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- Andersson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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A transcriptional timetable of autumn senescence
- 2004
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Ingår i: Genome Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-6906 .- 1474-760X. ; 5:4, s. R24-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background We have developed genomic tools to allow the genus Populus (aspens and cottonwoods) to be exploited as a full-featured model for investigating fundamental aspects of tree biology. We have undertaken large-scale expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing programs and created Populus microarrays with significant gene coverage. One of the important aspects of plant biology that cannot be studied in annual plants is the gene activity involved in the induction of autumn leaf senescence. Results On the basis of 36,354 Populus ESTs, obtained from seven cDNA libraries, we have created a DNA microarray consisting of 13,490 clones, spotted in duplicate. Of these clones, 12,376 (92%) were confirmed by resequencing and all sequences were annotated and functionally classified. Here we have used the microarray to study transcript abundance in leaves of a free-growing aspen tree (Populus tremula) in northern Sweden during natural autumn senescence. Of the 13,490 spotted clones, 3,792 represented genes with significant expression in all leaf samples from the seven studied dates. Conclusions We observed a major shift in gene expression, coinciding with massive chlorophyll degradation, that reflected a shift from photosynthetic competence to energy generation by mitochondrial respiration, oxidation of fatty acids and nutrient mobilization. Autumn senescence had much in common with senescence in annual plants; for example many proteases were induced. We also found evidence for increased transcriptional activity before the appearance of visible signs of senescence, presumably preparing the leaf for degradation of its components.
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| 2. |
- Cox, Peter N., et al.
(författare)
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Fluorocarbons facilitate lung recruitment
- 2003
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Ingår i: Intensive Care Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0342-4642 .- 1432-1238. ; 29, s. 2297-2302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: "Open the lung and keep it open" is increasingly accepted as a fundamental principle for mechanical ventilation. However, it is sometimes very difficult, or impossible, to recruit the diseased lung. We questioned whether one could facilitate recruitment by using a low dose of fluorocarbon in a model previously shown to be non-recruitable by conventional sustained inflation maneuvers. Design and setting: Experimental prospective study in a university laboratory. Animals and interventions: Nine saline-lavaged rabbits subjected to prolonged large tidal volume mechanical ventilation to establish significant lung injury were randomly allocated to two groups: control [High Frequency Oscillation (HFO) alone: n=4] or 1 ml/kg fluorocarbon (FC) treated (HFO/FC: n=5) for 2+1 h (experiment 1). An additional four similarly prepared animals were treated by single-lung instillation of 0.5 ml/kg dose of fluorocarbon and underwent serial computerized tomography scans at a series of predetermined step-wise pressure increase in both lungs (experiment 2). Measurements and results: In experiment 1 there was a very significant improvement in oxygenation in HFO/FC group (PaO2 increased from 108 mmHg to 424±81 mmHg; P<0.05) while there was no significant change in the control group. In experiment 2 lung volumes were determined using three-dimensional reconstruction. The lung having fluorocarbon showed a 2.4-fold increase in lung volume at inflation pressure of 15 cmH 2O compared to the lung without fluorocarbon. Conclusions: We propose that the low equilibrium surface tension and positive spreading coefficient of fluorocarbon facilitates lung recruitment by ungluing adherent surfaces in this model of lung injury.
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| 3. |
- Ekdahl, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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A study of the usage of a decision-support system for infective endocarditis
- 2000
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Ingår i: Medical informatics and the Internet in medicine (Print). - : Informa UK Limited. - 1463-9238 .- 1464-5238. ; 25:1, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to examine a design for a World Wide Web-based decision-support system in use by clinically active physicians. A prototype implementation of the design concerned management of infective endocarditis patient cases. The design was based on an integration of hypertext and rule-based knowledge. In the study sessions, physicians in the field of internal medicine worked on managing authentic patient cases in a laboratory setting. Data was collected from interviews with the physicians using video recordings and stimulated recall technique. The qualitative data was analysed according to the constant comparative method in order to develop a model of the physicians' usage of the system. The resulting model describes perceived contributions and criteria for usefulness of the system. The ways the physicians used the system showed that it was able to provide patient-specific support for confirming clinical decisions, for higher-level patient management, and for preparing for and initiating expert consultations. Users also stated that new medical knowledge could be gained as a side effect of using the system.
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| 4. |
- Karlsson, Beatrice, et al.
(författare)
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A fusion toolbox for sensor data fusion in industrial recycling
- 2002
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9456 .- 1557-9662. ; 51:1, s. 144-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Information from different sensors can be fused in various ways. It is often difficult to choose the most suitable method for solving a fusion problem. In a measurement situation, the measured signal is often corrupted by disturbances (noise, etc.). It is, therefore, meaningless to compare crisp values without the corresponding uncertainty intervals. This paper describes a toolbox including nine different fusing methods. All methods are applied on training data, and the most suitable method is then used for solving the real fusion problem. In the example, fusion is performed on data for classification in an industrial recycling operation. The data is from different vision systems and an eddy current system. The fusion methods included in the toolbox are fuzzy logic with triangular and Gaussian shaped membership functions, fuzzy measures with triangular and Gaussian shapes, Bayes' statistics, artificial neural networks, multivariate analysis (PCA), a knowledge-based system, and a neuro-fuzzy system.
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| 5. |
- Karlsson, B, et al.
(författare)
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Recycling of electrical motors by automatic disassembly
- 2000
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Ingår i: Measurement science and technology. - 0957-0233 .- 1361-6501. ; 11:4, s. 350-357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a robotized workstation for end-of-life treatment of electrical motors with an electrical effect of about 1 kW. These motors can. for example, be found in washing machines and in industry. There are two main steps in the work. The first step is an inspection whereby the functionality of the motor is checked and classification either for re-use or for disassembly is done. In the second step the motors classified for disassembly are disassembled in a robotized automatic station. In the initial step measurements art, performed during a start-up sequence of about 1 s. By measuring the rotation speed and the current and voltage of the three phases of the motor classification for either reuse or disassembly can be done. During the disassembly work, vision data are fused in order to classify the motors according to their type. The vision system also feeds the control system of the robot with various object co-ordinates, to facilitate correct operation of the robot. Finally, tests with a vision system and eddy-current equipment are performed to decide whether all copper has been removed from the stator.
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- Karlsson, Ove
(författare)
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CRITICAL DIALOGUE : ITS VALUE AND MEANING
- 2001
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Ingår i: Evaluation. - : SAGE Publications. - 1356-3890 .- 1461-7153. ; 7:2, s. 211-227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today dialogue is a frequent used idea in the discourse of evaluation. Dialogue stands for an ambi-tion to involve different stakeholder in open and power-free exchange of opinions and ideas about what is evaluated. The aim with this article is to give an example on how to manage dialogue in practice. An evaluation case study is used to illustrate how the evaluators manage a dialogue in different phases of the evaluation process. To handle the sometimes-difficult situation with many different views on the subject, the evaluator developed different, sometimes new and innovative methods to make the exchange of ideas possible. The article shows that dialogue in evaluation need to be adjustable to different situations and need among the participants.
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| 17. |
- Karlsson Vestman, Ove, 1944-
(författare)
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Evaluation as learning : A study of social worker education in Leningrad County
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The results presented in this report are based upon an evaluation of the "Social project in Leningrad County". The project fan between 1998-2001 and was carried out by the social services in Sörmland County and Leningrad County, with financial support from Sida (Swedish International Development Coop- eration Agency). The overarching goal of the project was to provide support and direction in the development of social services in Russia. The project involved 160 social workers from Leningrad County who look part in a professionai development edu- cation program in Sweden. The program functioned as a support for local social service projects in Leningrad County. The goal of the evaluation was to exarnine the program of education and the manner in which participants used their acquired knowledge and experiences in their own projects. Ove Karlsson Vestman is a professor at Mälardalen University, in the Division of Social- and Behavioral Sciences. He is also the director of The Mälardalen Evaluation Academy - MEA; a multidisciplinary research environment on evaluation theory and practice.
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