| 1. |
- Björklund, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Ett aktivt svenskt värdskap för ESS är viktigare än någonsin : Regeringen måste ta ett aktivt ledarskap och säkra de extra resurser som krävs för att ESS ska bli tillgängligt för forskarsamhället och näringslivet, skriver rådgivare till ESS.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Dagens Industri. - Stockholm : Dagens Industri. ; 5/4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kriget i Ukraina visar på behovet av att det fria Europa står på egna ben och bygger sig starkt och då spelar forskning och utveckling en viktig roll. Den forskningsinfrastruktur som nu byggs i Sverige – till exempel European Spallation Source (ESS) – har stor betydelse för att vi ska behålla och utveckla vårt teknologiska ledarskap och samtidigt bidra till att lösa de stora utmaningar mänskligheten står inför. De flesta av oss vill se ett starkt och attraktivt Europa som kännetecknas av innovation, framtidstro och medmänsklighet. I en konkurrensutsatt värld behöver samhällsdebatten handla mer om hur vi skapar vårt välstånd, för det kommer inte av sig självt. Sverige har lång tradition av nyfiket uppfinnande, skickligt ingenjörskap och drivna entreprenörer. Det är så vi har skapat de svenska företag som nu är globala. Vi säljer varor och tjänster på en världsmarknad, vilket förutsätter teknologiskt ledarskap och spetskompetens. Exportnettot, handelsbalansens överskott, omvandlas till välstånd hemmavid och det går en rak linje från innovationer till äldreomsorg. Men att vara ett innovativt ledande land är en position som ständigt måste erövras. Varje dag. Efter 150 år av forskning och framsteg, tillväxt och ökande välstånd, växer mänskligheten in i en ny fas. Vi kommer att behöva leva, producera och konsumera på nya sätt. Utmaningarna är kända, men lösningarna är okända och det är bråttom. De stora frågorna har många svar och redskapen för att förflytta vår kunskaps gräns blir alltmer avancerade. Nya skräddarsydda material är väsentliga för att lösa många av utmaningarna. I industrins barndom kom ingenjörerna långt med envishet och enkla verktyg. Men de lågt hängande frukterna är plockade. De enkla lösningarna implementerade. För att kunna fortsätta krävs alltmer avancerade metoder och angreppssätt som kräver miljardinvesteringar för att studera material i dess minsta beståndsdelar och se hur celler reagerar på olika substanser. Energiutmaningen har inte en enda storskalig lösning utan behöver ständiga framsteg inom allt från processteknik till energialstring. Cancer har inte ett motmedel, utan stävjas genom många upptäckter inom allt från immunologi till radiologi. De tusen stegens innovationer avgör vår förmåga att lyckas med omställningen till ett mer hållbart samhälle och att utveckla nya behandlingsformer och botemedel. Att Sverige och svensk industri tar en ledande roll i denna utveckling borde vara självklart för alla. För drygt tjugo år sedan tog nordiska forskare initiativ till att skapa en världsledande infrastruktur för materialforskning i Sverige. Nu installeras instrumenten på ESS medan forskning redan pågår hos grannen MAX IV. ESS är en av Europas största vetenskapliga satsningar och beräknas vara i drift under 40 års tid. Sverige har fått ett guldägg i sin famn – sin första globala Big Science anläggning någonsin – och är värdland med Danmark som medvärd. Tretton av Europas mest tekniskt avancerade nationer finansierar detta tillsammans. ESS beräknas bli 20 gånger mer kraftfull än befintliga motsvarande anläggningar, vilket kommer att ge forskare tillgång till världens skarpaste ”öga” in i organisk och oorganisk materia. ESS blir ett verktyg som kan hjälpa mänskligheten att söka svar på många frågor som måste lösas inom energi, medicin, bioteknik, datalagring och -processing, ja inom alla områden som behöver smarta material. Närheten till Max IV är genomtänkt och en stor möjlighet. Anläggningarna kompletterar varandra och kommer att kunna bidra till ny banbrytande kunskap, nya innovationer och nya företag. Den forskning som kommer att bedrivas vid ESS stämmer väl med vår industriella tradition av ingenjörskap och det ständiga sökandet efter bättre produkter och processer. För Sverige innebär närvaron av ESS en exceptionell möjlighet. Tusentals spetsforskare från hela världen kommer varje år att komma till Sverige. Den förstärkning det innebär för forskarsamhälle, innovationsklimat och näringsliv är stor och kommer inte att likna något vi hittills sett. Satsningen kräver aktivt svenskt värdskap.ESS stärker Sveriges rykte som kunskapsnation, förbättrar vår konkurrenskraft och ger större möjligheter att tackla samhällsutmaningarna genom samverkan mellan näringsliv, samhälle och akademi. Det är en mycket långsiktig satsning som handlar om vårt framtida välstånd. För att få utdelning på Sveriges investering måste vi se till att svenska företag blir bäst i världen på att använda ESS. I dag finns en nationell strategi och ett kansli kopplat till Vetenskapsrådet och Vinnova, men det är bara början. Därför har vi valt att engagera oss ideellt, som rådgivare till ESS, för att stödja samarbetet mellan företag, samhälle och ESS.Ett aktivt svenskt värdskap för ESS är viktigare än någonsin. Pandemin leder till förseningar och därmed kostnadsökningar av stora och komplexa projekt som ESS, men förstärker samtidigt det långsiktiga behovet av ny kunskap. Det är ytterst viktigt att vi nu bäddar för framtiden så att ESS kommer i drift så snart som möjligt och kan bidra till att lösa de stora utmaningar vi står inför. Vi uppmanar därför regeringen att ta ett aktivt ledarskap för ESS genom att tillsammans med övriga medlemsländer säkra de extra resurser som krävs för att ESS ska bli tillgängligt för forskarsamhället och näringslivet så snart som möjligt.ESS blir världens mest kraftfulla verktyg för forskare. Håkan Björklund, styrelsearbetareArne Karlsson, styrelsearbetareLena Olving, styrelsearbetareBjörn Savén, grundare IK PartnersMaria Strömme, professor i nanoteknologiArtikelförfattarna är medlemmar i ESS Executive Advisory Board, ett rådgivande organ.
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| 2. |
- Candefjord, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Video support for prehospital stroke consultation: implications for system design and clinical implementation from prehospital simulations
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making. - 1472-6947. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundVideo consultations between hospital-based neurologists and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) have potential to increase precision of decisions regarding stroke patient assessment, management and transport. In this study we explored the use of real-time video streaming for neurologist–EMS consultation from the ambulance, using highly realistic full-scale prehospital simulations including role-play between on-scene EMS teams, simulated patients (actors), and neurologists specialized in stroke and reperfusion located at the remote regional stroke center.MethodsVideo streams from three angles were used for collaborative assessment of stroke using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) to assess symptoms affecting patient’s legs, arms, language, and facial expressions. The aim of the assessment was to determine appropriate management and transport destination based on the combination of geographical location and severity of stroke symptoms. Two realistic patient scenarios were created, with severe and moderate stroke symptoms, respectively. Each scenario was simulated using a neurologist acting as stroke patient and an ambulance team performing patient assessment. Four ambulance teams with two nurses each all performed both scenarios, for a total of eight cases. All scenarios were video recorded using handheld and fixed cameras. The audio from the video consultations was transcribed. Each team participated in a semi-structured interview, and neurologists and actors were also interviewed. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed.ResultsAnalysis of video-recordings and post-interviews (n = 7) show a more thorough prehospital patient assessment, but longer total on-scene time, compared to a baseline scenario not using video consultation. Both ambulance nurses and neurologists deem that video consultation has potential to provide improved precision of assessment of stroke patients. Interviews verify the system design effectiveness and suggest minor modifications.ConclusionsThe results indicate potential patient benefit based on a more effective assessment of the patient’s condition, which could lead to increased precision in decisions and more patients receiving optimal care. The findings outline requirements for pilot implementation and future clinical tests.
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| 3. |
- Carlsson, Lena M S, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Life expectancy after bariatric surgery or usual care in patients with or without baseline type 2 diabetes in Swedish Obese Subjects.
- 2023
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Ingår i: International journal of obesity (2005). - 1476-5497. ; 47, s. 931-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To determine life expectancy and causes of death after bariatric surgery in relation to baseline type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the prospective, Swedish Obese Subjects study.The study included 2010 patients with obesity who underwent bariatric surgery and 2037 matched controls, eligible for surgery. The surgery group underwent gastric bypass (n=265), banding (n=376), or vertical banded gastroplasty (n=1369). The control group (n=2037) received usual obesity care. Causes of death were obtained from the Swedish Cause of Death Register, case sheets and autopsy reports, in patients with baseline T2D (n=392 surgery patients/n=305 controls) or non-T2D (n=1609 surgery patients/n=1726 controls) during a median follow-up 26 years.In T2D and non-T2D subgroups, bariatric surgery was associated with increased life expectancy (2.1, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.2-4.0; and 1.6, 0.5-2.7 years, respectively) and reduced overall mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (adjHR)=0.77, 95% CI: 0.61-0.97; and 0.82, 0.72-0.94, respectively), and the treatment benefit was similar (interaction p=0.615). Bariatric surgery was associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality in both subgroups (adjHR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.46-0.91; and 0.70, 0.55-0.88, respectively (interaction p=0.516)).Bariatric surgery is associated with similar reduction of overall and cardiovascular mortality and increased life expectancy regardless of baseline diabetes status.
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| 4. |
- Etzold, Sophia, et al.
(författare)
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Nitrogen deposition is the most important environmental driver of growth of pure, even-aged and managed European forests
- 2020
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changing environmental conditions may substantially interact with site quality and forest stand characteristics, and impact forest growth and carbon sequestration. Understanding the impact of the various drivers of forest growth is therefore critical to predict how forest ecosystems can respond to climate change. We conducted a continental-scale analysis of recent (1995–2010) forest volume increment data (ΔVol, m3 ha−1 yr−1), obtained from ca. 100,000 coniferous and broadleaved trees in 442 even-aged, single-species stands across 23 European countries. We used multivariate statistical approaches, such as mixed effects models and structural equation modelling to investigate how European forest growth respond to changes in 11 predictors, including stand characteristics, climate conditions, air and site quality, as well as their interactions. We found that, despite the large environmental gradients encompassed by the forests examined, stand density and age were key drivers of forest growth. We further detected a positive, in some cases non-linear effect of N deposition, most pronounced for beech forests, with a tipping point at ca. 30 kg N ha−1 yr−1. With the exception of a consistent temperature signal on Norway spruce, climate-related predictors and ground-level ozone showed much less generalized relationships with ΔVol. Our results show that, together with the driving forces exerted by stand density and age, N deposition is at least as important as climate to modulate forest growth at continental scale in Europe, with a potential negative effect at sites with high N deposition.
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| 5. |
- Holmgren, Kristina, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
KNOGA. Fossilfri framdrift för tunga långväga godstransporter på väg : kostnadsfördelning och risker för olika aktörer (Executive summary)
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Användningen av förnybar energi i transportsektorn behöver öka för att vi ska nå de svenska klimatmålen om minskade växthusgasutsläpp från inrikes transporterna med 70 procent till 2030, och nettonollutsläpp från samtliga sektorer till 2045. Ökningen av förnybara drivmedel behöver ske i alla segment och över hela fordonsflottan.Idag används främst diesel som drivmedel för tunga långväga godstransporter på väg men det finns alternativ för fossilfri framdrift. Denna studie har kvantifierat kostnadsstrukturer och analyserat riskfördelning mellan olika aktörer för fossilfria framdriftstekniker för tunga långväga godstransporter på väg och jämfört dem med alternativet att fortsätta använda diesel som drivmedel. Följande tekniker är inkluderade i studien: biobränslen (flytande och gasformiga), batterielektriska fordon (BEV), elvägar (tre olika tekniker), vätgasdrivna bränslecellsfordon (H2-FCEV) samt elektrobränslen. Beräkningar görs för år 2030 och 2045. Från de fem huvudkategorierna för fossilfri framdrift har ett antal representativa motortekniker, bränsleproduktionstekniker och råvaror valts ut för att analyseras i detalj. Detta har resulterat i ett trettiotal olika fossilfria alternativ till dagens användning av fossil diesel
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| 6. |
- Holmgren, Kristina, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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KNOGA. Fossilfri framdrift för tunga långväga transporter på väg : Kostnadsfördelning och risker för olika aktörer
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- För att nå de svenska klimatmålen om att minska växthusgasutsläppen från inrikes transporter (undantaget flyget) med 70% till 2030 och om att nå nettonollutsläpp för samtliga sektorer till 2045behöver användningen av förnybar energi i transportsektorn öka. Denna studie kvantifierar kostnadsstrukturer och analyserar riskfördelning mellan olika aktörer förfossilfria framdriftstekniker för tunga långväga godstransporter på väg. Följande tekniker är inkluderade i studien: biobränslen (flytande och gasformiga), elfordon med batterier (BEV), elvägar (tre olika tekniker), vätgasdrivna bränslecellsfordon samt elektrobränslen.denna studie görs också en jämförelse avseende de olika framdrivningsteknikernas växthusgas-utsläpp där bränsle/energianvändning, batteriproduktion (för tekniker med elektrisk framdrivning) och elvägsinfrastruktur inkluderas.Analyserna görs för två typer av lastbilar: HGV40 och HGV60. HGV40 är en tung lastbil med en tillåten bruttovikt om max 40 ton som används inom hela Europa. HGV60 är en lastbil med en tillåten bruttovikt om max 60 ton som står för merparten av transportarbetet med lastbil i Sverige, men som bara är tillåten i ett fåtal andra europeiska länder. Beräkningar görs för år 2030 och 2045.7Kostnader för de olika teknikalternativen redovisas i vad vi i denna studie har valt att kalla relativ mobilitetskostnad. Den relativa mobilitetskostnaden inkluderar: fordonens investeringskostnader, service och reparationer av fordon samt drivmedelskostnader. Drivmedelskostnaderna består av produktions-och distributionskostnader för drivmedel, där distributionskostnaderna inkluderar bådedirekta kostnader för distribution av drivmedel från produktionsanläggning till pump, samt investeringskostnader och underhåll för distributionsinfrastruktur (d.v.s. underhåll för elväg, ladd-infrastruktur eller tankstation). Genom att tydligt presentera de olika delarnas bidrag till den relativa mobilitetskostnaden erhålls en bild av hur kostnaderna för de olika framdrivningsteknikerna fördelar sig mellan fordonsinvestering, service och reparation av fordon, drivmedelsproduktions-kostnader och distributionsinfrastruktur. Alla kostnader beräknas utan skatter och avgifter. En ana-lys som visar påverkan på den relativa mobilitetskostnaden då man belastar alternativen med en CO2e-kostnad för bränsle/energianvändningen inkluderas också i studienStudiens sammanställning av hinder och risker för de olika alternativen baseras på kostnadsana-lysen, växthusgasjämförelsen och en litteraturgenomgång med fokus på ekonomiska, tekniska, infrastrukturrelaterade risker men också miljöpåverkan och tillgång på råvaror.
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| 7. |
- Jerdhaf, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Focused Terminology Extraction for CPSs The Case of "Implant Terms" in Electronic Medical Records
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Language Technology is an essential component of many Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) because specialized linguistic knowledge is indispensable to prevent fatal errors. We present the case of automatic identification of implant terms. The need of an automatic identification of implant terms spurs from safety reasons because patients who have an implant may or may be not submitted to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Normally, MRI scans are safe. However, in some cases an MRI scan may not be recommended. It is important to know if a patient has an implant, because MRI scanning is incompatible with some implants. At present, the process of ascertain whether a patient could be at risk is lengthy, manual, and based on the specialized knowledge of medical staff. We argue that this process can be sped up, streamlined and become safer by sieving through patients’ medical records. In this paper, we explore how to discover implant terms in electronic medical records (EMRs) written in Swedish with an unsupervised approach. To this aim we use BERT, a state-of-the-art deep learning algorithm based on pre-trained word embeddings. We observe that BERT discovers a solid proportion of terms that are indicative of implants.
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| 8. |
- Jerdhaf, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Implant Terms: Focused Terminology Extraction with Swedish BERT - Preliminary Results
- 2020
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Certain implants are imperative to detect be-fore MRI scans. However, implant terms, like‘pacemaker’ or ‘stent’, are sparse and difficultto identify in noisy and hastily written elec-tronic medical records (EMRs). In this pa-per, we explore how to discover implant termsin Swedish EMRs with an unsupervised ap-proach.To this purpose, we use BERT, astate-of-the-art deep learning algorithm, andfine-tune a model built on pre-trained SwedishBERT. We observe that BERT discovers asolid proportion of indicative implant terms.
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| 9. |
- Johansson Kostenniemi, Urban, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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MeningiSSS : A New Predictive Score to Support Decision on Invasive Procedures to Monitor or Manage the Intracerebral Pressure in Children with Bacterial Meningitis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Neurocritical Care. - : Springer. - 1541-6933 .- 1556-0961. ; 32:2, s. 586-595
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Knowing the individual child’s risk is highly useful when deciding on treatment strategies, especially when deciding on invasive procedures. In this study, we aimed to develop a new predictive score for children with bacterial meningitis and compare this with existing predictive scores and individual risk factors.Methods: We developed the Meningitis Swedish Survival Score (MeningiSSS) based on a previous systematic review of risk factors. From this, we selected risk factors identified in moderate-to-high-quality studies that could be assessed at admission to the hospital. Using data acquired from medical records of 101 children with bacterial meningitis, we tested the overall capabilities of the MeningiSSS compared with four existing predictive scores using a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis to assert the area under the curve (AUC). Finally, we tested all predictive scores at their cut-off levels using a Chi-square test. As outcome, we used a small number of predefined outcomes; in-hospital mortality, 30-day mortality, occurrence of neurological disabilities at discharge defined as Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category Scale category two to five, any type of complications occurring during the hospital stay, use of intensive care, and use of invasive procedures to monitor or manage the intracerebral pressure.Results: For identifying children later undergoing invasive procedures to monitor or manage the intracerebral pressure, the MeningiSSS excelled in the ROC-analysis (AUC = 0.90) and also was the only predictive score able to identify all cases at its cut-off level (25 vs 0%, p < 0.01). For intensive care, the MeningiSSS (AUC = 0.79) and the Simple Luanda Scale (AUC = 0.75) had the best results in the ROC-analysis, whereas others performed less well (AUC ≤ 0.65). Finally, while none of the scores’ results were significantly associated with complications, an elevated score on the MeningiSSS (AUC = 0.70), Niklasson Scale (AUC = 0.72), and the Herson–Todd Scale (AUC = 0.79) was all associated with death.Conclusions: The MeningiSSS outperformed existing predictive scores at identifying children later having to undergo invasive procedures to monitor or manage the intracerebral pressure in children with bacterial meningitis. Our results need further external validation before use in clinical practice. Thus, the MeningiSSS could potentially be helpful when making difficult decisions concerning intracerebral pressure management.
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| 10. |
- Johansson Kostenniemi, Urban, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychiatric Disabilities and Other Long-term Consequences of Childhood Bacterial Meningitis
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0891-3668 .- 1532-0987. ; 40:1, s. 26-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Bacterial meningitis is known to cause hearing impairments and neurological deficits; however, less is known regarding psychiatric disabilities. In this study, we assessed psychiatric disabilities and other long-term consequences of childhood bacterial meningitis.METHODS: From a previously validated dataset, we selected children having had bacterial meningitis. We then reviewed medical records and child health records from discharge onwards to identify disabilities. We calculated the occurrence of disabilities with a 95% confidence interval (CI), and we used a χ test to assess possible individual risk factors associated with occurrence of disabilities.RESULTS: Of the 80 children included in this study, permanent disabilities not attributed to preexisting diseases were noted in 56% (CI: 45-67) during the mean observation period of 19 years and 2 months. Psychiatric disease was diagnosed in 30% (CI: 21-41), and another 5% (CI: 2-13) were under ongoing investigations for symptoms of psychiatric disease. Hearing impairments affected at least 30% (CI: 20-40), and neurological deficits affected at least 23% (CI: 15-34). While other disabilities were often detected within the first year, psychiatric disabilities were detected after a mean time period of 14 years (CI: 11:1-16:11). Although some associations were noted, no individual risk factor was able to predict the occurrence of disabilities.CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatric disabilities affect more than one-third of survivors and are among the most common long-term consequence of childhood bacterial meningitis. Late discovery and predictive difficulties call for a revision of current guidelines to include a specific long-term strategy for detecting psychiatric disabilities.
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| 11. |
- Jynge, Per, et al.
(författare)
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MnDPDP: Contrast Agent for Imaging and Protection of Viable Tissue
- 2020
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Ingår i: Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging. - : WILEY-HINDAWI. - 1555-4309 .- 1555-4317. ; 2020
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The semistable chelate manganese (Mn) dipyridoxyl diphosphate (MnDPDP, mangafodipir), previously used as an intravenous (i.v.) contrast agent (Teslascan (TM), GE Healthcare) for Mn-ion-enhanced MRI (MEMRI), should be reappraised for clinical use but now as a diagnostic drug with cytoprotective properties. Approved for imaging of the liver and pancreas, MnDPDP enhances contrast also in other targets such as the heart, kidney, glandular tissue, and potentially retina and brain. Transmetallation releases paramagnetic Mn2+ for cellular uptake in competition with calcium (Ca2+), and intracellular (IC) macromolecular Mn2+ adducts lower myocardial T-1 to midway between native values and values obtained with gadolinium (Gd3+). What is essential is that T-1 mapping and, to a lesser degree,T-1 weighted imaging enable quantification of viability at a cellular or even molecular level. IC Mn2+ retention for hours provides delayed imaging as another advantage. Examples in humans include quantitative imaging of cardiomyocyte remodeling and of Ca2+ channel activity, capabilities beyond the scope of Gd3+ based or native MRI. In addition, MnDPDP and the metabolite Mn dipyridoxyl diethyl-diamine (MnPLED) act as catalytic antioxidants enabling prevention and treatment of oxidative stress caused by tissue injury and inflammation. Tested applications in humans include protection of normal cells during chemotherapy of cancer and, potentially, of ischemic tissues during reperfusion. Theragnostic use combining therapy with delayed imaging remains to be explored. This review updates MnDPDP and its clinical potential with emphasis on the working mode of an exquisite chelate in the diagnosis of heart disease and in the treatment of oxidative stress.
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| 12. |
- Karlsson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Risk for Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Rupture During Pregnancy and Puerperium
- 2023
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Ingår i: Neurosurgery. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0148-396X .- 1524-4040. ; 93:4, s. 918-923
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The hemorrhage risk of unruptured and untreated cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) has been shown to be higher for female patients than male patients in their child bearing ages. Although it has been neurosurgical practice to advise female patients in their childbearing ages to postpone pregnancy until proven AVM obliteration, there is no literature consensus regarding this potential hemorrhage risk increase. OBJECTIVE: To accurately quantify the risk increase for AVM hemorrhage during pregnancy. METHODS: This study is based on data from previous publications, consisting of known age at the first AVM hemorrhage in 3425 patients. The risk increase during pregnancy could be calculated from the difference in age distribution for the first AVM hemorrhage between male patients and female patients, taking the average pregnancy time per female into account. A comparison was also made with data for all hospital discharges (13 751) in Germany 2008 to 2018 with the diagnosis brain AVM. RESULTS: The average pregnancy and puerperium time was 1.54 years per female in the patient population, which was used to determine the annual AVM hemorrhage risk during pregnancy to be around 9%. The increased risk during pregnancy was further evidenced by analysis of a subgroup of 105 female patients, for which pregnancy status at the time of hemorrhage was known. CONCLUSION: The quantified annual risk for AVM hemorrhage during pregnancy is about 3 times higher than that of male patients at corresponding age. This provides an important basis for advising female patients with patent AVMs about the increased risk for hemorrhage that a pregnancy would entail.
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| 13. |
- Kentson, Magnus
(författare)
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Fatigue and Peripheral Muscle Dysfunction: Studies on Vitamin D Status, Muscle Metabolism and Systemic Inflammation in Patients with COPD : Aspects of COPD severity beyond FEV1 and exacerbations
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BackgroundThe severity of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is usually described in terms of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and number of exacerbations. However, COPD is a complex disease with different ways of expression, involving pulmonary symptoms, extra pulmonal manifestations and comorbidities, which altogether affect the patient by contributing to reduced functional capacity, increased shortness of breath, reduced health-related quality of life and increased mortality. Systemic inflammation is common in COPD and can potentially constitute a link between the lungs and other organs. The aim of this thesis was to broaden the aspects of COPD severity beyond FEV1 and exacerbations by studying fatigue, the role of vitamin D, nutritional factors, systemic inflammation and peripheral muscle function in patients with COPD. Methods and ResultsIn paper I, we included 101 patients with COPD, and 34 control subjects. Assessment of experience of fatigue, functional limitation due to fatigue, and the relationships to physiological, psychological and situational variables and quality of life (QoL) were evaluated. We found that experience of fatigue was highly prevalent (72% versus 56% in control subjects) and a troublesome symptom in COPD. Patients with COPD and fatigue had lower lung function, shorter walking distance, more dyspnoea, anxiety and depressive symptoms and poorer health status compared to patients without fatigue (all p < 0.01). Several contributing factors were identified to experience of fatigue and functional limitations of fatigue with dyspnoea, depressive symptoms and insomnia as the most prominent factors. No clear association with systemic inflammation was found. Paper II evaluated vitamin D status in 66 patients with advanced COPD (28 with long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT)) and 47 control subjects. 25-hydroxyvitamin 25(OH)D were deter-mined in early fall in a short period of seven weeks. Questionnaires about COPD symptoms, general health, lifestyle, dietary habits and QoL were answered. Lung function tests and blood sampling including systemic inflammatory markers, carotenoids and protein carbonylation (PC) were assessed. The peak annual 25(OH)D of COPD patients was significantly lower than in the control subjects, but there was no significant difference between COPD patients with and without LTOT. Among vitamin D-deficient COPD patients, 25(OH)D correlated positively with lung function, blood oxygenation, food portion size, Mediterranean Diet Score and Ultra-violet Score and negatively with dyspnoea and DOSE-index, a composite index for COPD se-verity. Ongoing vitamin D supplementation was the single most important intervention to maintain 25(OH)D levels <50 nmol/L. In paper III, we evaluated in the same cohort as paper II oxidative damage and levels of carotenoids. Patients with COPD (±LTOT) did not demonstrate increased oxidative damage. Com-pared with the control group, levels of several carotenoids were significantly lower in COPD, and the diet contained significantly less fruit and vegetables. Lycopene correlated positively with saturation and lutein correlated positively with some inflammatory markers but negatively with IL-6, an important marker for systemic inflammation. The study highlights the importance of dietary factors in COPD. In paper IV, 32 patients with COPD answered questionnaires, and were subjected to lung function tests and blood analysis including systemic inflammatory markers. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for analysis of whole-body and thigh muscle composition was performed. Bioenergetics in the resting thigh muscle, (PCr/Pi ratio), were analysed using 31phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS). We found that adverse muscle composition was common in the COPD group. Clinical characteristics reflecting COPD severity were all associated with a raise of the PCr/Pi ratio in the thigh muscle. Increased MFIa correlated positively to systemic inflammatory markers, negative to physical activity and PCr/Pi ratio. We compared the COPD group with a virtual control group from UK Biobank (n= 3200). ConclusionsSevere COPD is much more than airway obstruction and exacerbations. The presence of fatigue is associated, as well as vitamin D status and nutritional factors, with important clinical out-comes reflecting COPD severity. Adverse muscle composition is common in COPD and there seems to be a link between systemic inflammation, muscle fat infiltration and bioenergetics.
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| 14. |
- Liptzin, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Atmospheric Deposition of Dissolved Organic Carbon
- 2022
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Ingår i: Global Biogeochemical Cycles. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0886-6236 .- 1944-9224. ; 36:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atmospheric deposition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to terrestrial ecosystems is a small, but rarely studied component of the global carbon (C) cycle.Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and organic particulates are the sources of atmospheric C and deposition represents a major pathway for the removal of organic C from the atmosphere.Here, we evaluate the spatial and temporal patterns of DOC deposition using 70 data sets at least one year in length ranging from 40° south to 66° north latitude. Globally, the median DOC concentration in bulk deposition was 1.7 mg L −1. The DOC concentrations were significantly higher in tropical (<25°) latitudes compared to temperate (>25°) latitudes.DOC deposition was significantly higher in the tropics because of both higher DOC concentrations and precipitation. Using the global median or latitudinal specific DOC concentrations leads to a calculated global deposition of 202 or 295 Tg C yr −1 respectively.Many sites exhibited seasonal variability in DOC concentration. At temperate sites, DOC concentrations were higher during the growing season; at tropical sites, DOC concentrations were higher during the dry season. Thirteen of the thirty-four long-term (>10 years) data sets showed significant declines in DOC concentration over time with the others showing no significant change.Based on the magnitude and timing of the various sources of organic C to the atmosphere, biogenic VOCs likely explain the latitudinal pattern and the seasonal pattern at temperate latitudes while decreases in anthropogenic emissions are the most likely explanation for the declines in DOC concentration.
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| 15. |
- Lu, Ke, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Detecting Driver Sleepiness Using Consumer Wearable Devices in Manual and Partial Automated Real-Road Driving
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 1524-9050 .- 1558-0016. ; 23:5, s. 4801 -4810
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Driver sleepiness constitutes a well-known traffic safety risk. With the introduction of automated driving systems, the chance of getting sleepy and even falling asleep at wheel could increase further. Conventional sleepiness detection methods based on driving performance and behavior may not be available under automated driving. Methods based on physiological measurements such as heart rate variability (HRV) becomes a potential solution under automated driving. However, with reduced task load, HRV could potentially be affected by automated driving. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the influence of automated driving on the relation between HRV and sleepiness. Data from real-road driving experiments with 43 participants were used in this study. Each driver finished four trials with manual and partial automated driving under normal and sleep-deprived condition. Heart rate was monitored by consumer wearable chest bands. Subjective sleepiness based on Karolinska sleepiness scale was reported at five min interval as ground truth. Reduced heart rate and increased overall variability were found in association with severe sleepy episodes. A binary classifier based on the AdaBoost method was developed to classify alert and sleepy episodes. The results indicate that partial automated driving has small impact on the relationship between HRV and sleepiness. The classifier using HRV features reached area under curve (AUC) = 0.76 and it was improved to AUC = 0.88 when adding driving time and day/night information. The results show that commercial wearable heart rate monitor has the potential to become a useful tool to assess driver sleepiness under manual and partial automated driving.
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| 16. |
- Lu, Ke, et al.
(författare)
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Heart rate variability as an indicator for driver fatigue, different effects of time of day and time-on-task
- 2022
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Ingår i: DDI 2022 Gothenburg. - Göteborg : Safer. ; , s. 98-100
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Heart rate variability (HRV) has been considered as a potential physiological marker for driver fatigue. However, consensus has not been reached for how HRV changes during the development of fatigue, due to inconsistent results in the literature. One potential cause for inconsistent results is that different causal factors were used to introduce fatigue. The aim of this study is to investigate how HRV parameters change during driving in relation to fatigue caused by sleep related and task related factors. Data from a real road experiment, with 89 participants who drove four times over a 180 km route, were used for the analysis. We investigated how time of day and time-on-task factors influence HRV parameters. The result shows that different HRV parameters react differently in relation to time of day and time-on-task factors. The result emphasizes the importance of considering the causal factors when interpreting results from driver fatigue studies and when developing fatigue detectors based on physiological measures.
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| 17. |
- McCarrick, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Genotoxicity and inflammatory potential of stainless steel welding fume particles : an in vitro study on standard vs Cr(VI)-reduced flux-cored wires and the role of released metals
- 2021
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Ingår i: Archives of Toxicology. - : Springer Nature. - 0340-5761 .- 1432-0738. ; 95:9, s. 2961-2975
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Welders are daily exposed to various levels of welding fumes containing several metals. This exposure can lead to an increased risk for different health effects which serves as a driving force to develop new methods that generate less toxic fumes. The aim of this study was to explore the role of released metals for welding particle-induced toxicity and to test the hypothesis that a reduction of Cr(VI) in welding fumes results in less toxicity by comparing the welding fume particles of optimized Cr(VI)-reduced flux-cored wires (FCWs) to standard FCWs. The welding particles were thoroughly characterized, and toxicity (cell viability, DNA damage and inflammation) was assessed following exposure to welding particles as well as their released metal fraction using cultured human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC-3kt, 5-100 mu g/mL) and human monocyte-derived macrophages (THP-1, 10-50 mu g/mL). The results showed that all Cr was released as Cr(VI) for welding particles generated using standard FCWs whereas only minor levels (< 3% of total Cr) were released from the newly developed FCWs. Furthermore, the new FCWs were considerably less cytotoxic and did not cause any DNA damage in the doses tested. For the standard FCWs, the Cr(VI) released in cell media seemed to explain a large part of the cytotoxicity and DNA damage. In contrast, all particles caused rather similar inflammatory effects suggesting different underlying mechanisms. Taken together, this study suggests a potential benefit of substituting standard FCWs with Cr(VI)-reduced wires to achieve less toxic welding fumes and thus reduced risks for welders.
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| 18. |
- Norman, Sven, 1984-
(författare)
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Lake bathymetry as driver of salmonid population size structure and biomass
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Most fish species undergo ontogenetic niche shifts from feeding on pelagic zooplankton, to larger benthic invertebrates and in some cases also to fish. These ontogenetic niche shifts have strong impact on the interactions within and between species, with effects on individual growth, population abundance and food web dynamics. The productivity of northern lakes is mainly controlled by light-limited primary production in benthic habitats, highlighting the importance of lake bathymetry for the abundance of benthic algae feeding macroinvertebrates, which is an important resource for fish. Theory predicts that variation in fish size structure and biomass can arise due to size-dependent differences in competitive abilities between juvenile and adults in each of their niches and by variation in niche- and habitat-specific resource production i.e. pelagic zooplankton and benthic macroinvertebrates.In this thesis, using gradient studies in mountain lakes, I studied how habitat-specific production and lake bathymetry variation affect growth, size structure and biomass in Arctic char and brown trout populations. Results showed that lake bathymetry determine the benthic contribution to whole lake primary production and the degree of ontogenetic niche shift from zooplankton to macroinvertebrates. In correspondence with theory, production of Arctic char and brown trout were related to stage- and habitat-specific gross primary production (GPP) as an increased benthic contribution to whole lake GPP in general increased individual size, population production and biomasses. Lake bathymetry also influenced the niche shift to piscivory in brown trout as reliance on piscivory were higher in relatively deep lakes more dominated by Arctic char. Finally, in a model approach, responses to different size selective harvest regulations showed that the size structure of Arctic char were more sensitive to fishing in shallow than in deep lakes. Size regulations protecting both smaller and the largest adults were shown to best preserve size structure, especially in shallower lakes. Collectively, these results contribute to the understanding of how variation in productivity and availability of stage- and habitat-specific resources and the presence of ontogenetic niche shifts affect the growth, size structure and biomass of fish. Specifically, the results highlighted the importance of shallow benthic habitats for individual size and biomass of salmonids in mountain lakes and suggests that management strategies based on relationships between lake bathymetry and population size structure and biomass could be a simple approach for sustainable management of lake salmonid population.
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| 19. |
- Raptis, Savvas, et al.
(författare)
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Classifying Magnetosheath Jets Using MMS : Statistical Properties
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Space Physics. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 2169-9380 .- 2169-9402. ; 125:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) data, we find, classify, and analyze transient dynamic pressure enhancements in the magnetosheath (jets) from May 2015 to May 2019. A classification algorithm is presented, using in situ MMS data to classify jets ( N=8,499) into different categories according to their associated angle between interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and the bow shock normal vector (theta(Bn)). Jets appearing for theta(Bn) < 45 are referred to as quasi-parallel, while jets appearing for theta(Bn) > 45 as quasi-perpendicular jets. Furthermore, we define those jets that occur at the boundaries between quasi-parallel and quasi-perpendicular magnetosheath as boundary jets. Finally, encapsulated jets are jet-like structures with similar characteristics to quasi-parallel jets while the surrounding plasma is of quasi-perpendicular nature. We present the first statistical results of such a classification and provide comparative statistics for each class. Furthermore, we investigate correlations between jet quantities. Quasi-parallel jets have the highest dynamic pressure while occurring more often than quasi-perpendicular jets. The infrequent quasi-perpendicular jets have a much smaller duration, velocity, and density and are therefore relatively weaker. We conclude that quasi-parallel and boundary jets have similar properties and are unlikely to originate from different generation mechanisms. Regarding the encapsulated jets, we suggest that they are a special subset of quasi-parallel jets originating from the flanks of the bow shock, for large IMF cone angles although a relation to flux transfer events (FTEs) and magnetospheric plasma is also possible. Our results support existing generation theories, such as the bow shock ripple and SLAMS-associated mechanisms while indicating that other factors may contribute as well.
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| 20. |
- Raptis, Savvas, et al.
(författare)
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Downstream high-speed plasma jet generation as a direct consequence of shock reformation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shocks are one of nature’s most powerful particle accelerators and have been connected to relativistic electron acceleration and cosmic rays. Upstream shock observations include wave generation, wave-particle interactions and magnetic compressive structures, while at the shock and downstream, particle acceleration, magnetic reconnection and plasma jets can be observed. Here, using Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) we show in-situ evidence of high-speed downstream flows (jets) generated at the Earth’s bow shock as a direct consequence of shock reformation. Jets are observed downstream due to a combined effect of upstream plasma wave evolution and an ongoing reformation cycle of the bow shock. This generation process can also be applicable to planetary and astrophysical plasmas where collisionless shocks are commonly found.
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| 21. |
- Ronquist, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Completing Linnaeus’s inventory of the Swedish insect fauna: only 5,000 species left?
- 2020
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 15:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite more than 250 years of taxonomic research, we still have only a vague idea about the true size and composition of the faunas and floras of the planet. Many biodiversity inventories provide limited insight because they focus on a small taxonomic subsample or a tiny geographic area. Here, we report on the size and composition of the Swedish insect fauna, thought to represent roughly half of the diversity of multicellular life in one of the largest European countries. Our results are based on more than a decade of data from the Swedish Taxonomy Initiative and its massive inventory of the country’s insect fauna, the Swedish Malaise Trap Project The fauna is considered one of the best known in the world, but the initiative has nevertheless revealed a surprising amount of hidden diversity: more than 3,000 new species (301 new to science) have been documented so far. Here, we use three independent methods to analyze the true size and composition of the fauna at the family or subfamily level: (1) assessments by experts who have been working on the most poorly known groups in the fauna; (2) estimates based on the proportion of new species discovered in the Malaise trap inventory; and (3) extrapolations based on species abundance and incidence data from the inventory. For the last method, we develop a new estimator, the combined non-parametric estimator, which we show is less sensitive to poor coverage of the species pool than other popular estimators. The three methods converge on similar estimates of the size and composition of the fauna, suggesting that it comprises around 33,000 species. Of those, 8,600 (26%) were unknown at the start of the inventory and 5,000 (15%) still await discovery. We analyze the taxonomic and ecological composition of the estimated fauna, and show that most of the new species belong to Hymenoptera and Diptera groups that are decomposers or parasitoids. Thus, current knowledge of the Swedish insect fauna is strongly biased taxonomically and ecologically, and we show that similar but even stronger biases have distorted our understanding of the fauna in the past. We analyze latitudinal gradients in the size and composition of known European insect faunas and show that several of the patterns contradict the Swedish data, presumably due to similar knowledge biases. Addressing these biases is critical in understanding insect biomes and the ecosystem services they provide. Our results emphasize the need to broaden the taxonomic scope of current insect monitoring efforts, a task that is all the more urgent as recent studies indicate a possible worldwide decline in insect faunas.
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| 22. |
- Sjörs Dahlman, Anna, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Field evaluation of using Polar H10 sensor to measure heart rate variability for driver state monitoring
- 2022
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Ingår i: Road Safety on Five Continents – RS5C. Proceedings. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 74-76
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Physiological measurements have potential to complement conventional driver monitoring systems based on driving performance and facial features. Heart rate variability (HRV), a physiological marker reflecting changes of the cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system, have drawn great interest for assessing drivers’ fatigue, stress, task load, etc. In addition, the popularization of consumer wearable heart rate (HR) monitors makes it possible to assess HR in daily driving scenarios. A previous study compared HR measured with a wrist band based on photoplethysmography (PPG) to electrocardiography (ECG) for fatigue detection, and showed that PPG based HR can be used for this application but with reduced detection performance. The chest strap HR monitor is another type of common wearable HR sensor based on ECG measured by dry electrodes. Studies have shown that it can deliver excellent HR measurement in rest and low intensity activity. Its accuracy in driving scenarios has not been validated. This work aims to validate the Polar H10 HR sensor for HRV analysis in real road driving, with the application for driver sleepiness detection
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| 23. |
- Strell, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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High PDGFRb Expression Predicts Resistance to Radiotherapy in DCIS within the SweDCIS Randomized Trial.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. - : American Association For Cancer Research (AACR). - 1557-3265 .- 1078-0432. ; 27:12, s. 3469-3477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyzes the potential of stromal platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFRb) expression as biomarker for radiotherapy (RT) benefit on ipsilateral breast events (IBE) in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Improved identification of DCIS patients refractory to adjuvant whole-breast RT is needed. Predictive biomarker studies in DCIS have focused on tumor cell features rather than the tumor-associated stroma, despite growing evidence of its influence on therapy efficiency.Samples from the Swedish randomized radiotherapy DCIS trial (SweDCIS) were subjected to IHC analysis for stromal PDGFRb expression. IBE incidence at 10 years after breast-conserving surgery was the primary endpoint. Interactions between marker and treatment were analyzed.PDGFRb score was predictive for RT benefit with regard to IBE (Pinteraction = 0.002 and Pinteraction = 0.008 adjusted multivariably). Patients of the PDGFRblow group had a strong benefit from RT regarding IBE risk [HR, 0.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.12-0.45; P < 0.001] with an absolute risk reduction of 21% (cumulative risk 7% vs. 28%) at 10 years. No significant risk reduction by RT was observed for patients of the PDGFRbhigh group (HR, 0.83; 0.51-1.34; P = 0.444; cumulative risk 22% vs. 25%). The RT response-predictive effect of stromal PDGFRb was equally strong in analyses for in situ and invasive IBE when analyzed separately (in situ IBE: P = 0.029; invasive IBE: P = 0.044).Results suggest high stromal PDGFRb expression as a novel biomarker identifying DCIS patients who are refractory to standard whole-breast adjuvant RT. The data imply previously unrecognized fibroblast-mediated modulation of radiosensitivity of DCIS, which should be further explored from mechanistic and targeting perspectives.
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| 24. |
- Strell, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic and predictive impact of stroma cells defined by PDGFRb expression in early breast cancer : results from the randomized SweBCG91RT trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-6806 .- 1573-7217. ; 187:1, s. 45-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Predictive biomarkers are needed to aid the individualization of radiotherapy (RT) in breast cancer. Cancer-associated fibroblasts have been implicated in tumor radioresistance and can be identified by platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFRb). This study aims to analyze how PDGFRb expression affects RT benefit in a large randomized RT trial. Methods: PDGFRb was assessed by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays from 989 tumors of the SweBCG91RT trial, which enrolled lymph node-negative, stage I/IIA breast cancer patients randomized to RT after breast-conserving surgery. Outcomes were analyzed at 10 years for ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) and any recurrence and 15 years for breast cancer specific death (BCSD). Results: PDGFRb expression correlated with estrogen receptor negativity and younger age. An increased risk for any recurrence was noted in univariable analysis for the medium (HR 1.58, CI 95% 1.11–2.23, p = 0.011) or PDGFRb high group (1.49, 1.06–2.10, p = 0.021) compared to the low group. No differences in IBTR or BCSD risk were detected. RT benefit regarding IBTR risk was significant in the PDGFRb low (0.29, 0.12–0.67, p = 0.004) and medium (0.31, 0.16–0.59, p < 0.001) groups but not the PDGFRb high group (0.64, 0.36–1.11, p = 0.110) in multivariable analysis. Likewise, risk reduction for any recurrence was less pronounced in the PDGFRb high group. No significant interaction between RT and PDGFRb-score could be detected. Conclusion: A higher PDGFRb-score conferred an increased risk of any recurrence, which partly can be explained by its association with estrogen receptor negativity and young age. Reduced RT benefit was noted among patients with high PDGFRb, however without significant interaction.
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| 25. |
- Ståhle, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Designguide för Smarta gator
- 2022
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Designguiden för smarta gator konkretiserar hur de fyra megatrenderna urbanisering, digitalisering, samhällsförändringar och miljöförändringar leder till nya krav och utformningsprinciper för framtidens gator. Guiden är tänkt att fungera som en inspiration och ett underlag för att förnya svensk gatupolicy på nationell, regional och kommunal nivå.Guiden innehåller utöver en inledning följande kapitel: en historisk tillbakablick (gatans utveckling), gatans användning, gatans delar, gatans design, designprocessen, guidens genomförande.
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| 26. |
- Tanner, Lloyd, et al.
(författare)
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Citrullination of extracellular histone H3.1 reduces antibacterial activity and exacerbates its proteolytic degradation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Cystic Fibrosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5010 .- 1569-1993. ; 20:2, s. 346-355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF), involves excessive airway accumulation of neutrophils, often in parallel with severe infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Free histones are known to possess bactericidal properties, but the degree of antibacterial activity exerted on specific lung-based pathogens is largely unknown. Neutrophils have a high content of peptidyl deiminase 4 (PADI4), which citrullinate cationic peptidyl-arginines. In histone H3.1, several positions in the NH2-terminal tail are subject to citrullination.METHODS: Full-length and segmented histone subunit H3.1 was investigated for bactericidal activity towards P. aeruginosa (strain PAO1). PADI4-induced citrullination of histone H3.1 was assessed for antibacterial activity towards P. aeruginosa. Next, the effect of neutrophil elastase (NE)-mediated proteolysis of histone H3.1 was investigated. Finally, PADI4, H3.1, and citrullinated H3.1 were examined in healthy control and CF patient lung tissues.RESULTS: Full-length histone H3.1 and sections of the histone H3.1 tail, displayed bactericidal activity towards P. aeruginosa. These antibacterial effects were reduced following citrullination by PADI4 or proteolysis by NE. Interestingly, citrullination of histone H3.1 exacerbated NE-mediated degradation. In CF lung tissue, citrullinated histone H3.1 and PADI4 immunoreactivity was abundant. Degraded histone H3.1 was detected in the sputum of CF patients but was absent in the sputum of healthy controls.CONCLUSIONS: Citrullination impairs the antibacterial activity of histone H3.1 and exacerbates its proteolytic degradation by NE. Citrullination is likely to play an important role during resolution of acute inflammation. However, in chronic inflammation akin to CF, citrullination may dampen host defense and promote pathogen survival, as exemplified by P. aeruginosa.
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| 27. |
- Verbeeck, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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How to Analyze Continuous and Discrete Repeated Measures in Small-Sample Cross-Over Trials?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Biometrics. - : Oxford University Press. - 0006-341X .- 1541-0420. ; 79:4, s. 3998-4011
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To optimize the use of data from a small number of subjects in rare disease trials, an at first sight advantageous design is the repeated measures cross-over design. However, it is unclear how these within-treatment period and within-subject clustered data are best analyzed in small-sample trials. In a real-data simulation study based upon a recent epidermolysis bullosa simplex trial using this design, we compare non-parametric marginal models, generalized pairwise comparison models, GEE-type models and parametric model averaging for both repeated binary and count data. The recommendation of which methodology to use in rare disease trials with a repeated measures cross-over design depends on the type of outcome and the number of time points the treatment has an effect on. The non-parametric marginal model testing the treatment-time-interaction effect is suitable for detecting between group differences in the shapes of the longitudinal profiles. For binary outcomes with the treatment effect on a single time point, the parametric model averaging method is recommended, while in the other cases the unmatched generalized pairwise comparison methodology is recommended. Both provide an easily interpretable effect size measure, and do not require exclusion of periods or subjects due to incompleteness.
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| 28. |
- Wackenhut, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Fångarna av det runda bordet – spelteori i ALC
- 2022
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Ingår i: Använd rummet: Högskolepedagogiska metoder för aktiva lärosalar. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144157795 ; , s. 185-194
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 29. |
- Wennergren, Mattias, 1993, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish Child Health Services Register: a quality register for child health services and children's well-being.
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMJ paediatrics open. - : BMJ. - 2399-9772. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swedish child health services (CHS) is a free-of-charge healthcare system that reaches almost all children under the age of 6. The aim for the CHS is to improve children's physical, psychological and social health by promoting health and development, preventing illness and detecting emerging problems early in the child's life. The services are defined in a national programme divided into three parts: universal interventions, targeted interventions and indicated interventions.The Swedish Child Health Services Register (BHVQ) is a national Quality Register developed in 2013. The register extracts data from the child's health record and automatically presents current data in real time. At present, the register includes 21 variables.We aim to describe data available in the BHVQ and the completeness of data in BHVQ across variables.Child-specific data were exported from the register, and data for children born in the regions were retrieved from Statistics Sweden to calculate coverage.The register includes over 110000 children born between 2011 and 2022 from 221 child healthcare centres in eight of Sweden's 21 regions. In seven of the eight regions, 100% of centres report data.The completeness of data differs between participating regions and birth cohorts. The average coverage for children born in 2021 is 71%.The BHVQ is a valuable resource for evaluating Child Health Services nationally, with high coverage for the youngest children. As a result of continuous improvement of the services, the possibility to follow the development of children's health in Sweden is possible through the register. When fully expanded, the register will be a natural and essential part of developing preventive services, improving healthcare for children below 6years of age and a tool for developing evidence-based child health interventions.
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