| 1. |
- Sarwar, Nadeem, et al.
(författare)
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Interleukin-6 receptor pathways in coronary heart disease : a collaborative meta-analysis of 82 studies
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - New York, NY, USA : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 379:9822, s. 1205-1213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Persistent inflammation has been proposed to contribute to various stages in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R) signalling propagates downstream inflammation cascades. To assess whether this pathway is causally relevant to coronary heart disease, we studied a functional genetic variant known to affect IL6R signalling. Methods: In a collaborative meta-analysis, we studied Asp358Ala (rs2228145) in IL6R in relation to a panel of conventional risk factors and inflammation biomarkers in 125 222 participants. We also compared the frequency of Asp358Ala in 51 441 patients with coronary heart disease and in 136 226 controls. To gain insight into possible mechanisms, we assessed Asp358Ala in relation to localised gene expression and to postlipopolysaccharide stimulation of interleukin 6. Findings: The minor allele frequency of Asp358Ala was 39%. Asp358Ala was not associated with lipid concentrations, blood pressure, adiposity, dysglycaemia, or smoking (p value for association per minor allele >= 0.04 for each). By contrast, for every copy of 358Ala inherited, mean concentration of IL6R increased by 34.3% (95% CI 30.4-38.2) and of interleukin 6 by 14.6% (10.7-18.4), and mean concentration of C-reactive protein was reduced by 7.5% (5.9-9.1) and of fibrinogen by 1.0% (0.7-1.3). For every copy of 358Ala inherited, risk of coronary heart disease was reduced by 3.4% (1.8-5.0). Asp358Ala was not related to IL6R mRNA levels or interleukin-6 production in monocytes. Interpretation: Large-scale human genetic and biomarker data are consistent with a causal association between IL6R-related pathways and coronary heart disease.
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| 2. |
- Vimaleswaran, Karani S, et al.
(författare)
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Association of vitamin D status with arterial blood pressure and hypertension risk: a mendelian randomisation study.
- 2014
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Ingår i: The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology. - 2213-8595 .- 2213-8587. ; 2:9, s. 719-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration is associated with high arterial blood pressure and hypertension risk, but whether this association is causal is unknown. We used a mendelian randomisation approach to test whether 25(OH)D concentration is causally associated with blood pressure and hypertension risk. Methods In this mendelian randomisation study, we generated an allele score (25[OH]D synthesis score) based on variants of genes that affect 25(OH)D synthesis or substrate availability (CYP2R1 and DHCR7), which we used as a proxy for 25(OH)D concentration. We meta-analysed data for up to 108173 individuals from 35 studies in the D-CarDia collaboration to investigate associations between the allele score and blood pressure measurements. We complemented these analyses with previously published summary statistics from the International Consortium on Blood Pressure (ICBP), the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium, and the Global Blood Pressure Genetics (Global BPGen) consortium. Findings In phenotypic analyses (up to n=49363), increased 25(OH)D concentration was associated with decreased systolic blood pressure (β per 10% increase, −0·12 mm Hg, 95% CI −0·20 to −0·04; p=0·003) and reduced odds of hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 0·98, 95% CI 0·97–0·99; p=0·0003), but not with decreased diastolic blood pressure (β per 10% increase, −0·02 mm Hg, −0·08 to 0·03; p=0·37). In meta-analyses in which we combined data from D-CarDia and the ICBP (n=146581, after exclusion of overlapping studies), each 25(OH)D-increasing allele of the synthesis score was associated with a change of −0·10 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure (−0·21 to −0·0001; p=0·0498) and a change of −0·08 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure (−0·15 to −0·02; p=0·01). When D-CarDia and consortia data for hypertension were meta-analysed together (n=142255), the synthesis score was associated with a reduced odds of hypertension (OR per allele, 0·98, 0·96–0·99; p=0·001). In instrumental variable analysis, each 10% increase in genetically instrumented 25(OH)D concentration was associated with a change of −0·29 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure (−0·52 to −0·07; p=0·01), a change of −0·37 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure (−0·73 to 0·003; p=0·052), and an 8·1% decreased odds of hypertension (OR 0·92, 0·87–0·97; p=0·002). Interpretation Increased plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D might reduce the risk of hypertension. This finding warrants further investigation in an independent, similarly powered study.
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| 3. |
- Björck, Hanna M., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of Shear-Sensitive Genes in the NormalRat Aorta Identifies Hand2 as a Major Flow-ResponsiveTranscription Factor
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Shear forces play a key role in the maintenance of vessel wall integrity. Current understanding regarding shear-dependent gene expression is mainly based on in vitro or in vivo observations with experimentally deranged shear, hence reflecting acute molecular events in relation to flow. Our objective was to determine wall shear stress (WSS) in the rat aorta and study flow-dependent vessel wall biology under physiological conditions.Methods and Results: Animal-specific aortic WSS magnitude and vector direction were estimated using computational fluid dynamic simulation based on aortic geometry and flow information acquired by MRI. Two distinct flow pattern regions were identified in the normal rat aorta; the distal part of the inner curvature being exposed to low WSS and a non-uniform vector direction, and a region along the outer curvature being subjected to markedly higher levels of WSS and a uniform vector direction. Microarray analysis revealed a strong differential expression between the flow regions, particularly associated with transcriptional regulation. In particular, several genes related to Ca2+-signalling, inflammation, proliferation and oxidative stress were among the most highly differentially expressed.Conclusions: Microarray analysis validated the CFD-defined WSS regions in the rat aorta, and several novel flow-dependent genes were identified. The importance of these genes in relation to atherosusceptibility needs further investigation.
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| 4. |
- Buker, P., et al.
(författare)
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DO3SE modelling of soil moisture to determine ozone flux to forest trees
- 2012
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 12:12, s. 5537-5562
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The DO3SE (Deposition of O-3 for Stomatal Exchange) model is an established tool for estimating ozone (O-3) deposition, stomatal flux and impacts to a variety of vegetation types across Europe. It has been embedded within the EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme) photochemical model to provide a policy tool capable of relating the flux-based risk of vegetation damage to O-3 precursor emission scenarios for use in policy formulation. A key limitation of regional flux-based risk assessments has been the assumption that soil water deficits are not limiting O-3 flux due to the unavailability of evaluated methods for modelling soil water deficits and their influence on stomatal conductance (g(sto)), and subsequent O-3 flux. This paper describes the development and evaluation of a method to estimate soil moisture status and its influence on g(sto) for a variety of forest tree species. This DO3SE soil moisture module uses the Penman-Monteith energy balance method to drive water cycling through the soil-plant-atmosphere system and empirical data describing g(sto) relationships with pre-dawn leaf water status to estimate the biological control of transpiration. We trial four different methods to estimate this biological control of the transpiration stream, which vary from simple methods that relate soil water content or potential directly to g(sto), to more complex methods that incorporate hydraulic resistance and plant capacitance that control water flow through the plant system. These methods are evaluated against field data describing a variety of soil water variables, g(sto) and transpiration data for Norway spruce (Picea abies), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), birch (Betula pendula), aspen (Populus tremuloides), beech (Fagus sylvatica) and holm oak (Quercus ilex) collected from ten sites across Europe and North America. Modelled estimates of these variables show consistency with observed data when applying the simple empirical methods, with the timing and magnitude of soil drying events being captured well across all sites and reductions in transpiration with the onset of drought being predicted with reasonable accuracy. The more complex methods, which incorporate hydraulic resistance and plant capacitance, perform less well, with predicted drying cycles consistently underestimating the rate and magnitude of water loss from the soil. A sensitivity analysis showed that model performance was strongly dependent upon the local parameterisation of key model drivers such as the maximum g(sto), soil texture, root depth and leaf area index. The results suggest that the simple modelling methods that relate g(sto) directly to soil water content and potential provide adequate estimates of soil moisture and influence on g(sto) such that they are suitable to be used to assess the potential risk posed by O-3 to forest trees across Europe.
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| 5. |
- Teleman, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Automated Selected Reaction Monitoring Software for Accurate Label-Free Protein Quantification.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Proteome Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1535-3893 .- 1535-3907. ; 11:7, s. 3766-3773
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Selected reaction monitoring (SRM) is a mass spectrometry method with documented ability to quantify proteins accurately and reproducibly using labeled reference peptides. However, the use of labeled reference peptides becomes impractical if large numbers of peptides are targeted and when high flexibility is desired when selecting peptides. We have developed a label-free quantitative SRM workflow that relies on a new automated algorithm, Anubis, for accurate peak detection. Anubis efficiently removes interfering signals from contaminating peptides to estimate the true signal of the targeted peptides. We evaluated the algorithm on a published multisite data set and achieved results in line with manual data analysis. In complex peptide mixtures from whole proteome digests of Streptococcus pyogenes we achieved a technical variability across the entire proteome abundance range of 6.5-19.2%, which was considerably below the total variation across biological samples. Our results show that the label-free SRM workflow with automated data analysis is feasible for large-scale biological studies, opening up new possibilities for quantitative proteomics and systems biology.
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| 6. |
- Ahlgren, Kerstin M., et al.
(författare)
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Increased IL-17A secretion in response to Candida albicans in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 and its animal model
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0014-2980 .- 1521-4141. ; 41:1, s. 235-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is a multiorgan autoimmune disease caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism and adrenal failure are hallmarks of the disease. The critical mechanisms causing chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in APS-1 patients have not been identified although autoantibodies to cytokines are implicated in the pathogenesis. To investigate whether the Th reactivity to Candida albicans (C. albicans) and other stimuli was altered, we isolated PBMC from APS-1 patients and matched healthy controls. The Th17 pathway was upregulated in response to C. albicans in APS-1 patients, whereas the IL-22 secretion was reduced. Autoantibodies against IL-22, IL-17A and IL-17F were detected in sera from APS-1 patients by immunoprecipitation. In addition, Aire-deficient (Aire(0/0) ) mice were much more susceptible than Aire(+/+) mice to mucosal candidiasis and C. albicans-induced Th17- and Th1-cell responses were increased in Aire(0/0) mice. Thus an excessive IL-17A reactivity towards C. albicans was observed in APS-1 patients and Aire(0/0) mice.
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| 7. |
- Bergfeldt, Erik
(författare)
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Available-Bandwidth Estimation in Packet-Switched Communication Networks
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis presents novel methods that are able to perform real-time estimation of the available bandwidth of a network path. In networks such as the Internet, knowledge of bandwidth characteristics is of great significance in, e.g., network monitoring, admission control, and audio/video streaming.The term bandwidth describes the amount of information a network can deliver per unit of time. For network end users, it is only feasible to obtain bandwidth properties of a path by actively probing the network with probe packets, and to perform estimation based on received measurements. In this thesis, two active-probing based methods for real-time available-bandwidth estimation are presented and evaluated.The first method, BART (Bandwidth Available in Real-Time), uses Kalman filtering for the analysis of received probe packets. BART is examined analytically and through experiments which are carried out in wired and wireless laboratory networks as well as over the Internet and commercial mobile broadband networks. The opportunity of tuning the Kalman filter and enhancing the performance by introducing change detection are investigated in more detail. Generally, the results show accurate estimation with only modest computational efforts and minor injections of probe packets.However, it is possible to identify weaknesses of BART, and a summary of these as well as general problems and challenges in the field of available-bandwidth estimation are laid out in the thesis. The second method, E-MAP (Expectation-Maximization Active Probing), is designed to overcome some of these issues. E-MAP modifies the active-probing scheme of BART and utilizes the expectation-maximization algorithm before filtering is used to generate a bandwidth estimate.Overall, this thesis shows that in many cases it is achievable to obtain efficient and reliable real-time estimation of available bandwidth by using light-weight analysis techniques and negligible probe-traffic overhead. Hence, this opens up exciting new possibilities for a range of applications and services in communication networks.
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| 8. |
- Bergfeldt, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Real-time bandwidth measurements over mobile connections
- 2011
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Ingår i: European transactions on telecommunications. - : John Wiley and Sons. - 1124-318X .- 2161-3915. ; 22:6, s. 255-267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first study that investigates the characteristics of received probe packets and the reliability of bandwidth estimates when actively measuring the available bandwidth over radio interfaces in mobile communication networks is presented. Knowledge of available bandwidth is very useful in various contexts, e. g. in network management and adaptive streaming applications. Bandwidth measuring tools have so far primarily been designed for and evaluated in wired networks. However, such tools should also be examined in wireless networks since the use of, e. g., mobile broadband is rapidly increasing. The properties of wired and wireless links differ substantially, which affect the performance of the tools. We have made active-probing experiments over a high-speed downlink shared channel, which is used for High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) in the mobile communication technology UMTS, and over a forward traffic channel in CDMA2000 1xEV-DO. Both experiments were performed over commercial networks. They show that one cannot always expect uniform per-packet processing over the radio channel in mobile networks, which is expected by many probing tools. This reduces the reliability of the available-bandwidth estimates, however we suggest how this can be handled. Finally, the mobile-network measurements are compared to experiments performed in an IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN, where the radio channel does not create the same packet-processing behaviour. We also discuss the possibility of using the probe traffic for the purpose of identifying the communication technology at the bottleneck of the network path, assumed this is a wireless broadband link, by mapping specifications of standardised communication technologies to observed probe-traffic characteristics.
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| 9. |
- Brown, Kelly, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Host defense peptide LL-37 selectively reduces proinflammatory macrophage responses.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). - : The American Association of Immunologists. - 1550-6606 .- 0022-1767. ; 186:9, s. 5497-505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human cathelicidin peptide, LL-37, is a host defense peptide with a wide range of immunomodulatory activities and modest direct antimicrobial properties. LL-37 can exert both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects and can modulate the proinflammatory responses of human peripheral blood monocytes and epithelial cells. In this study, we evaluated the effect of LL-37 on mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) and tissue macrophages in vitro and in vivo. LL-37 dramatically reduced TNF-α and NO levels produced by LPS and IFN-γ-polarized M1-BMDM and slightly reduced reactive oxygen species production by these cells. LL-37 did not affect the ability of IL-4-polarized M2-BMDM to upregulate arginase activity, although it did inhibit LPS-induced TNF-α secretion in these cells. LL-37 did not compromise the ability of M1-polarized BMDM to phagocytose and kill bacteria and did not affect the uptake of apoptotic neutrophils by M2-polarized BMDM. However, LL-37-treated M1-BMDM were more efficient at suppressing tumor growth in vitro. LL-37 significantly reduced LPS-induced TNF-α secretion in ex vivo alveolar macrophages, whereas its effect on peritoneal macrophages was much less dramatic. Effective inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-α secretion by alveolar macrophages also occurred in vivo when LL-37 was administered by intratracheal injection. This demonstrates a selective ability of LL-37 to decrease M1-BMDM, M2-BMDM, and tissue macrophage production of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α in response to LPS while leaving other crucial anti-inflammatory M1 and M2 macrophage functions unaltered.
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| 10. |
- Burman, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Deaths Among Adult Patients With Hypopituitarism: Hypocortisolism During Acute Stress, and De Novo Malignant Brain Tumors Contribute to an Increased Mortality
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 98:4, s. 1466-1475
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Patients with hypopituitarism have an increased standardized mortality rate. The basis for Objective: To investigate in detail the cause of death in a large cohort of patients with hypopituitarism Design and Methods: All-cause and cause-specific mortality in 1286 Swedish patients with Main Outcome Measures: Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated, with stratification for Results: An excess mortality was found, 120 deaths vs 84.3 expected, SMR 1.42 (95% confidence Conclusion: Two important causes of excess mortality were identified: first, adrenal crisis in response
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| 11. |
- Delling, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility of bariatric surgery as a strategy for secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease: a report from the Swedish obese subjects trial.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of obesity (Online). - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-0716 .- 2090-0708. ; 2010
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims. Evaluation of bariatric surgery as secondary prevention in obese patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Methods. Analysis of data from 4047 subjects in the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOSs) study. Thirty-five patients with IHD are treated with bariatric surgery (n = 21) or conventional treatment (n = 14). Mean follow-up is 10.8 years. Results. Bariatric surgery resulted in sustained weight loss during the study period. After 2 years, the surgery group displayed significant reductions in cardiovascular risk factors, relief from cardiorespiratory symptoms, increments in physical activity, and improved quality of life. After 10 years, recovery from hypertension, diabetes, physical inactivity, and depression was still more common in the surgery group. There were no signs of increased cardiovascular morbidity or mortality in the surgery group. Conclusion. Bariatric surgery appears to be a safe and feasible treatment to achieve long-term weight loss and improvement in cardiovascular risk factors, symptoms, and quality of life in obese subjects with IHD.
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| 12. |
- Gundlegård, David
(författare)
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Generating Road Traffic Information Based on Cellular Network Signaling
- 2013
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cellular networks of today generate a massive amount of signalling data. A large part of this signalling is generated to handle the mobility of subscribers, irrespective of the subscriber actively uses the terminal or not. Hence it contains location information that can be used to fundamentally change our understanding of human travel patterns.This thesis aims to analyse the potential and limitations of using this signalling data in the context of road traffic information, i.e. how we can estimate the road network traffic state based on standard signalling data already available in cellular networks. This is achieved by analytical examination and experiments with signalling data and measurements generated by standard cell phones.The thesis describes the location data that is available from signalling messages in GSM, GPRS and UMTS networks, both in idle mode and when engaged in a telephone call or a data session. The signalling data available in a ll three networks is useful to estimate traffic information, although the resolution in time and space will to a large extent depend on in which mode the terminal is operating.Spatial analysis of handover signalling data has been performed for terminals engaged in telephone calls. The analysis indicates that handover events from both GSM and UMTS networks can be used as efficient input to systems for travel time estimation, given that route classification and filtering of non -vehicle terminals can be solved.By analysing signalling data and received signal strength (RSS) measur ements from cell phones, it can be seen the route classification problem in the context of estimating travel times based on handover events is non -trivial even for highway environments. However, it is presented that the problem can be sa tisfactory solved for highway environments by using basic classification methods, like for example Bayesian classification.Furthermore the thesis points out that the new era of smartphones can be an enabler for road traffic information from cellular networks in the close future. By examining measurements collected by a smartphone client, it is illu strated how the radio map for cell phone positioning can be built by participatory sensing. It is also shown that the location accuracy of RSS-based cell phone positioning is accurate enough to p rovide both travel time and OD-matrix estimation.
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| 13. |
- Gundlegård, David, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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The Smartphone as Enabler for Road Traffic Information Based on Cellular Network Signalling
- 2012
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The higher penetration rate of GPS-enabled smartphones together with their improved processing power and battery life makes them suitable for a nu mber of participatory sensing applications. The purpose of this paper is to an alyse how GPS-enabled smartphones can be used in a participatory sensingcontext to build a radio map for RSS-based positioning, with a special focus on road traffic information based on cellular network signalling.The CEP-67 location accuracy achieved is 75 meters for both GSM and UMTS using Bayesian classification. For this test site, the accuracy is similar for GSM and UMTS, with slightly better results for UMTS in the CEP-95 error metric.The location accuracy achieved is good enough to avoid large errors in travel time estimation for highway environments, especially considering the possibility to filter out estimates with low accuracy using for example the posterior bin probability in Bayesian classification. For urban environments more research is required to determine how the location accuracy will affect the path inference problem in a dense road network. The location accuracy achieved in this paper is also sufficient for other traffic information types, for example origin-destination estimation based on location area updates.
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| 14. |
- Gundlegård, David, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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The Smartphone As Enabler for Road Traffic Information Based on Cellular Network Signalling
- 2013
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Ingår i: Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), 2013. - : IEEE. - 9781479929146 ; , s. 2106-2112
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The higher penetration rate of GPS-enabled smartphones together with their improved processing power and battery life makes them suitable for a number of participatory sensing applications. The purpose of this paper is to analyse how GPS-enabled smartphones can be used in a participatory sensing context to build a radio map for RSS-based positioning, with a special focus on road traffic information based on cellular network signalling. The CEP-67 location accuracy achieved is 75 meters for both GSM and UMTS using Bayesian classification. For this test site, the accuracy is similar for GSM and UMTS, with slightly better results for UMTS in the CEP-95 error metric. The location accuracy achieved is good enough to avoid large errors in travel time estimation for highway environments, especially considering the possibility to filter out estimates with low accuracy using for example the posterior bin probability in Bayesian classification. For urban environments more research is required to determine how the location accuracy will affect the path inference problem in a dense road network. The location accuracy achieved in this paper is also sufficient for other traffic information types, for example origin-destination estimation based on location area updates.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Haghsheno, Mohammad-Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Low 25-OH Vitamin D Level is Associated with Benign Prostatic Enlargement (BPE).
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Journal of urology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1527-3792 .- 0022-5347. ; 190:2, s. 608-614
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that low levels of vitamin D were associated with Benign Prostatic Enlargement (BPE). We also studied whether body composition, sex hormones, serum SHBG, albumin corrected serum calcium, adiponectin and lipid statuses were associated with BPE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 184 representative randomly selected men aged 72 - 76 years, enrolled in the Gothenburg arm of the MrOs study, were investigated. Men with a medical history of prostate cancer, prostate operation or medication for BPE were excluded leaving 155 men to be analyzed. A cross-sectional study was conducted in which BPE, as measured by the total prostate gland volume, was related to clinical, anthropometric, endocrine and metabolic factors, using univariate and multivariate analyses with regression models. RESULTS: The median prostate volume was 40 ml. In multivariate models only 25-OH vitamin D, albumin corrected serum calcium, serum SHBG and HDL-cholesterol were significantly and inversely associated with large prostate glands. CONCLUSION: The present report adds four independent factors associated with BPE: Low levels of 25-OH vitamin D, serum calcium, SHBG and HDL-cholesterol.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Jin, Chunsheng, et al.
(författare)
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Human Synovial Lubricin Expresses Sialyl Lewis x Determinant and Has L-selectin Ligand Activity
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 287:43, s. 35922-35933
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lubricin (or proteoglycan 4 (PRG4)) is an abundant mucin-like glycoprotein in synovial fluid (SF) and a major component responsible for joint lubrication. In this study, it was shown that O-linked core 2 oligosaccharides (Gal beta 1-3(GlcNAc beta 1-6)GalNAc alpha 1-Thr/Ser) on lubricin isolated from rheumatoid arthritis SF contained both sulfate and fucose residues, and SF lubricin was capable of binding to recombinant L-selectin in a glycosylation-dependent manner. Using resting human polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) from peripheral blood, confocal microscopy showed that lubricin coated circulating PMN and that it partly co-localized with L-selectin expressed by these cells. In agreement with this, activation-induced shedding of L-selectin also mediated decreased lubricin binding to PMN. It was also found that PMN recruited to inflamed synovial area and fluid in rheumatoid arthritis patients kept a coat of lubricin. These observations suggest that lubricin is able to bind to PMN via an L-selectin-dependent and -independent manner and may play a role in PMN-mediated inflammation.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Klingberg, Jenny, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Ozone risk for vegetation in the future climate of Europe based on stomatal ozone uptake calculations
- 2011
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Ingår i: Tellus A. - : Stockholm University Press. ; 63, s. 174-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The negative impacts of surface ozone (O3) on vegetation are determined by external exposure, leaf gas exchange and plant antioxidant defence capacity, all dependent on climate and CO2 concentrations. In this study the influence of climate change on simulated stomatal O3 uptake of a generic crop and a generic deciduous tree at ten European sites was investigated, using the LRTAP Mapping Manual stomatal flux model. O3 concentrations are calculated by a chemistry transport model (MATCH) for three 30-year time-windows (1961-1990, 2021-2050, 2071-2100), with constant precursor emissions and meteorology from a regional climate model (RCA3). Despite substantially increased modelled future O3 concentrations in central and southern Europe, the flux-based risk for O3 damage to vegetation is predicted to remain unchanged or decrease at most sites, mainly as a result of projected reductions in stomatal conductance under rising CO2 concentrations. Drier conditions in southern Europe are also important for this result. At northern latitudes, the current parameterisation of the stomatal conductance model suggest O3 uptake to be mainly limited by temperature. This study demonstrates the importance of accounting for the influences by climate and CO2 on stomatal O3 uptake, and of developing their representation in models, for risk assessment involving climate change.
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| 21. |
- Minock, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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A test-bed for text-to-speech-based pedestrian navigation systems
- 2013
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Ingår i: Natural Language Processing and Information Systems. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642388231 - 9783642388248 ; , s. 396-399
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an Android system to support eyes-free, hands-free navigation through a city. The system operates in two distinct modes: manual and automatic. In manual, a human operator sends text messages which are realized via TTS into the subject's earpiece. The operator sees the subject's GPS position on a map, hears the subject's speech, and sees a 1 fps movie taken from the subject's phone, worn as a necklace. In automatic mode, a programmed controller attempts to achieve the same guidance task as the human operator. We have fully built our manual system and have verified that it can be used to successfully guide pedestrians through a city. All activities are logged in the system into a single, large database state. We are building a series of automatic controllers which require us to confront a set of research challenges, some of which we briefly discuss in this paper. We plan to demonstrate our work live at NLDB.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Sjöström, John
(författare)
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Det komplexa deltagandet : Praktikgemenskaper, kunskapsprocesser och arbetsmiljöarbete vid ett pappersbruk
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Arbetsmiljölagen ger anställda och deras representanter, skyddsombuden, rätt att delta i det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbete som arbetsgivaren har skyldighet att arrangera. Forskning om deltagande har i stor utsträckning varit fokuserad påstrukturella och organisatoriska förutsättningar för anställdas deltagande. Mycket tyder dock på att anställda inte utnyttjar sina starka rättigheter. Avhandlingens analyserar arbetsmiljödeltagandet genom en fallstudie på ett pappersbruk med väl etablerade organisatoriska strukturer för deltagande i syfte att förklara deltagandets grunder bortom de strukturella villkoren. Syfte är att förstå varför anställda inte i avsedd omfattning utnyttjar de möjligheter till arbetsmiljöinflytande som lagstiftning och goda strukturella villkor ger. Avhandlingen visar hur anställda i stor utsträckning handskas med arbetets risker och belastningar genom sin kollektivt utvecklade kompetens, förståelse och ansvar för varandra och i mindre utsträckning genom att interagera med arbetsgivaren genom arbetsmiljödeltagande. Etienne Wengers begrepp ”praktikgemenskaper” används i avhandlingen tillsammans med Paavo Bergmans analys av lagarbete och betydelsen av processpecifik kompetens för att klarlägga de sociala processer för meningsskapande som betingar anställdas deltagande i arbetsmiljöarbetet. Med Lysgaards begrepp ”arbetarkollektivet” visar också avhandlingen på betydelsen av maktrelationerna mellan operatörer och arbetsgivare för möjligheterna att etablera en gemensam kunskapsprocess kring arbetsmiljö genom de former för arbetsmiljödeltagande som var etablerade på pappersbruket.
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