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- Ekstrand, Eva-Maria, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying targets for increased biogasproduction through chemical and organicmatter characterization of digestate from full‑scale biogas plants : what remains and why?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts. - London, United Kingdom : BioMed Central. - 2731-3654. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This study examines the destiny of macromolecules in different full-scale biogas processes. From previousstudies it is clear that the residual organic matter in outgoing digestates can have significant biogas potential,but the factors dictating the size and composition of this residual fraction and how they correlate with the residualmethane potential (RMP) are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to generate additional knowledge of thecomposition of residual digestate fractions and to understand how they correlate with various operational and chemicalparameters. The organic composition of both the substrates and digestates from nine biogas plants operating onfood waste, sewage sludge, or agricultural waste was characterized and the residual organic fractions were linked tosubstrate type, trace metal content, ammonia concentration, operational parameters, RMP, and enzyme activity.Results: Carbohydrates represented the largest fraction of the total VS (32–68%) in most substrates. However, inthe digestates protein was instead the most abundant residual macromolecule in almost all plants (3–21 g/kg). Thedegradation efficiency of proteins generally lower (28–79%) compared to carbohydrates (67–94%) and fats (86–91%).High residual protein content was coupled to recalcitrant protein fractions and microbial biomass, either from thesubstrate or formed in the degradation process. Co-digesting sewage sludge with fat increased the protein degradationefficiency with 18%, possibly through a priming mechanism where addition of easily degradable substrates alsotriggers the degradation of more complex fractions. In this study, high residual methane production (> 140 L CH4/kgVS) was firstly coupled to operation at unstable process conditions caused mainly by ammonia inhibition (0.74 mgNH3-N/kg) and/or trace element deficiency and, secondly, to short hydraulic retention time (HRT) (55 days) relative tothe slow digestion of agricultural waste and manure.Conclusions: Operation at unstable conditions was one reason for the high residual macromolecule content andhigh RMP. The outgoing protein content was relatively high in all digesters and improving the degradation of proteinsrepresents one important way to increase the VS reduction and methane production in biogas plants. Post-treatment
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| 2. |
- Bergengren, Lovisa, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Effectiveness and costs of an implemented primary HPV cervical screening programme in Sweden : A population based cohort study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine Reports. - : Elsevier. - 2211-3355. ; 25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swedish guidelines recommend cervical screening with primary HPV for women ≥ 30 years of age. The aim of this study was to compare an implemented HPV cervical screening programme in the Region of Örebro County from September 1, 2016, with the former cytology-based screening programme.The clinical effectiveness by means of number of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and cervical cancer cases detected in histology within 12 months after the screening test, together with cost implications were the main outcomes. Data were retrieved from the Swedish National Cervical Screening Registry between the years 2014-2015 (cytology based screening) and 2017-2018(HPV based screening), including screening information such as invitations and cytology and histology diagnoses.The detection rate of HSIL + among women ≥ 30 years of age was 1.2 times higher with HPV screening, but data revealed an increase in direct colposcopy referral rate by 54% and a higher percentage of irrelevant findings (≤LSIL). Screening based on HPV for women ≥ 30 has increased yearly cost from 1 to 1.3 million EUR, while increasing the number of HSIL + identified. Two thirds of the total costs are from visits for screening samples in the programme.HPV screening detected more cases of HSIL + compared to cytology screening among women ≥ 30 although high colposcopy rate, high rate of clinical irrelevant findings and higher costs were shown in the HPV-based screening programme, which implies that alterations in the screening programme in the future are important to consider.
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| 5. |
- Ryan Bengtsson, Linda, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Röster från den svenska musikbranschen : Utmaningar och lösningar under pandemin
- 2024
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Ingår i: Musik – musikproduktion – musikbransch. - Dalarna : Dalarna University. - 9789188679710 ; , s. 121-134
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Covid-19 och de restriktioner som följde i pandemins spår förändrade musikbranschens förutsättningar över en natt. Scener och klubbar tvingades stänga när det infördes förbud mot allmänna sammankomster och alla uppmanades att hålla avstånd. Festivaler, turnéer och konserter ställdes in. Men hur påverkades och förhöll sig den svenska musikbranschen till restriktionerna under pandemin? Detta kapitel ger en bild av tiden under pandemin utifrån små och medelstora svenska musikaktörer. Aktörer som står utanför de stora major-bolagen och som är aktiva utanför Sveriges storstadsregioner. Utgångspunkten är enstudie som initierades när Sverige införde begränsningar av allmännasammankomster 2020 och som pågick fram till sommaren 2022. Kapitlet redogör för musikaktörers reaktioner, ageranden och de olika faser branschens aktörer genomgick under denna märkliga tid – från desperation till innovativt samarbete.
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| 6. |
- Thysell, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical and biological relevance of the transcriptomic-based prostate cancer metastasis subtypes MetA-C
- 2022
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Ingår i: Molecular Oncology. - : Wiley. - 1574-7891 .- 1878-0261. ; 16:4, s. 846-859
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To improve treatment of metastatic prostate cancer, the biology of metastases needs to be understood. We recently described three subtypes of prostate cancer bone metastases (MetA-C), based on differential gene expression. The aim of this study was to verify the clinical relevance of these subtypes and to explore their biology and relations to genetic drivers. Freshly-frozen metastasis samples were obtained as hormone-naive (n = 17), short-term castrated (n = 21), or castration-resistant (n = 65) from a total of 67 patients. Previously published sequencing data from 573 metastasis samples were also analyzed. Through transcriptome profiling and sample classification based on a set of predefined MetA-C-differentiating genes, we found that most metastases were heterogeneous for the MetA-C subtypes. Overall, MetA was the most common subtype, while MetB was significantly enriched in castration-resistant samples and in liver metastases, and consistently associated with poor prognosis. By gene set enrichment analysis, the phenotype of MetA was described by high androgen response, protein secretion and adipogenesis, MetB by high cell cycle activity and DNA repair, and MetC by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and inflammation. The MetB subtype demonstrated single nucleotide variants of RB transcriptional corepressor 1 (RB1) and loss of 21 genes at chromosome 13, including RB1, but provided independent prognostic value to those genetic aberrations. In conclusion, a distinct set of gene transcripts can be used to classify prostate cancer metastases into the subtypes MetA-C. The MetA-C subtypes show diverse biology, organ tropism, and prognosis. The MetA-C classification may be used independently, or in combination with genetic markers, primarily to identify MetB patients in need of complementary therapy to conventional androgen receptor-targeting treatments.
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