 20 months. Hypermethylation of CDH1 was significantly associated with low CR rate, early relapse, and short overall survival (P = 0.003). 5-azacytidine treatment, at a dose of 60 mg/m(2) was well tolerated. Grade III-IV thrombocytopenia and neutropenia occurred after 9.5 and 30% of the cycles, respectively, while haemoglobin levels increased during treatment. 5-azacytidine treatment is safe, feasible and may be of benefit in a subset of patients.
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- Jafari, V., et al.
(författare)
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Construction and demolition lignocellulosic wastes to bioethanol
- 2011
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Ingår i: Renewable Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 36:11, s. 2771-2775
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work deals with conversion of four construction and demolition (C&D) lignocellulosic wastes including OSB, chipboard, plywood, and wallpaper to ethanol by separate enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). Similar to other lignocelluloses, the wastes were resistant to the enzymatic hydrolysis, in which only up to 7% of their cellulose was hydrolyzed. Therefore, the lignocellulosic wastes were treated with phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide, or N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO), which resulted in improving the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis to 38.2-94.6% of the theoretical yield. The best performance was obtained after pretreatment by concentrated phosphoric acid, followed by NMMO. The pretreated and hydrolyzed C&D wastes were then successfully fermented by baker's yeast to ethanol with 70.5-84.2% of the theoretical yields. The results indicate the possibility of producing 160 ml ethanol from each kg of the C&D wastes at the best conditions.
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- Niasar, H. S., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of lime pretreatment on biogas production from dry dairy cattle manure
- 2011
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Ingår i: Minerva Biotecnologica. - 1120-4826. ; 23:4, s. 77-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. The main goal of the current study was improvement of biogas production from cattle manure with Ca(OH)(2) pretreatment. Methods. Effects of temperature (20 degrees C and 60 degrees C), time (10 min, 2, and 12 h), and pH (9, 10, 11, and 12) on liming of the manure on biogas production was investigated. Cattle manure treated at different alkali conditions was subjected to anaerobic digestion and the methane produced during 45 days was measured. Results. The results showed that alkaline treatment at 20 degrees C did not affect the biogas production, while the manure treated at 60 degrees C produced more methane than the untreated one. The biogas production was increased by increasing the pH and treatment time. Maximum improvement in methane production was achieved by pretreatment at pH 12 for 12 h, and resulted in 225 ml CH4/g VS which was 76% higher than the methane yield obtained from untreated manure. The analysis of the treated and untreated manure showed that the alkali treatment eliminated 22.7% of the total lignin. Lignin removal may be the reason of improvement in digestibility of the manure and consequently the yield of biogas Conclusion. Lime pretreatment is a promising method for improvement of biogas production from cattle manure.
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- Pistidda, C., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of the Partial Replacement of CaH2 with CaF2 in the Mixed System CaH2 + MgB2
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 118:49, s. 28409-28417
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work the effect of a partial replacement of CaH2 with CaF2 on the sorption properties of the system CaH2 + MgB2 has been studied. The first five hydrogen absorption and four desorption reactions of the CaH2 + MgB2 and 3CaH(2) + CaF2 + 4MgB(2) systems were investigated by means of volumetric measurements, high-pressure differential scanning calorimetric technique (HP-DSC), B-11 and 19F MAS NMR spectroscopy, and in situ synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction (SR-PXD). It was observed that already during the mixing of the reactants formation of a nonstoichiometric CaF2-xHx solid solution takes place. Formation of the CaF2-xHx solid solution sensibly affects the overall hydrogen sorption reactions of the system CaH2 + MgB2.
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- Poornejad, Nafiseh, et al.
(författare)
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Improvement of Ethanol Production from Spruce by Solvent Pretreatment
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lignocelluloses are abundant and inexpensive resources that can be used for production of bioethanol. However, these materials, especially softwoods, are resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis and a pretreatment process is necessary for efficient conversion to ethanol. The pretreatment is intended to render the cellulose amenable to enzymatic hydrolysis and subsequent fermentation to bioethanol. Several methods has been suggested for the pretreatment of lignocelluloses. The pretreatment with cellulose solvents are among the promising methods since they can perform in mild processing conditions. N-Methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) is among the industrial solvents which can dissolve cellulose by breaking intermolecular interactions. NMMO is nowadays used in the industrial Lyocell process, which is one of the modern and environmentally friendly industrial fiber-making technologies. It does not produce any toxic waste pollutants, and can be recovered over 98%. The pretreatment of lignocellulose by NMMO can modify the crystal structure of cellulose. In the current work a commercial grade 50% (W/W) NMMO solution was used for pretreatment of spruce. The NMMO solution was concentrated by vacuum evaporation to 85% NMMO. The pretreatment performed at 120ºC for 3 h. The pretreated wood species were then regenerated by addition of boiling distilled water, followed by vacuum filtration and washing. The pretreated and untreated spruce species were enzymatically hydrolyzed by commercial cellulase (celluclast 1.5L, Novozyme, Denmark) and Β-glucosidase (Novozyme 188, Novozyme, Denmark) at 45ºC for 96h. A thermotolerant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used for fermentation. Inoculum was aerobically cultivated at 30 °C and 120 rpm for 24 h. The enzymatic hydrolyzate was supplemented with necessary nutrient and fermented by the yeast for 24h at 30 °C and 120 rpm. The liquid samples were analyzed by HPLC. The results showed that the yield of ethanol increased from 7.2 g/g to 77 g/g, when the wood treated with the solvent. Formation of glycerol and other metabolites were also detected and discussed. It can be concluded that the method can be a promising alternative for pretreatment of softwoods for bioethanol production.
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