| 1. |
- van de Sande-Bruinsma, Nienke, et al.
(författare)
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Antimicrobial drug use and resistance in Europe
- 2008
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Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. ; 14:11, s. 1722-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our study confronts the use of antimicrobial agents in ambulatory care with the resistance trends of 2 major pathogens, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, in 21 European countries in 2000-2005 and explores whether the notion that antimicrobial drug use determines resistance can be supported by surveillance data at national aggregation levels. The data obtained from the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption and the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System suggest that variation of consumption coincides with the occurrence of resistance at the country level. Linear regression analysis showed that the association between antimicrobial drug use and resistance was specific and robust for 2 of 3 compound pathogen combinations, stable over time, but not sensitive enough to explain all of the observed variations. Ecologic studies based on routine surveillance data indicate a relation between use and resistance and support interventions designed to reduce antimicrobial drug consumption at a national level in Europe.
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| 2. |
- Birney, Ewan, et al.
(författare)
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Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 447:7146, s. 799-816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the generation and analysis of functional data from multiple, diverse experiments performed on a targeted 1% of the human genome as part of the pilot phase of the ENCODE Project. These data have been further integrated and augmented by a number of evolutionary and computational analyses. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge about human genome function in several major areas. First, our studies provide convincing evidence that the genome is pervasively transcribed, such that the majority of its bases can be found in primary transcripts, including non-protein-coding transcripts, and those that extensively overlap one another. Second, systematic examination of transcriptional regulation has yielded new understanding about transcription start sites, including their relationship to specific regulatory sequences and features of chromatin accessibility and histone modification. Third, a more sophisticated view of chromatin structure has emerged, including its inter-relationship with DNA replication and transcriptional regulation. Finally, integration of these new sources of information, in particular with respect to mammalian evolution based on inter- and intra-species sequence comparisons, has yielded new mechanistic and evolutionary insights concerning the functional landscape of the human genome. Together, these studies are defining a path for pursuit of a more comprehensive characterization of human genome function.
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| 4. |
- Gambardella, P., et al.
(författare)
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Supramolecular control of the magnetic anisotropy in two-dimensional high-spin Fe arrays at a metal interface
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nature Materials. - 1476-4660 .- 1476-1122. ; 8:3, s. 189-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Magnetic atoms at surfaces may provide the ultimate paradigm of a solid-state magnetic memory exhibiting either classical , or quantum , behaviour. Individual atoms, however, are difficult to arrange in regular patterns1,2,3,4, . Moreover, their magnetic properties are dominated by interaction with the substrate, which, as in the case of Kondo systems, often leads to a decrease or quench of their local magnetic moment , . Here we show that the supramolecular assembly of Fe and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid molecules on a Cu surface results in ordered arrays of high-spin mononuclear Fe centres on a 1.5 nm square grid. Lateral coordination with the molecular ligands yields unsaturated yet stable coordination bonds, which allow for the chemical modification of the electronic and magnetic properties of the Fe atoms independently from the substrate. The easy magnetization direction of the Fe centres can be switched by oxygen adsorption, thus opening a way to control the magnetic anisotropy in supramolecular layers akin to that employed in metallic thin films , , , .
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| 5. |
- Mahata, K., et al.
(författare)
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Study of dipole excitations and the single particle structure of neutron rich Ni isotopes
- 2008
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Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - 1551-7616 .- 0094-243X. ; 1012, s. 389-391 453
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experiment was performed using the FRS-LAND setup at GSI to study the dipole strength distributions above neutron separation threshold for neutron-rich Ni isotopes. Measurements, using the same experimental setup, were also carried out to extract single particle occupancies via knockout reactions to investigate the structure and magicity of the neutron-rich Ni isotopes. The status of the data analysis and preliminary results are presented.
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| 8. |
- Yano, J, et al.
(författare)
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X-ray damage to the Mn4Ca complex in single crystals of photosystem II: : A case study for metalloprotein crystallography
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - , Phys Biosci Div, Melvin Calvin Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tech Univ Berlin, Max Volmer Lab Biophys Chem, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Kristallog, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Max Planck Inst Bioanorgan Chem, D-45470 Mulheim, Germany. : NATL ACAD SCIENCES. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 102:34, s. 12047-12052
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to measure the damage caused by exposure to x-rays to the Mn4Ca active site in single crystals of photosystem II as a function of dose and energy of x-rays, temperature, and time. These studies reveal that the conditions used for structure determination by x-ray crystallography cause serious damage specifically to the metal-site structure. The x-ray absorption spectra show that the structure changes from one that is characteristic of a high-valent Mn-4(III2,IV2), oxo-bridged Mn4Ca cluster to that of Mn(II) in aqueous solution. This damage to the metal site occurs at a dose that is more than one order of magnitude lower than the dose that results in loss of diffractivity and is commonly considered safe for protein crystallography. These results establish quantitative x-ray dose parameters that are applicable to redox-active metalloproteins. This case study shows that a careful evaluation of the structural intactness of the active site(s) by spectroscopic techniques can validate structures derived from crystallography and that it can be a valuable complementary method before structure-function correlations of metalloproteins can be made on the basis of high-resolution x-ray crystal structures.
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