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- Kechagias, Stergios, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of gastric emptying on the pharmacokinetics of ethanol as influenced by cisapride
- 1999
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Ingår i: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Wiley. - 0306-5251 .- 1365-2125. ; 48:5, s. 728-732
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims To examine the influence of cisapride on the pharmacokinetics of ethanol and the impact of gastric emptying monitored by the paracetamol absorption test. Methods Ten healthy male volunteers took part in a cross-over design experiment. They drank a moderate dose of ethanol 0.30 g kg−1 body weight exactly 1 h after eating breakfast either without any prior drug treatment or after taking cisapride (10 mg three times daily) for 4 consecutive days. In a separate study, the same dose of ethanol was ingested on an empty stomach (overnight fast). Paracetamol (1.5 g) was administered before consumption of ethanol to monitor gastric emptying. Venous blood was obtained at 5–10 min intervals for determination of ethanol by headspace gas chromatography and paracetamol was analysed in serum by high performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.). Results The maximum blood-ethanol concentration (Cmax ) increased from 3.8±1.7 to 5.6±2.3 mmol l−1 (±s.d.) after treatment with cisapride (95% confidence interval CI on mean difference 0.28–3.28 mmol l−1 ). The area under the blood-ethanol curve (AUC) increased from 6.3±3.5 to 7.9±2.6 mmol l−1 h after cisapride (95% CI −0.74–3.9 mmol l−1 h). The mean blood ethanol curves in the cisapride and no-drug sessions converged at ≈2 h after the start of drinking. Both Cmax and AUC were highest when the ethanol was ingested on an empty stomach (Cmax 9.5±1.7 mmol l−1 and AUC 14.6±1.9 mmol l−1 h), compared with drinking 1 h after a meal and regardless of pretreatment with cisapride. Conclusions A small but statistically significant increase in Cmax occurred after treatment with cisapride owing to faster gastric emptying rate as shown by the paracetamol absorption test. However, the rate of absorption of ethanol, as reflected in Cmax and AUC, was greatest after drinking the alcohol on an empty stomach. The cisapride–ethanol interaction probably lacks any clinical or forensic significance.
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| 2. |
- Kechagias, Stergios, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability of breath-alcohol analysis in individuals with gastroesophageal reflux disease
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Sciences. - 0022-1198 .- 1556-4029. ; 44:4, s. 814-818
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is widespread in the population among all age groups and in both sexes. The reliability of breath alcohol analysis in subjects suffering from GERD is unknown. We investigated the relationship between breath-alcohol concentration (BrAC) and blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) in 5 male and 5 female subjects all suffering from severe gastroesophageal reflux disease and scheduled for antireflux surgery. Each subject served in two experiments in random order about 1-2 weeks apart. Both times they drank the same dose of ethanol (~0.3 g/kg) as either beer, white wine, or vodka mixed with orange juice before venous blood and end-expired breath samples were obtained at 5-10 min intervals for 4 h. Ah attempt was made to provoke gastroesophageal reflux in one of the drinking experiments by applying an abdominal compression belt, Blood-ethanol concentration was determined by headspace gas chromatography and breath-ethanol was measured with an electrochemical instrument (Alcolmeter SD-400) of a quantitative infrared analyzer (Data-Master). During the absorption of alcohol, which occurred during the first 90 min after the start of drinking, BrAC (mg/210 L) tended to be the same of higher than venous BAC (mg/dL). In the post-peak phase, the BAC al ways exceeded BrAC. Four of the 10 subjects definitely experienced gastric reflux during the study although this did not result in widely deviant BrAC readings compared with BAC when sampling occurred at 5- min intervals. We conclude that the risk of alcohol erupting from the stomach into the mouth owing to gastric reflux and falsely increasing the result of an evidential breath-alcohol test is highly improbable.
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