| 1. |
- Karlsson, Klas-Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Inledning
- 2006
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Ingår i: Historieforskning på nya vägar. - 9789189116825 ; , s. 9-11
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Abayneh, Sisay A, et al.
(författare)
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Sensitivity of HIV-1 primary isolates to human anti-CD40 antibody-mediated suppression is related to co-receptor use
- 2008
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Ingår i: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1931-8405 .- 0889-2229. ; 24:3, s. 447-452
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of CD40 ligation on infection by HIV-1 primary isolates with different R5 phenotypes was evaluated with a novel set of anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies originating from a human phage display library. Five human monoclonal anti-CD40 antibodies of IgG1 subtype characterized by the ability to activate B cells via CD40 were tested for induction of the CC-chemokines RANTES and MIP-1alpha and inhibition of HIV-1 replication in primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). All activating anti-CD40 antibodies were able to induce CC-chemokines in MDM. We chose the most potent antibody, clone B44, for further experiments. This antibody had a suppressive effect on HIV-1 isolates of the R5 phenotype with limited use of CCR5/CXCR4 chimeric receptors. In comparison, HIV-1 isolates with broader use of CCR5/CXCR4 chimeric receptors or with CXCR4 use were less sensitive to anti-CD40-induced suppression. The results indicate that HIV-1 replication is inhibited by human anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies through the mechanism of CC-chemokine induction. This effect is thus restricted to HIV-1 isolates sensitive to inhibition by CC-chemokines.
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| 4. |
- Grishin, Michael A., et al.
(författare)
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Anisotropy of electron structure at InAs(111) surfaces by laser pump-and-probe photoemission spectroscopy
- 2005
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 574:1, s. 89-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic structure and the electron dynamics of the clean InAs(111)A 2 x 2 and the InAs(111)B 1 x 1 surfaces have been studied by laser pump-and-probe photoemission spectroscopy. Normally unpopulated electron states above the valence band maximum (VBM) are filled on the InAs(111)A surface due to the conduction band pinning above the Fermi level (E-F). Accompanied by the downward band banding alignment, a charge accumulation layer is confined to the surface region creating a two dimensional electron gas (2DEG). The decay of the photoexcited carriers above the conduction band minimum (CBM) is originated by bulk states affected by the presence of the surface. No occupied states were found on the InAs(111)B 1 x 1 surface. This fact is suggested to be due to the surface stabilisation by the charge removal from the surface into the bulk. The weak photoemission intensity above the VBM on the (111)B surface is attributed to electron states trapped by surface defects. The fast decay of the photoexcited electron states on the (111)A and the (111)B surfaces was found to be tau(111A) less than or equal to 5 ps and tau(111B) less than or equal to 4ps, respectively. We suggest the diffusion of the hot electrons into the bulk is the decay mechanism. (
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Karlsson, Klas-Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Den historiska kunskapen - hur utvecklas den?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Historien är nu. En introduktion till historiedidaktiken. - 9789144052083 ; , s. 211-222
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Månsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Electronic structure and electron dynamics at the GaSb(001) surface studied by femtosecond pump-and-probe pulsed laser photoemission spectroscopy
- 2006
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Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-4332 .- 1873-5584. ; 252:15, s. 5308-5311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transiently excited electron states at the GaSb(001) surface have been studied by means of time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy based on a femtosecond laser system. A normally unpopulated surface electron state has been found at similar to 250 meV above the valence band maximum with a strong confinement at the center of the surface Brillouin zone. The lifetime of transiently excited carriers at the intergap surface states has been found to be similar to 11 ps, associated with rapid carrier diffusion.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Walsh, Sarah H, et al.
(författare)
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Telomere length and correlation with histopathogenesis in B-cell leukemias/lymphomas
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0902-4441 .- 1600-0609. ; 78:4, s. 283-289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Telomere length was recently reported to correlate with cellular origin of B-cell malignancies in relation to the germinal center (GC). In this report, we measured telomere length by quantitative-PCR in 223 B-cell lymphomas/leukemias and correlated results with immunoglobulin (Ig) mutation status and immunostainings for GC/non-GC subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Shortest telomeres were found in Ig-unmutated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) [median telomere to single copy gene value (T/S) 0.33], differing significantly to Ig-mutated CLL (0.63). Contrary to this, mantle cell lymphomas (MCLs) exhibited similar telomere lengths regardless of Ig mutation status (0.47). Telomere length differed significantly between GC-like (0.73) and non-GC-like DLBCLs (0.43), and follicular lymphomas (FLs) had shorter telomeres (0.53) than GC-DLBCL. Hairy cell leukemias, which display Ig gene intraclonal heterogeneity, had longer telomeres (0.62) than FLs and non-GC-DLBCL, but shorter than GC-DLBCL. We conclude that although DLBCL and CLL subsets can be clearly distinguished, telomere length reflects many parameters and may not simply correlate with GC-related origin.
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| 10. |
- Zander, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Modernitetskritik i svart-vitt. Chaplin mellan kapitalism, kommunism och nazism
- 2007
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Ingår i: Historia mot strömmen. Kultur och konflikt i det moderna Europa. - 9789173310840 ; , s. 212-235
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Charles Chaplin discussed in his films from the late 1930s and early 1940s modernity and ideology. With examples from Modern Times, The Great Dictator and Monsieuer Verdoux, I discuss different interpretations and some reactions to these films.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Agnarsson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of initial surface reconstruction on nitridation of Al2O3 (0001) using low pressure ammonia
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 101:1, s. 013519-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of initial surface reconstruction on the nitridation process of Al2O3 (0001). This was done by exposing differently reconstructed sapphire substrates at different temperatures to low pressure ammonia (NH3). Structural and chemical analysis were carried out using low-electron energy diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The experiments revealed that using low pressure ammonia (P-NH3 < 1 X 10(-5) Torr), no nitridation takes place on (1x1) unreconstructed surfaces. However, when the unreconstructed surface starts to change to a (root 31 x root 31) R +/- 9 degrees reconstructed surface, with increasing substrate temperature, the nitridation becomes successful. When using the initially reconstructed surface, the nitridation is successful even from the lowest temperature used. These results suggest that the initial surface reconstruction has a major effect on the nitridation process. This kinetic behavior has not been reported before, with most nitridation studies mainly focusing on the effect of surface temperature on the resulting surface morphology, rather than the actual kinetics of the process itself.
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| 14. |
- Ahlin, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Structural requirements for drug inhibition of the liver specific human organic cation transport protein 1
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 51:19, s. 5932-5942
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The liver-specific organic cation transport protein (OCT1; SLC22A1) transports several cationic drugs including the antidiabetic drug metformin and the anticancer agents oxaliplatin and imatinib. In this study, we explored the chemical space of registered oral drugs with the aim of studying the inhibition pattern of OCT1 and of developing predictive computational models of OCT1 inhibition. In total, 191 structurally diverse compounds were examined in HEK293-OCT1 cells. The assay identified 47 novel inhibitors and confirmed 15 previously known inhibitors. The enrichment of OCT1 inhibitors was seen in several drug classes including antidepressants. High lipophilicity and a positive net charge were found to be the key physicochemical properties for OCT1 inhibition, whereas a high molecular dipole moment and many hydrogen bonds were negatively correlated to OCT1 inhibition. The data were used to generate OPLS-DA models for OCT1 inhibitors; the final model correctly predicted 82% of the inhibitors and 88% of the noninhibitors of the test set.
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| 15. |
- Ahlström, Christer, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of Suspected Aortic Stenosis by Auto Mutual Information Analysis of Murmurs
- 2007
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Ingår i: Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2007. EMBS 2007. - 9781424407873 ; , s. 1945-1948
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mild sclerotic thickening of the aortic valve affects 25% of the population, and the condition causes aortic valve stenosis (AS) in 2% of adults above 65 years. Echocardiography is today the clinical standard for assessing AS. However, a cost effective and uncomplicated technique that can be used for decision support in the primary health care would be of great value. In this study, recorded phonocardiographic signals were analyzed using the first local minimum of the auto mutual information (AMI) function. The AMI method measures the complexity in the sound signal, which is related to the amount of turbulence in the blood flow and thus to the severity of the stenosis. Two previously developed phonocardiographic methods for assessing AS severity were used for comparison, the murmur energy ratio and the sound spectral averaging technique. Twenty-nine patients with suspected AS were examined with Doppler echocardiography. The aortic jet velocity was used as a reference of AS severity, and it was found to correlate with the AMI method, the murmur energy ratio and the sound spectral averaging technique with the correlation coefficient R = 0.82, R = 0.73 and R = 0.76, respectively.
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| 16. |
- Ahlström, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Feature Extraction for Systolic Heart Murmur Classification
- 2006
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Ingår i: Annals of Biomedical Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0090-6964 .- 1573-9686. ; 34:11, s. 1666-1677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heart murmurs are often the first signs of pathological changes of the heart valves, and they are usually found during auscultation in the primary health care. Distinguishing a pathological murmur from a physiological murmur is however difficult, why an “intelligent stethoscope” with decision support abilities would be of great value. Phonocardiographic signals were acquired from 36 patients with aortic valve stenosis, mitral insufficiency or physiological murmurs, and the data were analyzed with the aim to find a suitable feature subset for automatic classification of heart murmurs. Techniques such as Shannon energy, wavelets, fractal dimensions and recurrence quantification analysis were used to extract 207 features. 157 of these features have not previously been used in heart murmur classification. A multi-domain subset consisting of 14, both old and new, features was derived using Pudil’s sequential floating forward selection (SFFS) method. This subset was compared with several single domain feature sets. Using neural network classification, the selected multi-domain subset gave the best results; 86% correct classifications compared to 68% for the first runner-up. In conclusion, the derived feature set was superior to the comparative sets, and seems rather robust to noisy data.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Alexandersson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Producing and consuming knowledge in social work practice: research and development activities in a Swedish context
- 2009
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Ingår i: Evidence & Policy. - : Bristol University Press. - 1744-2648 .- 1744-2656. ; 5:2, s. 127-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents various forms of activities performed by locally based social welfare research and development (R&D) units in Sweden. The authors argue that these units are vital actors in the field of encouraging and strengthening evidence-based social work practice. They are close to social services organisations and have the ability to use flexible methods in order to bridge the gap between research and practice in a local context. The theoretical framework for the article is the organisational excellence model – an archetype for how research can be used in practice.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Babonas, G. J., et al.
(författare)
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Optical properties of Fe-doped silica films on Si
- 2006
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Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-4332 .- 1873-5584. ; 252:15, s. 5391-5394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical properties of Fe-doped silica films on Si were investigated by ellipsometric technique in the region 1-5 eV. Samples were produced by sol-gel method. Precursors were prepared by mixing tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) solution in ethanol and water with aqueous solution of Fe-chloride or Fe-acetate. The coating solution was deposited on Si substrates by spin on technique. The size of Fe-containing nanometric-sized particles depended on technology and varied from 20 to 100 nm. Optical response of complex hybrid samples SiO2:Fe/Si was interpreted in a multi-layer model. In the inverse problem, the Maxwell equations were solved by transfer matrix technique. Dielectric function of Fe-doped silica layers was calculated in the model of effective media. Analysis of optical data has shown that various Fe-oxides formed. Experimental data for films obtained from precursors with Fe-acetate and annealed in hydrogen were well described by the model calculations taking into account a small contribution 1-5% of metal Fe imbedded in silica. The Fe/Fe-O contribution to optical response increased for samples grown from FeCl3-precursor. Ellipsometric data for Fe-doped silica films on Si were interpreted taking into account the structural AFM studies as well as the results of magnetic measurements.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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Batch process strategy for analysing metabolic variation controlling the growth process of hybrid aspen
- 2005
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- High resolution magic angle spinning proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, {1}H HR/MAS NMR, and multivariate data analysis using batch processing, BP, was applied for the analysis of two different genotypes of poplar tree (Populus tremula L. x tremuloides Michx.), containing an antisense construct of PttMYB76 and control (wild type). A gene encoding a MYB transcription factor, with unknown function, PttMYB76, was selected from a cambial EST library of poplar tree (Populus tremula L. x remuloides Michx.) for metabonomic characterisation. The PttMYB76 gene is believed to affect different paths of the phenyl propanoid synthetic pathway. This pathway leads to the formation of S- and G-lignin, flavonoids and sinapate esters. Milled poplar samples collected at the internodes of the tree were analysed using {1}H high resolution magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy. The application of multivariate batch processing of the NMR results revealed a growth-related gradient in the plant internode direction as well as the discrimination between the trees with down regulated PttMYB76 expression and wild type populations. This paper is focused on the potential of a new analytical multivariate approach for analysing time-related plant metabonomic data. The techniques used could, with the aid of suitable model compounds, be of high relevance to the detection and understanding of the different lignification processes within the two types of poplar tree. Additionally, the findings are highlighting the importance of applying robust and organised multivariate data analysis approaches to facilitate modelling and interpretation of complex biological data sets.
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| 23. |
- Bengtsson, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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Producing and consuming knowledge in social work practice : Research and development activities in a Swedish context.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Evidence and policy. - : Policy Press. - 1744-2648 .- 1744-2656. ; 5:2, s. 127-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to describe how experince-based knowledge can be made visible by giving some examples of how this has been done in Swedish social welfare services, in collaborations between social services agencies and research and development (R&D) units. These examples will be linked to theories and discussed in relation to different research utilisation models. By using one of these models, it is argued that R&D activities can broaden the concept of evidence-based practice and help brigde the gap between research and practice.
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| 24. |
- Bergkvist, Goran, et al.
(författare)
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Immediate Loading of Implants in the Edentulous Maxilla : Use of an Interim Fixed Prosthesis Followed by a Permanent Fixed Prosthesis: A 32-Month Prospective Radiological and Clinical Study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research. - : Wiley. - 1523-0899 .- 1708-8208. ; 11:1, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the survival rate of splinted and immediately loaded Straumann sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched, solid-screw dental implants in the edentulous maxilla after 32 months of loading. Twenty-eight patients (mean age 63 years) with edentulous maxillae received 168 implants (six each) and an implant-supported fixed interim prosthesis within 24 hours after surgery. After a mean healing time of 15 weeks, the patients received permanent screw-retained prostheses. Clinical and radiological examinations were made at implant placement and after 8, 20, and 32 months of loading. All permanent prostheses were removed at the 32-month follow-up; implant stability was checked with a torque device, and the implant stability quotient was determined with resonance frequency analysis. Mean marginal bone loss from baseline to 8 months after loading was 1.6 mm (SD 1.16; p = .094), from 8 to 20 months 0.41 mm (SD 0.63; p = .094), and from 20 to 32 months 0.08 mm (SD 0.49; p = .039). The 32-month cumulative survival rate was 98.2%. The 32-month survival of solid-screw implants - immediately loaded within 24 hours after placement - was similar to survival rates reported for solid-screw implants with conventional loading. Immediate loading and splinting of implants in the edentulous maxilla is a viable treatment alternative.
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| 25. |
- Bergkvist, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Immediately loaded implants supporting fixed prostheses in the edentulous maxilla : A preliminary clinical and radiologic report
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants. - 0882-2786 .- 1942-4434. ; 20:3, s. 399-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To evaluate the survival rate of immediately loaded ITI sand-blasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) solid-screw dental implants in the edentulous maxilla after 8 months of loading. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight patients (mean age 63 years) with edentulous maxillae each received 6 implants and 1 implant-supported fixed provisional prosthesis within 24 hours after surgery. After a mean healing time of 15 weeks, the patient received a definitive, screw-retained, implant-supported fixed prosthesis. A total of 168 implants were placed. Clinical parameters were registered after 1 month of loading with the implant-supported fixed prostheses as well as 8 months after implant place ment. Radiologic examinations and assessments were made at implant placement and after 8 months. Results: The mean marginal bone level at implant placement was 1.6 mm (range 0 to 5.1, SD 1.1) apical of the reference point (the implant shoulder). The mean marginal bone level at the 8-month follow-up was 3.2 mm (range 0.4 to 5.9, SD 1.1) apical of the reference point. Three implants failed during the healing period. Discussion: The improved results in the present study might be a result of the positive effect of splinting the implants immediately after placement Conclusion: ITI SLA solid-screw implants immediately loaded (ie, loaded within 24 hours of placement) and supporting fixed prostheses had successful survival rates after 8 months. The present results constitute a solid base line for future follow-up studies.
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| 26. |
- Björ, Bodil, et al.
(författare)
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Acute effects on heart rate variability when exposed to hand transmitted vibration and noise.
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 81:2, s. 193-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: This study investigates possible acute effects on heart rate variability (HRV) when people are exposed to hand transmitted vibration and noise individually and simultaneously. METHODS: Ten male and 10 female subjects were recruited by advertisement. Subjects completed a questionnaire concerning their work environment, general health, medication, hearing, and physical activity level. The test started with the subject resting for 15 min while sitting down. After resting, they were exposed to one of four exposure conditions: (1) only vibration; (2) only noise; (3) both noise and vibration; or (4) a control condition of exposure to the static load only. All four exposures lasted 15 min and the resting time between the exposures was 30 min. A continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) signal was recorded and the following HRV parameters were calculated: total spectral power (P(TOT)); the spectral power of the very low frequency component (P(VLF)); the low frequency component (P(LF)); the high frequency component (P(HF)); and the ratio LF/HF. RESULTS: Exposure to only vibration resulted in a lower P(TOT) compared to static load, whereas exposure to only noise resulted in a higher P(TOT). The mean values of P(TOT), P(VLF), P(LF), and P(HF) were lowest during exposure to vibration and simultaneous exposure to vibration and noise. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to vibration and/or noise acutely affects HRV compared to standing without these exposures. Being exposed to vibration only and being exposed to noise only seem to generate opposite effects. Compared to no exposure, P(TOT) was reduced during vibration exposure and increased during noise exposure.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Brinkmalm-Westman, Ann, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Proteomics/peptidomics tools to find CSF biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library. - : IMR Press. - 1093-4715. ; 14, s. 1793-806
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by premature neuronal loss in specific brain regions. During the past decades our knowledge on molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration has increased immensely and resulted in promising drug candidates that might slow down or even stop the neuronal loss. These advances have put a strong focus on the development of diagnostic tools for early or pre-clinical detection of the disorders. In this review we discuss our experience in the field of neuroproteomics/peptidomics, with special focus on biomarker discovery studies that have been performed on CSF samples from well-defined patient and control populations.
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| 29. |
- Bååthe, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Population pharmacokinetics of melagatran, the active form of the oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran, in atrial fibrillation patients receiving long-term anticoagulation therapy
- 2006
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Ingår i: Clinical Pharmacokinetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0312-5963 .- 1179-1926. ; 45:8, s. 803-819
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Ximelagatran is an oral direct thrombin inhibitor for the prevention of thromboembolic disease. After oral administration, ximelagatran is rapidly absorbed and bioconverted to its active form, melagatran. Objective: To characterise the pharmacokinetics of melagatran in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) receiving long-term treatment for prevention of stroke and systemic embolic events. Methods: A population pharmacokinetic model was developed based on data from three phase 11 studies (1177 plasma concentration observations in 167 patients, treated for up to 18 months) and confirmed by including data from two phase III studies (8702 plasma concentration observations in 3188 patients, treated for up to 24 months). The impact of individualised dosing on pharmacokinetic variability was evaluated by simulations of melagatran concentrations based on the pharmacokinetic model. Results: Melagatran pharmacokinetics were consistent across the studied doses and duration of treatment, and were described by a one-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination. Clearance of melagatran was correlated to creatinine clearance, which was the most important predictor of melagatran exposure (explained 54% of interpatient variance in clearance). Total variability (coefficient of variation) in exposure was 45%; intraindividual variability in exposure was 23%. Concomitant medication with the most common long-term used drugs in the study population had no relevant influence on melagatran pharmacokinetics. Simulations suggested that dose adjustment based on renal function or trough plasma concentration had a minor effect on overall pharmacokinetic variability and the number of patients with high melagatran exposure. Conclusion: The pharmacokinetics of melagatran in NVAF patients were predictable, and consistent with results from previously studied patient populations. Dose individualisation was predicted to have a low impact on pharmacokinetic variability, supporting the use of a fixed-dose regimen of ximelagatran for long-term anticoagulant therapy in the majority of NVAF patients.
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| 30. |
- Carlsson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Affinity of galectin-8 and its carbohydrate recognition domains for ligands in solution and at the cell surface.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Glycobiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0959-6658 .- 1460-2423. ; 17:6, s. 663-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Galectin-8 has two different carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs), the N-terminal Gal-8N and the C-terminal Gal-8C linked by a peptide, and has various effects on cell adhesion and signaling. To understand the mechanism for these effects further, we compared the binding activities of galectin-8 in solution with its binding and activation of cells. We used glycan array analysis to broaden the specificity profile of the two galectin-8 CRDs, as well as intact galectin-8s (short and long linker), confirming the unique preference for sulfated and sialylated glycans of Gal-8N. Using a fluorescence anisotropy assay, we examined the solution affinities for a subset of these glycans, the highest being 50 nM for NeuAcalpha2,3Lac by Gal-8N. Thus, carbohydrate-protein interactions can be of high affinity without requiring multivalency. More importantly, using fluorescence polarization, we also gained information on how the affinity is built by multiple weak interactions between different fragments of the glycan and its carrier molecule and the galectin CRD subsites (A-E). In intact galectin-8 proteins, the two domains act independently of each other in solution, whereas at a surface they act together. Ligands with moderate or weak affinity for the isolated CRDs on the array are bound strongly by intact galectin-8s. Also galectin-8 binding and signaling at cell surfaces can be explained by combined binding of the two CRDs to low or medium affinity ligands, and their highest affinity ligands, such as sialylated galactosides, are not required.
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| 31. |
- Castagna, A., et al.
(författare)
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Minor shoulder instability
- 2007
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Ingår i: Arthroscopy. - 1526-3231. ; 23:2, s. 211-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The wide spectrum of shoulder instability is difficult to include in 1 classification. The distinction between traumatic, unidirectional, and atraumatic multidirectional instability is still widely used, even though this classification is not sufficiently precise to include all the different pathological findings of shoulder instability. We present "minor instability," which is a pathological condition causing a dysfunction of the glenohumeral articulation, especially in combination with microtrauma, repetitive or not, or after a period of immobilization or inactivity. When "minor shoulder instability" is suspected, the patient's history and detailed clinical examination represent the most important factors when establishing the diagnosis. In particular, the apprehension test stressing the middle glenohumeral ligament (MGHL)/labral complex in the position of midabduction and external rotation may be painful and may even reveal anterior instability or subluxation. Conventional radiographs are negative in most cases, as is magnetic resonance imaging arthrography. It is only after an accurate arthroscopic assessment that the pathological lesion can be found. The major pathological process can be identified at the level of the anterior superior labrum, in particular the MGHL complex, and appears as hyperemia, fraying, stretching, loosening, thinning, hypoplasia, or even absence. It may, however, be difficult to distinguish between a normal variant and a pathological lesion. Clinical symptoms and examination should always be correlated with arthroscopic findings. Recommended treatment is to restore shoulder stability and thereby prevent shoulder pain secondary to the increase in laxity. A reduction in range of motion should be expected during the postoperative phase, at least up to six to nine months. External rotation is usually permanently reduced by a few degrees.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Cornelissen, Johannes H C, et al.
(författare)
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Global negative vegetation feedback to climate warming responses of leaf litter decomposition rates in cold biomes
- 2007
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Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 10:7, s. 619-627
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whether climate change will turn cold biomes from large long-term carbon sinks into sources is hotly debated because of the great potential for ecosystem-mediated feedbacks to global climate. Critical are the direction, magnitude and generality of climate responses of plant litter decomposition. Here, we present the first quantitative analysis of the major climate-change-related drivers of litter decomposition rates in cold northern biomes worldwide.Leaf litters collected from the predominant species in 33 global change manipulation experiments in circum-arctic-alpine ecosystems were incubated simultaneously in two contrasting arctic life zones. We demonstrate that longer-term, large-scale changes to leaf litter decomposition will be driven primarily by both direct warming effects and concomitant shifts in plant growth form composition, with a much smaller role for changes in litter quality within species. Specifically, the ongoing warming-induced expansion of shrubs with recalcitrant leaf litter across cold biomes would constitute a negative feedback to global warming. Depending on the strength of other (previously reported) positive feedbacks of shrub expansion on soil carbon turnover, this may partly counteract direct warming enhancement of litter decomposition.
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| 35. |
- Cullberg, Marie, 1958-
(författare)
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Direct Thrombin Inhibitors in Treatment and Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism: Dose – Concentration – Response Relationships
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For prevention and treatment of thrombotic diseases with an anticoagulant drug it is important that an adequate dose is given to avoid occurrence or recurrence of thrombosis, without increasing the risk of bleeding and other adverse events to unacceptable levels. The aim of this thesis was to develop mathematical models that describe the dose-concentration (pharmacokinetic) and concentration-response (pharmacodynamic) relationships of direct thrombin inhibitors, in order to estimate optimal dosages for treatment and long-term secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE).Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models were developed, based on data from clinical investigations in healthy volunteers and patients receiving intravenous inogatran, subcutaneous melagatran and/or its oral prodrug ximelagatran. The benefit-risk profiles of different ximelagatran dosages were estimated using clinical utility functions. These functions were based on the probabilities and fatal consequences of thrombosis, bleeding and elevation of the hepatic enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALAT).The studies demonstrate that the pharmacokinetics of melagatran and ximelagatran were predictable and well correlated to renal function. The coagulation marker, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), increased non-linearly with increasing thrombin inhibitor plasma concentration. Overall, the systemic melagatran exposure (AUC) and APTT were similarly predictive of thrombosis and bleedings. The identified relationship between the risk of ALAT-elevation and melagatran AUC suggests that the incidence approaches a maximum at high exposures. The estimated clinical utility was favourable compared to placebo in the overall study population and in special subgroups of patients following fixed dosing of ximelagatran for long-term secondary prevention of VTE. Individualized dosing was predicted to add limited clinical benefit in this indication.The models developed can be used to support the studied dosage and for selection of alternative dosing strategies that may improve the clinical outcome of ximelagatran treatment. In addition, the models may be extrapolated to aid the dose selection in clinical trials with other direct thrombin inhibitors.
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| 36. |
- Davila, Maria E., et al.
(författare)
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Perturbation of Ge(111) and Si(111)root 3 alpha-Sn surfaces by adsorption of dopants
- 2006
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 600:16, s. 3154-3159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We test the response of the root 3 x root 3 alpha reconstructions formed by 1/3 monolayer of tin adatoms on silicon and germanium (111) surfaces upon doping with electrons or holes, using potassium or iodine as probes/perturbers of the initial electronic structures. From detailed synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy studies we show that doping with either electrons or holes plays a complimentary role on the Si and Ge surfaces and, especially, leads to complete conversion of the Sn 4d two-component spectra into single line shapes. We find that the low binding energy component of the Sn core level for both Si and Ge surfaces corresponds to Sn adatoms with higher electronic charge, than the Sn adatoms that contribute to the core level high binding energy signal. This could be analyzed as Sn adatoms with different valence state.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Doverhag, Christina, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of NADPH oxidase does not reduce brain damage in different models of perinatal brain injury in newborn mice
- 2008
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Disease. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-953X .- 0969-9961. ; 31:1, s. 133-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important in the development of perinatal brain injury. The ROS-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase (Nox2) is present in inflammatory cells and contributes to brain injury in adult animal models. HYPOTHESIS: NADPH oxidase contributes to ROS formation and development of injury in the immature brain and inhibition of NADPH oxidase attenuates perinatal brain injury. METHODS: We used animal models of term hypoxia-ischemia (HI) (P9 mice) as well as ibotenate-induced excitotoxic injury (P5 mice) mimicking features of periventricular leukomalacia in preterm infants. In vitro microglia cell cultures were used to investigate NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS formation. In vivo we determined the impact 1) of HI on NADPH oxidase gene expression 2) of genetic (gp91-phox/Nox2 knock-out) and 3) of pharmacological NADPH oxidase inhibition on HI-induced injury and NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxic injury, respectively. Endpoints were ROS formation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation and extent of injury. RESULTS: Hypoxia-ischemia increased NADPH oxidase subunits mRNA expression in total brain tissue in vivo. In vitro ibotenate increased NADPH oxidase-dependent formation of reactive oxygen species in microglia. In vivo the inhibition of NADPH oxidase did not reduce the extent of brain injury in any of the animal models. In contrast, the injury was increased by inhibition of NADPH oxidase and genetic inhibition was associated with an increased level of galectin-3 and IL-1beta. CONCLUSION: NADPH oxidase is upregulated after hypoxia-ischemia and activated microglia cells are a possible source of Nox2-derived ROS. In contrast to findings in adult brain, NADPH oxidase does not significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of perinatal brain injury. Results obtained in adult animals cannot be transferred to newborns and inhibition of NADPH oxidase should not be used in attempts to attenuate injury.
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| 41. |
- Emmoth, Birger, et al.
(författare)
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Fuel removal from bumper limiter tiles by using a pulsed excimer laser
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3115 .- 1873-4820. ; 337-39:1-3, s. 639-643
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Samples of a limiter tile from the TEXTOR tokamak were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and nuclear reaction analysis both before and after laser heating. SEM images showed spheres and thin flakes covering the surface which are the areas modified by plasma particles striking under grazing angles. Due to roughness of the surface there are shadowed regions between the 'flakes'. Laser pulses did not lead to expected common ablation of the surface. Features that looked like 'melting' of thin surface layers were rather observed. The initial deuterium content in the surface layer of tiles was of the order of 10(18) D atoms per cm(2). After the laser light impact the content decreased with 60-70%; by reducing the deposited power by a factor four, the deuterium content was decreased by 40-50%. We make the interpretation that we approach a threshold of the laser detritiation method in fusion devices.
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| 42. |
- Enebro, Jonas, 1979-
(författare)
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New Mass Spectrometric Methods for Structure Analysis of Carboxymethyl Cellulose
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a cellulose derivative, made from cellulose by introduction of carboxymethyl groups along the molecules. The properties of CMC are affected by several parameters where the molar mass and molar mass distribution, degree of substitution (DS) and the distribution pattern along, and between, the cellulose molecules are the most prominent. In the present thesis we have investigated the use of various mass spectrometric techniques, such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) and electrospray ionization MS (ESI-MS), for characterization of the chemical structure of CMC. We here present a refined sample preparation procedure for MALDI that greatly facilitates the spectrum acquisition and improves the quality of the mass spectrum when analyzing partially hydrolyzed CMC. The refined method allows for estimation of the DS in CMC samples as a complement to more expensive and laborious methods. We also show that by combining MALDI-TOFMS with selective hydrolysis, by purified endoglucanase, and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) it is possible to differentiate between CMCs of similar monomer composition but differences in the substitution pattern. Our findings show that the CMC containing longer non-substituted cellulose segments along the polymer backbone also displayed the highest intermolecular interactions in solution, as measured by rheometry. In order to take full advantage of the selective hydrolysis, provided by purified endoglucanases, more information regarding their selectivity on CMC must be investigated. We therefore present methods where chemical sample preparation of the oligomeric enzyme products is performed in order to facilitate the chemical structure characterization by ESI-MS/MS and liquid chromatography MS (LC-MS). These methods provides valuable information regarding the substituent distribution along the oligomeric enzyme products, and thereby gives indications regarding the selectivity of the endoglucanases on CMC substrates. From our finding we are able to present interesting information regarding the selectivity of four endoglucanases (Cel7B, Cel5A, Cel45A and Cel74A) from the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei and provide plausible explanations to their apparent differences in selectivity on CMC.
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| 43. |
- Erneklint, Christian, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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An in vitro load evaluation of a conical implant system with 2 abutment designs and 3 different retaining-screw alloys.
- 2007
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Ingår i: The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants. - 0882-2786. ; 21:5, s. 733-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the load resistance in a conical implant system by comparing combinations of 2 different abutment head angles and 3 different retaining screw materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The retaining screw materials (titanium alloy, gold alloy, and commercially pure titanium) were tested with abutment-head angles of 20 degrees and 45 degrees. Six groups of 10 specimens each were prepared. An oblique (30-degree) compression test was performed in a Lloyd LRX universal testing machine with the abutment attached to a superstructure with a retaining screw. All specimens were loaded until fracture or permanent deformation occurred. The results were evaluated statistically with Wilcoxon signed rank test for variance distribution (P < .05 considered significant). RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in load resistance between 20-degree and 45-degree abutments. The titanium screws (titanium alloy and commercially pure) in the 45-degree abutment group had almost equal mean values, while the gold alloy had a significantly lower value. In the 20-degree abutment group, significantly higher values were found with commercially pure titanium compared to titanium alloy and gold alloy, but the difference between the values for the gold and titanium alloys was not significant. DISCUSSION: The angulation of the abutment head played the most significant role in determining the amount of load withstood, but the material used for the screw was also relevant. CONCLUSION: A 45-degree abutment can be combined with a retaining screw of any of these materials to create a functional implant system. The test also substantiated that, irrespective of the retaining-screw material, a 20-degree abutment could resist loading forces of at least 900 N.
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| 44. |
- Gerhardsson, Lars, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Vascular and nerve damage in workers exposed to vibrating tools. The importance of objective measurements of exposure time.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Applied ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 36:1, s. 55-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to compare the development of vibration white fingers (VWF) in workers in relation to different ways of exposure estimation, and their relationship to the standard ISO 5349, annex A. Nineteen vibration exposed (grinding machines) male workers completed a questionnaire followed by a structured interview including questions regarding their estimated hand-held vibration exposure. Neurophysiological tests such as fractionated nerve conduction velocity in hands and arms, vibrotactile perception thresholds and temperature thresholds were determined. The subjective estimation of the mean daily exposure-time to vibrating tools was 192 min (range 18-480 min) among the workers. The estimated mean exposure time calculated from the consumption of grinding wheels was 42 min (range 18-60 min), approximately a four-fold overestimation (Wilcoxon's signed ranks test, p<0.001). Thus, objective measurements of the exposure time, related to the standard ISO 5349, which in this case were based on the consumption of grinding wheels, will in most cases give a better basis for adequate risk assessment than self-exposure assessment.
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| 45. |
- Grabowski, Pawel, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Telomere length as a prognostic parameter in chronic lymphocytic leukemia with special reference to VH gene mutation status
- 2005
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 105:12, s. 4807-4812
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) consists of 2 prognostic entities where cases with mutated immunoglobulin VH genes have better outcome than unmutated cases. VH-mutated CLLs display longer telomeres compared with unmutated cases and telomere length has been indicated to predict outcome, although the prognostic value of telomere length has not been fully established in CLL. We analyzed telomere length, VH gene mutation status, and clinical parameters in a large series of CLL. Telomere length was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), giving a very good correlation to telomere length estimated by Southern blotting (P < .001). The prognostic information given by mutation status (n = 282) and telomere length (n = 246) was significant (P < .001, respectively). Telomere length was a prognostic factor for stage A (P = .021) and stage B/C (P = .018) patients, whereas mutation status predicted outcome only in stage A patients (P < .001). Furthermore, mutated CLLs were subdivided by telomere length into 2 groups with different prognoses (P = .003), a subdivision not seen for unmutated cases (P = .232). Interestingly, the VH-mutated group with short telomeres had an overall survival close to that of the unmutated cases. Thus, by combining VH mutation status and telomere length, an improved subclassification of CLL was achieved identifying previously unrecognized patient groups with different outcomes.
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| 46. |
- Grehk, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Initial stages of metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition of ZrO2 on a FeCrAl alloy
- 2008
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - Amsterdam : Elsevier BV. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 516:6, s. 875-879
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The initial stages of metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition of ZrO2 on a model FeCrAl alloy was investigated using synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, scanning Auger microprobe, and time of flight secondary mass spectrometry. The coatings were grown in ultra-high vacuum at 400 degrees C and 800 degrees C using the single source precursor zirconium tetra-tert-butoxide. At 400 degrees C the coatings mainly consist of tetragonal ZrO2 and at 800 degrees C a mixed ZrO2/Al2O3 layer is formed. The Al metal diffuses from the FeCrAl bulk to the metal/coating interface at 400 degrees C and to the surface of the coating at 800 degrees C. The result indicates that the reaction mechanism of the growth process is different at the two investigated temperatures.
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| 47. |
- Grishin, Michael A., 1973-
(författare)
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Electronic materials : growth and characterisation
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis the InSb(111), InAs(111) and GaSb(001) surfaces have been studied by means of time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy based upon the femtosecond laser system. The pump-and-probe technique allows to analyse both electron states in the valence band and normally unpopulated electron states above the valence band, which can be occupied by transiently excited carriers at the optically pumped surface. The life time of excited carriers is analysed by controlling over the time delay between pump and probe pulses. Experimental studies of the InSb(111) surface and comparison with a previously studied InSb(110) surface show electron excitations in the bulk region with a minor surface contribution. Time-resolved experiments of carrier dynamics at the polar InAs(111)A and InAs(111)B surfaces show about the same life time of excited carriers, while no populated states above the valence band maximum have been found at the InAs(111)A due to the charge removal. Surface intergap electron states have been found at the GaSb(001) surface located at ~250 meV above the valence band maximum. Angle-resolved experiments showed a strong confinement of this state at the centre of the surface Brillouin zone. A new two dimensional angle-resolved multi-anode analyser for the femtosecond laser photoemission setup has been constructed. The analyser can resolve a cone opening angle of ~1º at a drift distance of ~0.5 m with an energy resolution of ~125 meV. A continuous series of binary system SrTiO3–PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 has been grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on sapphire substrate with crystalline quality control by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The maximum tunability has been tailored to room temperature, where STO�PZT (71/29) composition shows superior performance. A PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 thin film pressure sensor has been fabricated by PLD and characterised by XRD and electrical measurements. The piezoelectric constant was found to be ~20 % higher compared to the bulk ceramics. A ferroelectric thin film electro-optical cell Na0.5K0.5NbO3/La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 (NKN/LSCO) on sapphire has been fabricated by PLD. Refractive indices and electro-optical coefficient of the cell were characterised by prism coupling refractometry. The tunability of the PLD fabricated 2 μm slot NKN thin film interdigital capacitor has been found ~23 % at 40 V bias voltage and frequency 1 MHz.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Hammarsten, J, et al.
(författare)
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Insulin and free oestradiol are independent risk factors for benign prostatic hyperplasia.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5608 .- 1365-7852. ; 12:2, s. 160-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aetiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to test the insulin, oestradiol and metabolic syndrome hypotheses as promoters of BPH. The design was a risk factor analysis of BPH in which the total prostate gland volume was related to endocrine and anthropometric factors. The participants studied were 184 representative men, aged 72-76 years, residing in Göteborg, Sweden. Using a multivariate analysis, BPH as measured by the total prostate gland volume correlated statistically significantly with fasting serum insulin (beta=0.200, P=0.028), free oestradiol (beta=0.233, P=0.008) and lean body mass (beta=0.257, P=0.034). Insulin and free oestradiol appear to be independent risk factors for BPH, confirming both the insulin and the oestradiol hypotheses. Our findings also seem to confirm the metabolic syndrome hypothesis. The metabolic syndrome and its major endocrine aberration, hyperinsulinaemia, are possible primary events in BPH.
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| 50. |
- Herrmann, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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The alpine violet, Viola biflora, is a rich source of novel cyclotides with potent cytotoxic cytotoxicity
- 2008
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Ingår i: Phytochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-9422 .- 1873-3700. ; 69:4, s. 939-952
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cyclotides are currently the largest known family of head-to-tail cyclic proteins. The complex structure of these small plant proteins, which consist of approximately 30 amino acid residues, contains both a circular peptide backbone and a cystine knot, the combination of which produces the cyclic cystine knot motif. To date, cyclotides have been found in plants from the Rubiaceae, Violaceace and Cucurbitaceae families, and are believed to be part of the host defence system. In addition to their insecticidal effect, cyclotides have also been shown to be cytotoxic, anti-HIV, antimicrobial and haemolytic agents. In this study, we show that the alpine violet Viola biflora (Violaceae) is a rich source of cyclotides. The sequences of 11 cyclotides, vibi A-K, were determined by isolation and MS/MS sequencing of proteins and screening of a cDNA library of V. biflora in parallel. For the cDNA screening, a degenerate primer against a conserved (AAFALPA) motif in the cyclotide precursor ER signal sequence yielded a series of predicted cyclotide sequences that were correlated to those of the isolated proteins. There was an apparent discrepancy between the results of the two strategies as only one of the isolated proteins could be identified as a cDNA clone. Finally, to correlate amino acid sequence to cytotoxic potency, vibi D, E, G and H were analysed using a fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay using a lymphoma cell line. The IC50-values of the bracelet cyclotides vibi E, G and H ranged between 0.96 and 5.0 mu M while the Mobius cyclotide vibi D was not cytotoxic at 30 mu M.
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