| 1. |
- Andersson, Eva, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of chronic bronchitis in a cohort of pulp mill workers with repeated gassings to sulphur dioxide and other irritant gases
- 2013
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Ingår i: Environmental Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1476-069X. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Occupational exposure to irritants is associated with chronic bronchitis. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether repeated peak exposures with respiratory symptoms, gassings, to sulphur dioxide (SO2) and other irritant gases could increase the risk of chronic bronchitis.METHODS: The study population comprised 3,060 Swedish pulp mill workers (84% males) from a cohort study, who completed a comprehensive questionnaire with items on chronic bronchitis symptoms, smoking habit, occupational history, and specific exposures, including gassings. 2,037 have worked in sulphite mills. Incidence rates and hazard ratios (HRs) for the observation period, 1970-2000, in relation to exposure and the frequency of repeated gassings to SO2 and other irritant gases were calculated.RESULTS: The incidence rate for chronic bronchitis among workers with repeated gassings was 3.5/1,000 person-years compared with 1.5/1,000 person-years among unexposed workers (HR 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-3.1). The risk was even higher in the subgroup with frequent gassings (HR 3.2, 95% CI 2.0-5.2), particularly among never-smokers (HR 8.7, 95% CI 3.5-22).CONCLUSIONS: Repeated gassings to irritant gases increased the incidence of chronic bronchitis in our study population during and after work in pulp mills, supporting the hypothesis that occupational exposures to irritants negatively affect the airways. These results underscore the importance of preventive actions in this work environment.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Hedin, Lage, et al.
(författare)
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N1s and O1s double ionization of the NO and N2O molecules
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 140:4, s. 044309-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single-site N1s and O1s double core ionisation of the NO and N2O molecules has been studied using a magnetic bottle many-electron coincidence time-of-flight spectrometer at photon energies of 1100 eV and 1300 eV. The double core hole energies obtained for NO are 904.8 eV (N1s(-2)) and 1179.4 eV (O1s(-2)). The corresponding energies obtained for N2O are 896.9 eV (terminal N1s(-2)), 906.5 eV (central N1s(-2)), and 1174.1 eV (O1s(-2)). The ratio between the double and single ionisation energies are in all cases close or equal to 2.20. Large chemical shifts are observed in some cases which suggest that reorganisation of the electrons upon the double ionization is significant. Delta-self-consistent field and complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) calculations were performed for both molecules and they are in good agreement with these results. Auger spectra of N2O, associated with the decay of the terminal and central N1s(-2) as well as with the O1s(-2) dicationic states, were extracted showing the two electrons emitted as a result of filling the double core holes. The spectra, which are interpreted using CASSCF and complete active space configuration interaction calculations, show atomic-like character. The cross section ratio between double and single core hole creation was estimated as 1.6 x 10(-3) for nitrogen at 1100 eV and as 1.3 x 10(-3) for oxygen at 1300 eV.
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| 6. |
- Karlsson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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"Carpe Diem" : Supporting conversations between individuals with dementia and their family members
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Gerontological Nursing. - : SLACK, Inc.. - 0098-9134 .- 1938-243X. ; 40:2, s. 38-46
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Remembrance of recent events is a major problem for individuals with dementia. Consequently, this article explores the process of acceptance and integration of a digital photograph diary (DPD) as a tool for remembrance of and conversations about daily life events. A design for multiple case studies was used. Seven couples, in which one individual in the couple had Alzheimer's disease, tested the DPD for 6 months. Data were collected in three sequences with interviews, observations, and screening instruments. In the analysis, all data were integrated to find common patterns of content. Some couples became regular users, while others used the DPD more sporadically. Factors contributing to regular use were how the DPD matched expectations, actual use, support, experienced usefulness, and reactions from family and friends. For those couples who became regular users, the DPD facilitated their conversation about recent daily activities
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| 7. |
- Karlsson, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
-
Field experiment data available for studies of pre-commercial thinnings
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Between 1953 and 1961 a series of pre-commercial thinning experiments were established in Sweden, in which selective thinning removals to various numbers of stems per hectare were applied. During the years 1970-1985 complementary pre-commercial thinning experiments were established, in which (inter alia) selective pre-commercial thinning treatments were applied at various mean tree heights, in strips, with and without fertilization and/or pruning, and with or without removal of cut trees. In total, experiments were established in 140 stands in Sweden, mainly in Scots pine and Norway spruce sites. The experiments have usually been assessed every five years up to the first thinning (at a dominant height of 12-15 m). Most data from the assessments have now been compiled in a digitized format for convenient computer analyses and results from several analyses are being prepared for publication. The main objectives of this paper are to provide a detailed report of the structure of the experiments and the accessibility of the data. A summary of previously published results based on the experiments is also presented
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| 8. |
- Karlsson, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
-
Fältdatasystem för skogliga fältförsök
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport beskriver ett Internet-baserat system anpassat för att hantera träd-data från skogliga fältförsök. Systemet har konstruerats för att uppfylla ett flertal krav. Systemet erbjuder säker långtidslagring av skogliga fältförsöksdata, tillgänglighet överallt och när som helst utan behov av jourhavande administratör, datorstöd vid revision av fältförsök, samt tillhandahåller sammanställningar av tillståndet på försöksytor vid olika revisioner (statistikkort) och digitala dataset för statistiska analyser. I systemet ingår ett skräddarsytt datorprogram att användas i handdatorer för utomhusbruk vid revision av skogliga fältförsök. Rapporten inkluderar en detaljerad beskrivning av hur insamlad fältdata bearbetas för olika presentationer över skogstillståndet på skogliga försöksytor.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Karlsson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary influence on the m. longissimus dorsi fatty acid composition of lambs in relation to protein source
- 2012
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Ingår i: Meat Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0309-1740 .- 1873-4138. ; 91, s. 472-477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dietary lipid effect, as a consequence of protein supplement, on lamb m. longissimus dorsi fatty acid composition was investigated, with emphasis on biohydrogenation intermediates. Crossbred lambs (White Swedish Landrace x Texel) were fed a barley-based diet without (CON) or with protein supplements including peas (PEA), rapeseed cake (RC) or hempseed cake (HC). The HC diet resulted in the highest muscle 22:6n-3 proportion, with the RC diet being similar (P < 0.05). Protein supplement did not affect the c9,t11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) proportion, however the HC diet increased some minor CIA isomers, including t10,c12 CIA (P < 0.05). The t10-18:1 and total trans-18:1 were lowest for the RC diet (P < 0.05). likely relating to rumen conditions and precursor availability. The saturated, monounsaturated and branched-chain fatty acids were largely unaffected by protein supplement. In conclusion, feeding the RC diet lowered the t10-18:1 and total trans-18:1 in meat, and modestly increased 22:6n-3 content. The direction of these changes would be beneficial, making the RC diet the preferred protein supplement; however the magnitude of the changes in the present experiment may not be sufficient to have an impact on human health. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 11. |
- Karlsson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of increasing amounts of hempseed cake in the diet of dairy cows on the production and composition of milk
- 2010
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Ingår i: Animal. - 1751-7311 .- 1751-732X. ; 4, s. 1854-1860
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explored the potential for using seed cake from hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) as a protein feed for dairy cows. The aim was to evaluate the effects of increasing the proportion of hempseed cake (HC) in the diet on milk production and milk composition. Forty Swedish Red dairy cows were involved in a 5-week dose response feeding trial. The cows were allocated randomly to one of four experimental diets containing on average 494 g/kg of grass silage and 506 g/kg of concentrate on a dry matter (DM) basis. Diets containing 0 g (HC0), 143 g (HC14), 233 g (HC23) or 318 g (HC32) HC/kg DM were achieved by replacing an increasing proportion of compound pellets with cold-pressed HC. Increasing the proportion of HC resulted in dietary crude protein (CP) concentrations ranging from 126 for HC0 to 195g CP/kg DM for HC32. Further effects on the composition of the diet with increasing proportions of HC were higher fat and NDF and lower starch concentrations. There were no linear or quadratic effects on DM intake, but increasing the proportion of HC in the diet resulted in linear increases in fat and NDF intake, as well as CP intake (P < 0.001), and a linear decrease in starch intake (P < 0.001). The proportion of HC had significant quadratic effects on the yields of milk, energy-corrected milk (ECM) and milk protein, fat and lactose. The curvilinear response of all yield parameters indicated maximum production from cows fed diet HC14. Increasing the proportion of HC resulted in linear decreases in both milk protein and milk fat concentration (P = 0.005 and P = 0.017, respectively), a linear increase in milk urea (P < 0.001), and a linear decrease in CP efficiency (milk protein/CP intake; P < 0.001). In conclusion, the HC14 diet, corresponding to a dietary CP concentration of 157 g/kg DM, resulted in the maximum yields of milk and ECM by dairy cows in this study.
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| 12. |
- Karlsson, Leif, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient welding of high strength steel
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 6th International Swedish Production Symposium 2014. - 9789198097412 ; , s. 1-8
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Producing welds with properties matching those of the steel is a challenge at high strength levels. The present study investigated how cooling rates and dilution affects strength and toughness when welding steels with yield strengths of 777 MPa and 1193 MPa. Overmatching weld metal strength was achieved for the less strong steel and weld strengths >1000 MPa were recorded for the stronger steel. Fracture in transverse tensile testing was always located in base material or HAZ. Low dilution, rapid cooling and single pass welding contributed to higher strength. Impact toughness was higher for lower strength and low dilution.
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| 13. |
- Karlsson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Growth performance of lambs fed different protein supplements in barley-based diets
- 2011
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Ingår i: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 138, s. 125-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the potential of using locally produced protein sources in diets for growing lambs in northern Europe. The aim of the research was to evaluate the effects on lamb growth performance of peas, rapeseed cake and hempseed cake as protein supplements in barley-based diets. Forty-eight crossbred (White Swedish Landrace x Texel) ewe lambs were penned, forming experimental units allotted to one of four experimental diets. The lambs were on average 87 (SD = 9) days of age at the start of the eight-week continuous trial, during which their live weight (LW) was recorded weekly. The four experimental diets were barley-based, with 101 g hay/kg diet on a dry matter (DM) basis. The control diet (B-0). without protein supplement, contained 112 g crude protein (CP) and the calculated metabolisable energy (ME) value was 13.0 MJ/kg DM. The other diets contained peas (B-P), rapeseed cake (B-RC) or hempseed cake (B-HC) and had similar CP concentrations (160-162 g/kg DM), but varied in ME content (13.4, 13.4 and 12.2 MJ/kg DM, respectively). Rumen undegradable CP (RUP) was 231, 99, 298 and 291 g/kg CP, with an intestinal digestibility of 605, 707,528 and 307 g/kg RUP for the concentrates of barley, peas, rapeseed cake and hempseed cake, respectively. There were no significant differences in DM intake, which varied between 860 and 989 g/d, for the lambs on the different diets. However, CP intake was higher for lambs fed B-P and B-HC (P<0.001) and calculated ME intake was higher for lambs fed B-P (P=0.037) than for the other diets, among which there were no significant differences in these respects. Initial LW of the lambs did not differ significantly between treatments, but final LW was higher for lambs fed B-P and B-RC (P=0.029). Total gain and average daily gain were highest for the B-P treatment, followed by the B-RC treatment (P<0.001). Feed conversion (DM intake/LW gain) was more efficient for lambs fed B-P and B-RC, compared with the other treatments (P<0.001). No significant differences in growth performance or feed conversion were found between the B-0 and the B-HC treatments. In conclusion, supplementing barley-based diets with peas or rapeseed cake significantly improved growth performance of the lambs, but including hempseed cake did not. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Karlsson, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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Pilot Study of Sentinel-Node-Based Adoptive Immunotherapy in Advanced Colorectal Cancer.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Annals of surgical oncology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1534-4681 .- 1068-9265. ; 17:7, s. 1747-1757
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Despite optimal surgical treatment and modern adjuvant therapies, 50% of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer die within 5 years. Immunotherapy offers an appealing complement to traditional chemotherapy, with possible long-term protection against tumor recurrences through immunological memory. We have conducted a pilot study of a novel adoptive immunotherapy, using autologous, in vitro expanded lymphocytes isolated from the tumor-draining sentinel lymph node. STUDY DESIGN: Sentinel nodes were recovered from 16 patients with disseminated or locally advanced, high-risk colorectal cancer. Single-cell suspensions of sentinel-node-acquired lymphocytes were clonally expanded in vitro in the presence of autologous tumor extract and returned as a transfusion. Patients were followed with clinical and radiological evaluations. Long-term survival was compared with traditionally treated controls. RESULTS: Sentinel-node-acquired CD4(+) Th1-lymphocytes could be clonally expanded in vitro and safely administered to all 16 patients without side-effects. In four out of nine stage IV patients, complete tumor regression occurred. Median survival time in the stage IV patients (n = 9) was 2.6 years, as compared with 0.8 years in conventionally treated controls. A dose-dependent effect with regards to reduced tumor burden and long-term survival was observed. CONCLUSION: Sentinel-node-based adoptive immunotherapy is feasible; the method has shown no apparent side-effects and appears to convey therapeutic antitumor effects. Further studies are justified to determine its efficacy and precise role in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Karlsson, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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Vitamin D and prostate cancer : The role of membrane initiated signaling pathways in prostate cancer progression
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. - : Elsevier. - 0960-0760 .- 1879-1220. ; 121:1-2, s. 413-416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) has been demonstrated to mediate both genomic and non-genomic responses in prostate cancer (CaP) cells. Here, we give an overview of membrane initiated 1,25(OH)2D3 signaling in prostate cancer cell progression. The presence of PDIA3 was investigated and homologous modeling of the putative PDIA3 receptor complex was conducted. Furthermore, the cellular distribution of nVDR was analyzed. We could show that both nVDR and PDIA3 are expressed in the prostate cancer cell lines investigated. The homologous modeling of PDIA3 showed that the receptor complex exists in a trimer formation, which suggests for allosteric activity. Our findings support previous reports and suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 is an important therapeutic agent in inhibiting prostate cancer progression. Furthermore, our data show that 1,25(OH)2D3 regulate prostate cell biology via multiple pathways and targeting specific pathways for 1,25(OH)2D3 might provide more effective therapies compared to the vitamin D therapies currently clinically tested.
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| 18. |
- Laukka, Petri, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of affect in spontaneous speech : Acoustic correlates and automatic detection of irritation and resignation
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Computer speech & language (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0885-2308 .- 1095-8363. ; 25:1, s. 84-104
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The majority of previous studies on vocal expression have been conducted on posed expressions. In contrast, we utilized a large corpus of authentic affective speech recorded from real-life voice controlled telephone services. Listeners rated a selection of 200 utterances from this corpus with regard to level of perceived irritation, resignation, neutrality, and emotion intensity. The selected utterances came from 64 different speakers who each provided both neutral and affective stimuli. All utterances were further automatically analyzed regarding a comprehensive set of acoustic measures related to F0, intensity, formants, voice source, and temporal characteristics of speech. Results first showed that several significant acoustic differences were found between utterances classified as neutral and utterances classified as irritated or resigned using a within-persons design. Second, listeners’ ratings on each scale were associated with several acoustic measures. In general the acoustic correlates of irritation, resignation, and emotion intensity were similar to previous findings obtained with posed expressions, though the effect sizes were smaller for the authentic expressions. Third, automatic classification (using LDA classifiers both with and without speaker adaptation) of irritation, resignation, and neutral performed at a level comparable to human performance, though human listeners and machines did not necessarily classify individual utterances similarly. Fourth, clearly perceived exemplars of irritation and resignation were rare in our corpus. These findings were discussed in relation to future research.
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| 19. |
- Leonardsson, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Uppströmsvandring i den restaurerade gamla älvfåran samt funktionskontroll av ny fisktrappa i Norrfors (Umeälven) under laxens vandringssäsong 2012-2013
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten sammanfattar 2012 och 2013 års funktionskontroll av fisktrappan samt uppföljning av restureringsåtgärder i Umeälvens nedre del. Lax fångades, märktes och släpptes nedströms utskovet vid dammen i Norrfors 2012 och i älvens mynningsområde vid Långhalsudden (Obbola) 2013. Under 2012 märktes 104 vilda laxar med aktiva radio- och passiva PIT-märken, samt 278 laxar som enbart märktes med PIT-märken. Under 2013 märktes 148 vilda laxar med både aktiva radio- och passiva PIT-märken, samt 216 vilda och 33 odlade laxar som enbart märktes med PIT-märken. Återvändande vuxenlax som tidigare PIT-märkts som smolt i Spöland eller i fiskodlingen inkluderades också i analyserna. Ett fenprov för DNA-analys togs från alla radiomärkta fiskar innan frisläppning för bestämning av laxens stamtillhörighet. 2012 hade ca 85 % av den märkta laxen Ume/Vindelälvsursprung, medan resterande lax hade en genetisk uppsättning som påminde om Luleälvslax trots intakt fettfena. 2013 befanns alla märkta laxar vara av Ume/Vindelälvsursprung. Radiomärkt fisk registrerades när de kom i närheten av fasta automatiska undervattens- eller luftantenner som placerats i sammanflödet, i den gamla älvfåran som restaurerats med vilpooler samt vid fisktrappan och uppströms i Vindelälven. PIT-märkt fisk detekterades när de passerade antenner som monterats i fisktrappans mellanväggar samt när de kom i närheten av den plattdetektor som installerades i Baggböleforsens nedre poolvägg 2013. All fisk som passerade fisktrappans övre del räknades via en sk VAKI utrustning.
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| 20. |
- Lundqvist, H, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring Juvenile Atlantic Salmon and Sea Trout in the River Sävarån, Northern Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Conservation Monitoring in Freshwater Habitats. - Netherlands : Springer Netherlands. - 9781402092770 - 9781402092787 ; , s. 207-218
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wild salmon stocks have declined worldwide (NRC 1996) . In many Baltic Sea riversmost wild populations of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) and anadromous trout(sea trout, Salmo trutta L.) have been destroyed, with the remaining stocks foundprimarily in rivers within northern Sweden and Finland. Here they suffer high ratesof fishery exploitation, while hydropower regulation and the re-engineering of riversfor floating timber has led to the loss of spawning and rearing habitat and to a lossof connectivity among habitats (McKinnell 1998) .To remain viable in the face of demographic and environmental stochasticity,salmonid populations require a certain level of abundance, positive growth rates,adequate spatial structure, and access to (connectivity among) habitats of sufficientquantity and quality to express their life history and genetic diversity (McElhanyet al . 2000) . To understand what is limiting their productivity and viability anddevelop conservation actions for these threatened populations, we need informationon both the freshwater and marine phases of the salmon and sea trout life cycles.The Salmon Action Plan (SAP) 1997–2010 was adopted by IBSFC (InternationalBaltic Sea Fishery Commission), and states that by 2010 natural production inBaltic rivers should be >50% of the maximum production potential. To date, maximumnatural production levels have primarily been based on expert knowledge ratherthan empirical estimates (e.g. WGBAST 2008) . The Swedish Government nowrecognises the need for index rivers to obtain reliable estimates of abundance,productivity, population structure, and to collect the information on life-historydiversity needed to manage salmonid stocks.From 2005 to 2008, a pilot study was implemented in the River Sävarån (a small,unregulated forest river in northern Sweden), to monitor the downstream migrationsof salmon and trout, and explore its suitability as an index river. Rotary screwtraps were used to investigate the abundance of smolts as well as their timing, sizeand age, and to obtain samples to analyse the genetic composition of the stock. Parrdensities from electro-fishing surveys were compared with screw-trap data to determinewhether the two approaches produced similar smolt production estimates.
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| 21. |
- Nilsson, Urban, et al.
(författare)
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Productivity of Norway Spruce Compared to Scots Pine in the Interior of Northern Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Silva Fennica. - : Finnish Society of Forest Science. - 0037-5330 .- 2242-4075. ; 46, s. 197-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Productivity of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was studied in 12 paired plots in the interior of northern Sweden. Stands were established between 1928 and 1959; yield plots were established between 1974 and 1983 during pre-commercial thinning of the stands. Gross stem-wood production was significantly higher for Scots pine than for Norway spruce, stem-wood production by Norway spruce being 29.4% that of Scots pine. The site index for Norway spruce was lower than for Scots pine at all sites except one; the average difference in site index was 4.8 m. The simulated maximum mean annual increment (MAI(max)) during the rotation was 19% higher than the MAI(max) estimated with the site index for Scots pine, whereas simulated MAI(max) and MAI(max) estimated from the site index was about the same for Norway spruce. The simulations also indicated that MAI peaked about 50 years later for Norway spruce than for Scots pine. More small trees were included in the diameter distribution of Norway spruce than of Scots pine resulting in a lower stem-wood volume for Norway spruce when stands with the same dominant height were compared. This study shows that the difference in growth and rotation length between Scots pine and Norway spruce has implications when choosing which species to grow in the interior of northern Sweden.
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| 22. |
- Nilsson, Urban, et al.
(författare)
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Thinning of Scots pine and Norway spruce monocultures in Sweden: effects of different thinning programmes on standlevel gross- and net stem volume production
- 2010
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Ingår i: Studia Forestalia Suecica. - 0039-3150. ; 219, s. 1-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The effect of thinning intensity, thinning interval, thinning form and timing of the first thinning on stand level gross- andnet stem volume production in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) was investigatedin a nationwide field experiment across Sweden. In total, 35 Scots pine sites distributed from the south to the north ofSweden and 13 Norway spruce sites located in the south and central parts of Sweden were investigated. Thinning treatments ranged from unthinned control, to light and moderate repeated thinnings, to a treatmentwhere 60-70% of the basal area was removed in a single thinning. In addition, thinning from above was compared tothinning from below and delayed first thinning was compared to early first thinning. The average measurement period was31 years for Scots pine and 30 years for Norway spruce. All Scots pine thinning treatments reduced the total gross stemvolume production compared to the unthinned control, whereas only the heaviest thinning treatments, in which a largeproportion of the basal area was removed, reduced the total gross stem volume production for Norway spruce. Thinningfrom above did not affect total gross stem volume production of Scots pine, but there was a tendency towards lowerproduction in Norway spruce. For Norway spruce, thinning from above resulted in lower net stem volume production thanthinning from below. Delaying the first thinning did not affect gross stem volume production for either Scots pine orNorway spruce. Net volume production and volume production in trees with diameter at breast height > 8 cm was higher forthe light thinning treatment than for the unthinned control in Norway spruce. In Scots pine, there was no differencebetween the light thinning treatment and unthinned control in net volume production. For cots pine, the heavy thinningtreatments decreased net volume production compared to the unthinned threatment whereas there were no differences innet volume production between the heavy thinning treatments and unthinned control in Norway spruce
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| 23. |
- Sjöberg, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Förslag till utvidgning av stationsnätet för nationella mätningar av ozon
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den nationella luftkvalitetsövervakningen i Sverige avseende marknära ozon och ozonbildande ämnen uppfyller i dagsläget inte de krav som anges i EG-direktivet om luftkvalitet och renare luft i Europa (2008/50/EG). IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet har därför, på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket, utarbetat en plan för en utökning av det svenska nationella stationsnätet för kontinuerlig övervakning av ozon och kvävedioxid.I föreliggande utredning har ett preliminärt förslag till utökat mätprogram tagits fram och resultat från förberedande mätningar redovisas. Utifrån erhållna resultat presenteras därefter ett något reviderat, slutgiltigt förslag till ett framtida utbyggt nationellt program för ozonövervakning, där även utsedda mätplatser anges.Nyttan av att placera mätstationer för ozonövervakning i förortsmiljöer i Sverige (särskild i zon 1-3) är begränsad, då det med tanke på de relativt begränsade utsläppen av ozonbildande ämnen från svenska tätorter inte kan förväntas ske någon ozonbildning (och därmed förhöjda halter och ökad exponering) på dessa korta avstånd. Detta antagande styrks av de resultat som erhölls vid den mätkampanj som genomfördes under sommaren 2011.Förslaget innebär att stationsnätet för kontinuerlig ozonövervakning utökas med sex stationer i förortsmiljö (en plats per zon) samt ytterligare två stationer (Katterjåkk, Åreskutan) i fjällmiljö i zon 1. Övervakning av kväveoxider föreslås ske på samtliga mätplatser i förortsmiljö samt i Katterjåkk (zon 1) och Råö (zon 3). Det bör noteras att förslaget förutsätter fortsatta mätningar vid tre mätplatser som Naturvårdsverket inte har rådighet över.
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| 24. |
- Steinvall, Ove, et al.
(författare)
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Laser dazzling impacts on car driver performance
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A growing problem for the Police and Security Forces has been to prevent potentially hostile individuals to pass a checkpoint, without using lethatl violence. Therefore the question has been if there is a laser or any other strong light source that could be used as a warning and dazzling device, without lethal or long term effects. To investigate the possibilities a field trial has been performed at a motor-racing track. A green CW laser with an irradiance on the eye of maximum 0.5 MPE, as defined by ICNIRP [1] and the ANZI standard [2], was used as a dazzle source. Ten drivers have been driving with dipped headlights through a course of three lines with orange cones. In every line there has been only one gate wide enough to pass without hitting the cones. The time through the course, the choice of gates and the number of cones hit have been measured. For every second trial drive through the track, the driver was exposed to the laser dazzler. The background illuminances ranged from a thousand lux in daylight to about ten millilux in darkness. The protective effect of the sun-visor of the car was investigated. The drives visual system was carefully examined before and after experimental driving and a few weeks after the experimental driving to verify that no pathological effects, that could potentially be induced by the laser exposure, pre-existed or occurred after the laser exposure. An analysis of variance for a within subjects design has been used for evaluation. It was found that green laser light can have an obvious warning effect in daylight. Dazzling does reduce the drivers ability to make judgments and manouver the car in twilight and darkness. A sun-visor can reduce the glare and give the driver an improved control, but that perception can be unjustified. No damage to the visual system was observed.
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| 25. |
- Ulvcrona, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying the biological effects of pre-commercial thinning on diameter growth in young Scots pine stands
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 29, s. 427-435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data from seven Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands in central Sweden that had undergone pre-commercial thinning (PCT) were used to investigate the biological effect of PCT on the diameter at breast height (DBH) growth of the remaining trees. Two treatments were considered: a PCT treatment and a control (C) with no PCT. The DBH of the trees in each stand was measured on up to four occasions over 15 years. We examined mean DBH and DBH growth of the largest 300, 600, 900 and 1200 trees ha-1. Two methods of selecting the trees used to calculate the mean DBH values for each measurement occasion were considered: the actual mean DBH (Dma), which is based on the DBH distribution of the trees on the measurement occasion in question, and the genuine mean DBH (Dmg), which is based on the DBH distribution of the trees on the final measurement occasion of the study and therefore focuses on the same set of trees for all measurement occasions. There was no clear difference between the Dma- and Dmg-based DBH increments, but the Dmg values tended to be somewhat larger both for the C and PCT treatments. Over a 15-year period, the relative mean yearly increments (Dma/Dmg) for different tree size classes ranged from 0.91 to 0.98, with lower values for the C treatment and larger DBH size classes. We found that PCT promotes DBH growth: over a 15-year period, the increased growth amounted to about 2.0 mm year-1 compared to the trees in unthinned plots.
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| 26. |
- Valiente Bermejo, María Asunción, et al.
(författare)
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Optimising Quality and Productivity in Welding of Duplex and Superduplex Stainless Steels
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 6th International Swedish Production Symposium 2014. - 9789198097412 ; , s. 1-7
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this work was to study the influence of shielding gases and welding positions on properties of duplex and superduplex stainless steel circumferential pipe welds. Corrosion resistance, microstructural features and weld defects were assessed and related to the welding procedures. Horizontal and vertical upward welding positions produced high quality welds. However, welding in the overhead position resulted in less good results in terms of porosity and corrosion resistance. Shielding gases containing 30% helium showed best results, whilst using a mixture Ar+2%CO2 resulted in undercuts and porosity in all welding positions.
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| 27. |
- Yu, Zhaohua, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Green light laser exposure at 532nm near the exposure limit during a human volunteer vehicle driving task does not alter structure or function in the visual system
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of laser applications. - Melville : Laser Institute of America. - 1042-346X .- 1938-1387. ; 26:2, s. 022009-1-022009-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to verify nonexistence of clinically important pathological effects to the visual system after exposure to 532 nm green laser light close to the exposure limit. The present medical surveillance of vision and visual health reported in this paper is the conjunction with a study of driver performance in the presence of 532 nm laser induced glare. The driving time varied between 25 and 55 s, depending on background luminance. The laser was on during the complete test drive. The peak corneal irradiance typically was 3.5Wm2 in one test drive. Considering a typical test drive, the typical time integrated corneal radiant exposure for one test drive was estimated to be 53 J/m2. The number of test drives varied among drivers but was typically 50, thus resulting in a cumulative corneal exposure dose of approximately 2.7 kJ/m2. Altogether, ten subjects were recruited according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. All ten subjects were examined for visual acuity, intraocular pressure, contrast sensitivity, color vision, monocular reading speed, and eye structure with clinical slit-lamp microscopy examination and indirect retinoscopy. All subjects were examined before exposure, immediately after exposure, and finally within an interval between 1 week and 4 weeks after exposure. There was no significant change of visual acuity, intraocular pressure, contrast sensitivity, color vision, or monocular reading speed between before and after exposure. No abnormal ocular structure was detected after exposure. This study demonstrates that close to exposure limit, exposure to 532 nm green laser light during a vehicle driving task does not induce structural or functional damage to the human visual system as observed in the interval minutes to weeks after exposure.
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| 28. |
- Zhou, Xiaoshan, et al.
(författare)
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Thymidine Kinase 2 Deficiency-Induced mtDNA Depletion in Mouse Liver Leads to Defect beta-Oxidation
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) deficiency in humans causes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion syndrome. To study the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease and search for treatment options, we previously generated and described a TK2 deficient mouse strain (TK2(-/-)) that progressively loses its mtDNA. The TK2(-/-) mouse model displays symptoms similar to humans harboring TK2 deficient infantile fatal encephalomyopathy. Here, we have studied the TK2(-/-) mouse model to clarify the pathological role of progressive mtDNA depletion in liver for the severe outcome of TK2 deficiency. We observed that a gradual depletion of mtDNA in the liver of the TK2(-/-) mice was accompanied by increasingly hypertrophic mitochondria and accumulation of fat vesicles in the liver cells. The levels of cholesterol and nonesterified fatty acids were elevated and there was accumulation of long chain acylcarnitines in plasma of the TK2(-/-) mice. In mice with hepatic mtDNA levels below 20%, the blood sugar and the ketone levels dropped. These mice also exhibited reduced mitochondrial beta-oxidation due to decreased transport of long chain acylcarnitines into the mitochondria. The gradual loss of mtDNA in the liver of the TK2(-/-) mice causes impaired mitochondrial function that leads to defect beta-oxidation and, as a result, insufficient production of ketone bodies and glucose. This study provides insight into the mechanism of encephalomyopathy caused by TK2 deficiency-induced mtDNA depletion that may be used to explore novel therapeutic strategies.
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| 29. |
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