| 1. |
- Kanter-Smoler, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Novel findings in Swedish patients with MYH-associated polyposis: mutation detection and clinical characterization
- 2006
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Ingår i: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. - : Elsevier BV. - 1542-3565. ; 4:4, s. 499-506
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: Biallelic mutations in the base-excision repair gene MYH have recently been associated with recessive inheritance of multiple colorectal adenomas. An investigation and characterization of MYH mutations in Swedish patients were therefore carried out. METHODS: A set of 15 unrelated adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)-mutation negative patients from the Swedish Polyposis Registry was screened for germline mutations in the MYH gene. The patients were clinically characterized and compared with 43 APC-mutation positive probands diagnosed during the same period. RESULTS: Disease-causing biallelic MYH mutations were identified in 6 patients (40%). The mean age at diagnosis was 47.8 years versus 34.1 years in APC-mutation positive patients (P = .015). Colorectal cancer at diagnosis of polyposis was present in 67% (4/6) of the patients, and all were right-sided, compared with only 19% versus 12.5% right-sided cancer in APC-mutation positive patients. Upper gastrointestinal manifestations were diagnosed in 1 of 5 compared with 23 of 27 in APC-mutation positive patients (odds ratio, 23; 95% confidence interval, 2-263; P = .0086). One family exhibited apparent dominant inheritance of colorectal adenomatous polyposis. Two new pathogenic mutations, MYH p.G175E and p.P391L, were identified. The mutations are argued to introduce profound changes in substrate-recognizing domains of the protein. CONCLUSIONS: Biallelic MYH mutations, including 2 novel mutations, were found in a substantial number of the patients with multiple colorectal adenomas who were negative for APC-mutation. The examined MYH-mutation positive patients were found to have higher risks of colorectal cancer at diagnosis, right-sided location of cancers, and a significantly lower incidence of upper gastrointestinal manifestations, compared with APC-mutation positive patients.
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| 2. |
- Karlsson, Christofer, et al.
(författare)
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SufA of the opportunistic pathogen finegoldia magna modulates actions of the antibacterial chemokine MIG/CXCL9, promoting bacterial survival during epithelial inflammation.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Journal of biological chemistry. - 1083-351X .- 0021-9258. ; 284:43, s. 29499-508
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The anaerobic bacterium Finegoldia magna is part of the human commensal microbiota, but is also an important opportunistic pathogen. This bacterium expresses a subtilisin-like serine proteinase, SufA, which partially degrade the antibacterial chemokine MIG/CXCL9. Here, we show that MIG/CXCL9 is produced by human keratinocytes in response to inflammatory stimuli. In contrast to the virulent human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes, the presence of F. magna had no enhancing effect on the MIG/CXCL9 expression by keratinocytes, suggesting poor detection of the latter by pathogen-recognition receptors. When MIG/CXCL9 was exposed to SufA-expressing F. magna, the molecule was processed into several smaller fragments. Analysis by mass spectrometry showed that SufA cleaves MIG/CXCL9 at several sites in the COOH-terminal region of the molecule. At equimolar concentrations, SufA-generated MIG/CXCL9 fragments were not bactericidal against F. magna, but retained their ability to kill S. pyogenes. Moreover, the SufA-generated MIG/CXCL9 fragments were capable of activating the angiostasis-mediating CXCR3 receptor, which is expressed on endothelial cells, in an order of magnitude similar to that of intact MIG/CXCL9. F. magna expresses a surface protein called FAF that is released from the bacterial surface by SufA. Soluble FAF was found to bind and inactivate the antibacterial activity of MIG/CXCL9, thereby further potentially promoting the survival of F. magna. The findings suggest that SufA modulation of the inflammatory response could be a mechanism playing an important role in creating an ecologic niche for F. magna, decreasing antibacterial activity and suppressing angiogenesis, thus providing advantage in survival for this anaerobic opportunist compared with competing pathogens during inflammation.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Maria, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Differential global gene expression response patterns of human endothelium exposed to shear stress and intraluminal pressure
- 2005
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Ingår i: J Vasc Res. - : S. Karger AG. - 1018-1172. ; 42:5, s. 441-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the global gene expression response of endothelium exposed to shear stress and intraluminal pressure and tested the hypothesis that the two biomechanical forces induce a differential gene expression response pattern. Intact living human conduit vessels (umbilical veins) were exposed to normal or high intraluminal pressure, or to low or high shear stress in combination with a physiological level of the other force in a unique vascular ex vivo perfusion system. Gene expression profiling was performed by the Affymetrix microarray technology on endothelial cells isolated from stimulated vessels. Biomechanical forces were found to regulate a very large number of genes in the vascular endothelium. In this study, 1,825 genes were responsive to mechanical forces, which corresponds to 17% of the expressed genes. Among pressure-responsive genes, 647 genes were upregulated and 519 genes were down regulated, and of shear stress-responsive genes, 133 genes were upregulated and 771 down regulated. The fraction of genes that responded to both pressure and shear stimulation was surprisingly low, only 13% of the regulated genes. Our results indicate that the two different stimuli induce distinct gene expression response patterns, which can also be observed when studying functional groups. Considering the low number of overlapping genes, we suggest that the endothelial cells can distinguish between shear stress and pressure stimulation.
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| 4. |
- Bergman, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide linkage scan for breast cancer susceptibility loci in Swedish hereditary non-BRCA1/2 families : Suggestive linkage to 10q23.32-q25.3
- 2007
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Ingår i: Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1045-2257 .- 1098-2264. ; 46:3, s. 302-309
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The two breast cancer genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 were identified more than 10 years ago and, depending on population, mutations in these genes are responsible for a varying percentage of familial breast cancer. In more than half the families, the increased risk of breast cancer cannot be explained by mutations in these genes, and the goal of this study was to locate novel susceptibility genes. One of the main difficulties in identifying the cause of hereditary non-BRCA1/BRCA2 breast cancer is genetic heterogeneity, possibly due to multiple, incompletely penetrant susceptibility genes, along with ethnic and geographic differences. In this study, one large family and 13 small to medium-sized families with multiple cases of breast cancer were analyzed by genome-wide linkage analysis. The genome scan was performed by genotype analysis of 10,000 SNP markers on microarrays. The strongest evidence of linkage (HLOD 2.34) was obtained on chromosome region 10q23.32-q25.3. A further two regions were identified, with LOD scores above 2.10 on 12q14-q21 and 19p13.3-q12. In a subset of families of western Swedish origin, two regions generated LOD scores exceeding 1.8: 10q23.32-q25.3 and 19q13.12-q13.32. The large family in the study exceeded LOD 1.5 in three regions: 10q23.32-q25.3, 19q13.12-q13.32, and 17p13. Our results indicate that one or more of the suggested regions may harbor genes that are involved in the development of breast cancer.
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| 5. |
- Doroudi, Roya, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Methodological studies of multiple reference genes as endogenous controls in vascular gene expression studies
- 2005
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Ingår i: Endothelium. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1062-3329 .- 1029-2373. ; 12:5-6, s. 215-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Detection and quantification of differentially expressed genes requires valid and reliable references to control for error variability introduced by preparatory procedures or efficiency of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification conditions. So-called housekeeping genes are frequently used as endogenous standards, based on the assumption that they are constitutively expressed and independent of experimental conditions. However, if the influence of experimental stimuli is to be analyzed, it cannot a priori be assumed that their expression is unaffected by stimulation. In the present study, the authors studied the expression of different housekeeping genes in the vascular endothelium of intact conduit vessels perfused in a unique biomechanical perfusion model. Ten control gene candidates were investigated by microarray expression analysis. Further, five of these genes were systematically analyzed by real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR gene quantification and their suitability as reference genes were evaluated. On the basis of these findings, the authors suggest criteria for evaluation of endogenous control genes in vascular perfusion studies.
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| 6. |
- Egesten, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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SpeB of Streptococcus pyogenes differentially modulates antibacterial and receptor activating properties of human chemokines.
- 2009
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Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 4:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: CXC chemokines are induced by inflammatory stimuli in epithelial cells and some, like MIG/CXCL9, IP-10/CXCL10 and I-TAC/CXCL11, are antibacterial for Streptococcus pyogenes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: SpeB from S. pyogenes degrades a wide range of chemokines (i.e. IP10/CXCL10, I-TAC/CXCL11, PF4/CXCL4, GROalpha/CXCL1, GRObeta/CXCL2, GROgamma/CXCL3, ENA78/CXCL5, GCP-2/CXCL6, NAP-2/CXCL7, SDF-1/CXCL12, BCA-1/CXCL13, BRAK/CXCL14, SRPSOX/CXCL16, MIP-3alpha/CCL20, Lymphotactin/XCL1, and Fractalkine/CX3CL1), has no activity on IL-8/CXCL8 and RANTES/CCL5, partly degrades SRPSOX/CXCL16 and MIP-3alpha/CCL20, and releases a 6 kDa CXCL9 fragment. CXCL10 and CXCL11 loose receptor activating and antibacterial activities, while the CXCL9 fragment does not activate the receptor CXCR3 but retains its antibacterial activity. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: SpeB destroys most of the signaling and antibacterial properties of chemokines expressed by an inflamed epithelium. The exception is CXCL9 that preserves its antibacterial activity after hydrolysis, emphasizing its role as a major antimicrobial on inflamed epithelium.
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| 7. |
- Einbeigi, Zakaria, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Occurrence of both breast and ovarian cancer in a woman is a marker for the BRCA gene mutations: a population-based study from western Sweden.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Familial cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1389-9600 .- 1573-7292. ; 6:1, s. 35-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: This study aimed to analyze whether the occurrence of both breast and ovarian cancer in a woman serves as a marker for BRCA gene mutations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This population-based study included 256 women in western Sweden who developed both invasive breast and ovarian tumors between 1958 and 1999. Archival paraffin tissue blocks of their tumors were retrieved for DNA-extraction to analyze the founder mutation, BRCA1 c.3171_3175dup (c.3171ins5), which is most common in this geographic area and four other common Scandinavian BRCA1 gene mutations and one BRCA2 mutation. Together, account these mutations for approximately 75% of the BRCA1/2 gene mutations in the clinical unit. RESULTS: Ninteen percent (95% confidence interval (CI) 14-24%) of the women carried one of the analyzed BRCA1 gene mutations but none of the women were positive for the analyzed BRCA2 mutation. One-third of the women with both tumors before age 60 were mutation carriers. BRCA1 c.3171_3175dup (c.3171ins5) constituted 84% of all identified mutations. Although the majority of breast cancers were invasive ductal and atypical medullary types, a variety of other breast malignancies were seen among mutation carriers. Serous ovarian carcinomas predominated among ovarian tumors. A variety of other ovarian tumors, including three granulosa-theca cell tumors, were also observed among mutation carriers. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of both breast and ovarian cancer in a woman is associated with a high likelihood of a constitutional BRCA1 mutation. These women and their families might therefore be considered for mutation screening after appropriate genetic counselling.
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| 8. |
- Figueiredo, Sonia, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal and spatial evolution of discrete auroral arcs as seen by Cluster
- 2005
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Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 23:7, s. 2531-2557
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two event studies are presented in this paper where intense convergent electric fields, with mapped intensities up to 1350 mV/m, are measured in the auroral upward current region by the Cluster spacecraft, at altitudes between 3 and 5 Earth radii. Both events are from May 2003, Southern Hemisphere, with equatorward crossings by the Cluster spacecraft of the pre-midnight auroral oval. Event 1 occurs during the end of the recovery phase of a strong substorm. A system of auroral arcs associated with convergent electric field structures, with a maximum perpendicular potential drop of about similar to 10 kV, and upflowing field-aligned currents with densities of 3 mu A/m(2) (mapped to the ionosphere), was detected at the boundary between the Plasma Sheet Boundary Layer (PSBL) and the Plasma Sheet (PS). The auroral arc structures evolve in shape and in magnitude on a timescale of tens of minutes, merging, broadening and intensifying, until finally fading away after about 50 min. Throughout this time, both the PS region and the auroral arc structure in its poleward part remain relatively fixed in space, reflecting the rather quiet auroral conditions during the end of the substorm. The auroral upward acceleration region is shown for this event to extend beyond 3.9 Earth radii altitude. Event 2 occurs during a more active period associated with the expansion phase of a moderate substorm. Images from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F13 spacecraft show that the Cluster spacecraft crossed the horn region of a surge-type aurora. Conjugated with the Cluster spacecraft crossing above the surge horn, the South Pole All Sky Imager recorded the motion and the temporal evolution of an east-west aligned auroral arc, 30 to 50 km wide. Intense electric field variations are measured by the Cluster spacecraft when crossing above the auroral arc structure, collocated with the density gradient at the PS poleward boundary, and coupled to intense upflowing field-aligned currents with mapped densities of up to 20 mu A/m(2). The surge horn consists of multiple arc structures which later merge into one structure and intensify at the PS poleward boundary. The surge horn and the associated PS region moved poleward with a velocity at the ionospheric level of 0.5 km/s, following the large-scale poleward expansion of the auroral oval associated with the substorm expansion phase.
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| 9. |
- Gerhardsson, Lars, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Vascular and nerve damage in workers exposed to vibrating tools. The importance of objective measurements of exposure time.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Applied ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 36:1, s. 55-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to compare the development of vibration white fingers (VWF) in workers in relation to different ways of exposure estimation, and their relationship to the standard ISO 5349, annex A. Nineteen vibration exposed (grinding machines) male workers completed a questionnaire followed by a structured interview including questions regarding their estimated hand-held vibration exposure. Neurophysiological tests such as fractionated nerve conduction velocity in hands and arms, vibrotactile perception thresholds and temperature thresholds were determined. The subjective estimation of the mean daily exposure-time to vibrating tools was 192 min (range 18-480 min) among the workers. The estimated mean exposure time calculated from the consumption of grinding wheels was 42 min (range 18-60 min), approximately a four-fold overestimation (Wilcoxon's signed ranks test, p<0.001). Thus, objective measurements of the exposure time, related to the standard ISO 5349, which in this case were based on the consumption of grinding wheels, will in most cases give a better basis for adequate risk assessment than self-exposure assessment.
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| 10. |
- Hatwaambo, Sylvester, et al.
(författare)
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Mitigating the non-uniform illumination in low concentrating CPCs using structured reflectors
- 2009
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Ingår i: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-0248 .- 1879-3398. ; 93:11, s. 2020-2024
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One problem in concentrating photovoltaic systems without active cooling is the formation of hot spots on the solar module cells. These hotspots are a result of uneven concentration of radiation within the solar module cells. The overall effect of concentrated heating is the reduction in the fill-factor of the solar module cell and the subsequent decrease in the overall efficiency of the system. In this paper, we investigate one alternative of improving the performance of a low concentrating photovoltaic system using semi-diffuse rolled reflective elements. Our results indicate that rolling marks on the reflector aligned parallel to the plane of the solar module cell improve the performance of the photovoltaic system. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 11. |
- Johansson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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A statistical study of intense electric fields at 4-7 R-E geocentric distance using Cluster
- 2005
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Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 23:7, s. 2579-2588
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intense high-latitude electric fields (> 150 mV/m mapped to ionospheric altitude) at 4-7 R-E geocentric distance have been investigated in a statistical study, using data from the Cluster satellites. The orbit of the Cluster satellites limits the data collection at these altitudes to high latitudes, including the poleward part of the auroral oval. The occurrence and distribution of the selected events have been used to characterize the intense electric fields and to investigate their dependance on parameters such as MLT, CGLat, altitude, and also K-p. Peaks in the local time distribution are found in the evening to morning sectors but also in the noon sector, corresponding to cusp events. The electric field intensities decrease with increasing latitude in the region investigated (above 60 CGLat). A dependence on geomagnetic activity is indicated since the probability of finding an event increases up to K-p=5-6. The scales sizes are in the range up to 10 km (mapped to ionospheric altitude) with a maximum around 4-5 km, consistent with earlier findings at lower altitudes and Cluster event studies. The magnitudes of the electric fields are inversely proportional to the scale sizes. The type of electric field structure (convergent or divergent) is consistent with the FAC direction for a subset of events with electric field intensities in the range 500-1000 mV/m and with clear bipolar signatures. The FAC directions are also consistent with the Region 1 and NBZ current systems, the latter of which prevail only during northward IMF conditions. For scale sizes less than 2 km the majority of the events were divergent electric field structures. Both converging and diverging electric fields were found throughout the investigated altitude range (4-7 RE geocentric distance).
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| 12. |
- Johansson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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On the profile of intense high-altitude auroral electric fields at magnetospheric boundaries
- 2006
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Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 24:6, s. 1713-1723
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The profile of intense high-altitude electric fields on auroral field lines has been studied using Cluster data. A total of 41 events with mapped electric field magnitudes in the range between 0.5-1 V/m were examined, 27 of which were co-located with a plasma boundary, defined by gradients in particle flux, plasma density and plasma temperature. Monopolar electric field profiles were observed in 11 and bipolar electric field profiles in 16 of these boundary-associated electric field events. Of the monopolar fields, all but one occurred at the polar cap boundary in the late evening and midnight sectors, and the electric fields were typically directed equatorward, whereas the bipolar fields all occurred at plasma boundaries clearly within the plasma sheet. These results support the prediction by Marklund et al. (2004), that the electric field profile depends on whether plasma populations, able to support intense field-aligned currents and closure by Pedersen currents, exist on both sides, or one side only, of the boundary.
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| 13. |
- Johansson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Scale sizes of intense auroral electric fields observed by Cluster
- 2007
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Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 25:11, s. 2413-2425
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The scale sizes of intense (>0.15 V/m, mapped to the ionosphere), high-altitude (4-7 R-E geocentric distance) auroral electric fields (measured by the Cluster EFW instrument) have been determined in a statistical study. Monopolar and bipolar electric fields, and converging and diverging events, are separated. The relations between the scale size, the intensity and the potential variation are investigated. The electric field scale sizes are further compared with the scale sizes and widths of the associated field-aligned currents (FACs). The influence of, or relation between, other parameters (proton gyroradius, plasma density gradients, and geomagnetic activity), and the electric field scale sizes are considered. The median scale sizes of these auroral electric field structures are found to be similar to the median scale sizes of the associated FACs and the density gradients (all in the range 4.2-.9 km) but not to the median proton gyroradius or the proton inertial scale length at these times and locations (22-30km). (The scales are mapped to the ionospheric altitude for reference.) The electric field scale sizes during summer months and high geomagnetic activity (K-p>3) are typically 2-3 km, smaller than the typical 4-5 km scale sizes during winter months and low geomagnetic activity (K-p <= 3), indicating a dependence on ionospheric conductivity.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Jonzén, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid advance of spring arrival dates in long-distance migratory birds
- 2006
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 312:5782, s. 1959-1961
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several bird species have advanced the timing of their spring migration in response to recent climate change. European short-distance migrants, wintering in temperate areas, have been assumed to be more affected by change in the European climate than long-distance migrants wintering in the tropics. However, we show that tong-distance migrants have advanced their spring arrival in Scandinavia more than short-distance migrants. By analyzing a long-term data set from southern Italy, we show that long-distance migrants also pass through the Mediterranean region earlier. We argue that this may reflect a climate-driven evolutionary change in the timing of spring migration.
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| 16. |
- Jonzén, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
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Response to comment on "Rapid advance of spring arrival dates in long-distance migratory birds"
- 2007
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 315:5812, s. 598-598
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Both's comment questions our suggestion that the advanced spring arrival time of long-distance migratory birds in Scandinavia and the Mediterranean may reflect a climate-driven evolutionary change. We present additional arguments to support our hypothesis but underscore the importance of additional studies involving direct tests of evolutionary change.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Karlsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Market-Based Approaches to Optimization
- 2007
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Ingår i: Computational Intelligence. - : Blackwell Publishing, Boston, USA&Oxford, UK. - 0824-7935 .- 1467-8640. ; 23:1, s. 92-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a general discussion of what constitutes a market-oriented approach to optimization. We demonstrate how a general framework can be used to conceptually improve two well-known approaches from the literature, and discuss computational properties of the different approaches. We also show how existing theory could be adjusted to be directly applicable to the theory of the two approaches, thus proving special theory unnecessary. We want to bring out the pedagogical aspects of market mechanisms, to take full advantage of its potential.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Karlsson, Per, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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The role of the number of uninvolved lymph nodes in predicting locoregional recurrence in breast cancer.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. - 1527-7755. ; 25:15, s. 2019-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To identify groups of early breast cancer patients with substantial risk (10-year risk > 20%) for locoregional failure (LRF) who might benefit from postmastectomy radiotherapy (RT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prognostic factors for LRF were evaluated among 6,660 patients (2,588 node-negative patients, 4,072 node-positive patients) in International Breast Cancer Study Group Trials I to IX treated with chemotherapy and/or endocrine therapy, and observed for a median of 14 years. In total, 1,251 LRFs were detected. All patients were treated with mastectomy without RT. RESULTS: No group with 10-year LRF risk exceeding 20% was found among patients with node-negative disease. Among patients with node-positive breast cancer, increasing numbers of uninvolved nodes were significantly associated with decreased risk of LRF, even after adjustment for other prognostic factors. The highest quartile of uninvolved nodes was compared with the lowest quartile. Among premenopausal patients, LRF risk was decreased by 35% (P = .0010); among postmenopausal patients, LRF risk was decreased by 46% (P < .0001). The 10-year cumulative incidence of LRF was 20% among patients with one to three involved lymph nodes and fewer than 10 uninvolved nodes. Age younger than 40 years and vessel invasion were also associated significantly with increased risk. Among patients with node-positive disease, overall survival was significantly greater in those with higher numbers of uninvolved nodes examined (P < .0001). CONCLUSION: Patients with one to three involved nodes and a low number of uninvolved nodes, vessel invasion, or young age have an increased risk of LRF and may be candidates for a similar treatment as those with at least four lymph node metastases.
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| 22. |
- Karlsson, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Caring while living apart
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of gerontological social work. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 0163-4372 .- 1540-4048. ; 49:4, s. 3-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, researchers have paid increasing attention to the issue of care in the new types of family and partner relationships. The aim of this study is to examine expectations and attitudes concerning care among elderly people in LAT (Living Apart Together)- relationships in Sweden, that is, people who have a long-term intimate relationship, but who do not share a common home. Questionnaires were completed by 116 elderly people in LAT-relationships. Partners are ranked as the main providers of care, especially by men, but there is considerable variation in the answers. This seems to be principally related to the degree of flexibility in this type of relationship. Some individuals see a LAT-relationship as a marriage-like relationship, while others see it primarily as a type of relationship that guarantees them the possibility of maintaining their own independent way of life.
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| 23. |
- Karlsson, Susann, et al.
(författare)
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Loss of T-Cell Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Induces Recycling of the Platelet-derived Growth Factor (PDGF) beta-Receptor but Not the PDGF {alpha}-Receptor
- 2006
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Ingår i: Molecular Biology of the Cell. - 1059-1524 .- 1939-4586. ; 17:11, s. 4846-4855
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously shown that the T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP) dephosphorylates the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) beta-receptor. Here, we show that the increased PDGF beta-receptor phosphorylation in TC-PTP knockout (ko) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) occurs primarily on the cell surface. The increased phosphorylation is accompanied by a TC-PTP-dependent, monensin-sensitive delay in clearance of cell surface PDGF beta-receptors and delayed receptor degradation, suggesting PDGF beta-receptor recycling. Recycled receptors could also be directly detected on the cell surface of TC-PTP ko MEFs. The effect of TC-PTP depletion was specific for the PDGF beta-receptor, because PDGF alpha-receptor homodimers were cleared from the cell surface at the same rate in TC-PTP ko MEFs as in wild-type MEFs. Interestingly, PDGF alphabeta-receptor heterodimers were recycling. Analysis by confocal microscopy revealed that, in TC-PTP ko MEFs, activated PDGF beta-receptors colocalized with Rab4a, a marker for rapid recycling. In accordance with this, transient expression of a dominant-negative Rab4a construct increased the rate of clearance of cell surface receptors on TC-PTP ko MEFs. Thus, loss of TC-PTP specifically redirects the PDGF beta-receptor toward rapid recycling, which is the first evidence of differential trafficking of PDGF receptor family members.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Leijon, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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An electrical approach to wave energy conversion
- 2006
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Ingår i: Renewable energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; :31, s. 1309-1319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motions in nature, for example ocean waves, can play a significant role in tomorrow's electricity production, but the constructions require adaptations to its media. Engineers planning hydropower plants have always taken natural conditions, such as fall height, speed of flow, and geometry, as basic design parameters and constraints in the design. The present paper describes a novel approach for electric power conversion of the vast ocean wave energy. The suggested linear electric energy converter is adapted to the natural wave motion using straightforward technology. Extensive simulations of the wave energy concept are presented, along with results from the experimental setup of a multisided permanent magnet linear generator. The prototype is designed through systematic electromagnetic field calculations. The experimental results are used for the verification of measurements in the design process of future full-scale direct wave energy converters. The present paper, describes the energy conversion concept from a system perspective, and also discusses the economical and some environmental considerations for the project.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Liléo, Sonia, et al.
(författare)
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Magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling during periods of extended high auroral activity : A case study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 26, s. 583-591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results are presented from a case study of a plasma boundary crossing by the Cluster spacecraft during an extended period of high auroral activity. The boundary between the magnetotail lobe region of the Southern Hemisphere and the plasma sheet boundary layer, was characterized by intense electric and magnetic field variations, structured upward accelerated ion beams, narrow-scale large field-aligned Poynting fluxes directed upward away from the ionosphere, and a relatively sharp plasma density gradient. The observations are shown to be consistent with the concept of a multi-layered boundary with temporal and/or spatial variations in the different layers. H+ and O+ ion beams are seen to be accelerated upwards both by means of a field-aligned electric field and by magnetic pumping caused by large-amplitude and low-frequency electric field fluctuations. The peak energy of the ion beams may here be used as a diagnostic tool for the temporal evolution of the spatial structures, since the temporal changes occur on a time-scale shorter than the times-of-flight of the detected ion species. The case study also shows the boundary region to be mainly characterized by a coupling of the detected potential structures to the low ionosphere during the extended period of high auroral activity, as indicated by the intense field-aligned Poynting fluxes directed upward away from the ionosphere.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Marklund, Göran T., et al.
(författare)
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Dynamics and characteristics of electric-field structures in the auroral return current region observed by Cluster
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physica Scripta. - 0031-8949 .- 1402-4896. ; T122, s. 34-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The temporal evolution and other characteristics of intense quasi- static electric fields in the return current region are discussed using Cluster observations. A narrow- scale, divergent electric field, the high- altitude signature of a positive U- shaped potential structure, was observed at the poleward edge of the central plasma sheet, close to magnetic midnight at a geocentric distance of about 4.2 Earth radii. Its acceleration potential increased from less than 1 to 3 kV on a 100 s timescale, similar to the formation time for ionospheric plasma density holes, and consistent with previous results for this kind of structure. In the adjacent upward current region, an energy decrease in inverted- V ions was observed some minutes prior to this. The inverted- V potential decrease was roughly equal to the subsequent perpendicular potential increase in the return current region, suggesting that a potential redistribution took place between the two adjacent current branches. Other characteristics of this and three other return current structures are summarized, to illustrate both common and different features of these. The structures are characterized by ( all values have been mapped to the ionospheric level) peak electric- field magnitudes of approximate to 1Vm(-1), bipolar or unipolar profiles, occurrence at plasma boundaries associated with plasma density gradients, perpendicular scale sizes of approximate to 10 km, downward field-aligned currents of approximate to 10 mu A m(-2), and upward electron beams with characteristic energies of a few hundred to a few thousand eV. The bipolar and unipolar electric- field profiles are proposed to reflect whether plasma populations, dense enough to support upward field-aligned currents (by which the return current can close) exist on both sides, or on one side only of the boundary.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Moroianu, Dragos, et al.
(författare)
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LES of the flow and acoustics generated by an aircraft fan running in the vicinity of the ground
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2005, Vol 6, Pts A and B. - : ASME Press. - 0791847292 ; 6 PART B, s. 1231-1239
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important component of the aircraft generated noise, especially ahead of it, is the fan noise created by the high velocity variation near the blades and the interaction of the rotating fan with the fluid. In order to predict the sound, the method used involves the acoustical analogy developed by Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings. Computation of the flow field is performed in the incompressible LES framework, while the noise is evaluated using a non-homogeneous wave equation. In this work the influence of the angle between the fan and ground, on the total sound spectrum, the noise generation and the noise propagation is investigated. It is found that the near field is dominated by the blade passage frequency and an upward inclination of the fan will produce a slightly different sound pressure level than a horizontal or downward inclination.
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| 32. |
- Nilsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Biaxial model for the incidence angle dependence of the optical efficiency of photovoltaic systems with asymmetric reflectors
- 2006
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Ingår i: Solar Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-092X .- 1471-1257. ; 80:9, s. 1199-1212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The optical efficiency of concentrating solar thermal and photovoltaic systems with cylindrical geometries is asymmetrical about the optical axis. Biaxial models, based on projected incidence angles, are often used to estimate the annual performance of asymmetric concentrators. However, the use of projected angles tends to underestimate optical losses in the cover glass. In this work, a biaxial model for the incidence angle dependence of the optical efficiency, which uses the transverse projected incidence angle for determining the influence of the reflector and the real incidence angle to determine the influence of the glazing is proposed. The model gives an absolute value of the optical efficiency and it is valid for concentrating systems with translational symmetry, as well as for flat plate collectors and planar photovoltaic modules. The model is validated for a system with an east-west aligned parabolic reflector without a cover glass and it is shown that the dependence on the optical efficiency of the reflector on the longitudinal angle of incidence is negligible. The model is compared with the commonly used biaxial model and it is found that the difference is a couple of percentage points when the difference between the longitudinal projected incidence angle and the real incidence angle is large and the angle of incidence on the glass is high.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Secãreanu, Andrei, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental and numerical study of ground vortex interaction in an air-intake
- 2005
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Ingår i: 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit - Meeting Papers. ; , s. 4645-4654
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The airflow field around air-intake related geometries has been investigated experimentally and numerically. The configuration of the experimental set-up is used to model a jet engine running near the ground. The experiments have been carried out using both PIV and LDA techniques in order to obtain the mean and fluctuating velocity field as well as the low speed frequencies related to the system of ground vortices. The LDA data provided frequency data that cannot be obtained from conventional PIV measurements. Additionally, flow visualization, using smoke and different seeding particles have been performed to obtain qualitative information about the flow structures and the ground vortices. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) has been used to study, quantitatively and qualitatively, the flow field and the dynamics of the vortex structures. A comparison of the results in terms of the mean velocity field shows very good agreement between the experimental and the LES results. The computed solution of the flow field is used also to estimate the ingestion of particles into the air-intake. This study proves that small particles can be ingested into the jet engine. The limiting particle size depends on the flow conditions and the distance of the air-intake from the ground as well as its inclination relative to the ground.
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| 35. |
- Thorburn, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Time stepping finite element analysis of variable speed synchronous generator with rectifier
- 2006
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 83:4, s. 371-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several applications for renewable energy conversion make use of variable speed generators. A conversion from variable frequency to grid frequency is therefore essential. One part of the converter is a rectifier. A rectifier model is presented, which is integrated in a time stepping finite element simulation environment where the generator and circuit equations are solved simultaneously. The model handles bidirectional alternator speeds as the application is a linear generator for ocean wave energy conversion. The rectifier model is extended with a load model, consisting of R, L and E, and simulations show what impact the rectifier has on the generator’s behaviour.
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