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- Junquera, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Design of a New Horizontal Test Cryostat for Scrfcavities at the Uppsala University
- 2014
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Ingår i: SRF2013: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on RF Superconductivity. - 9783954501434 ; , s. 325-327
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- At Uppsala University, the FREIA facility for researchand development of new accelerators and associatedinstrumentation, is presently in construction. Associatedto a new Helium Liquefier, a Horizontal Test Cryostat willbe used for high power RF tests of completely equippedSC cavities. This paper presents the main characteristicsof the cryostat. Two types of cavities have beenconsidered for test purpose: SC elliptical cavities forfuture free electron lasers and SC cavities for highintensity proton accelerators. A special valve boxincluding a subcooling stage and power coupler coolingwith supercritical Helium supply have been designed, fortemperature operation ranging from 2 K to 4.2 K. Thisfacility will play an essential role in the development andtest of cavities, couplers and cryomodules for the ESSproject. High power RF sources will be installed in orderto allow unique and complete tests of spoke cavities andcryomodules at high nominal peak power.
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- Sansoni, P, et al.
(författare)
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New advances in CMV and immunosenescence
- 2014
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Ingår i: Experimental gerontology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-6815 .- 0531-5565. ; 55, s. 54-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Green, Richard E., et al.
(författare)
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Three crocodilian genomes reveal ancestral patterns of evolution among archosaurs
- 2014
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 346:6215, s. 1335-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To provide context for the diversification of archosaurs-the group that includes crocodilians, dinosaurs, and birds-we generated draft genomes of three crocodilians: Alligator mississippiensis (the American alligator), Crocodylus porosus (the saltwater crocodile), and Gavialis gangeticus (the Indian gharial). We observed an exceptionally slow rate of genome evolution within crocodilians at all levels, including nucleotide substitutions, indels, transposable element content and movement, gene family evolution, and chromosomal synteny. When placed within the context of related taxa including birds and turtles, this suggests that the common ancestor of all of these taxa also exhibited slow genome evolution and that the comparatively rapid evolution is derived in birds. The data also provided the opportunity to analyze heterozygosity in crocodilians, which indicates a likely reduction in population size for all three taxa through the Pleistocene. Finally, these data combined with newly published bird genomes allowed us to reconstruct the partial genome of the common ancestor of archosaurs, thereby providing a tool to investigate the genetic starting material of crocodilians, birds, and dinosaurs.
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- Mitzner, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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L-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Dilute Systems Relevant to Metalloproteins Using an X-ray Free-Electron Laser
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7185. ; 4:21, s. 3641-3647
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- L-edge spectroscopy of 3d transition metals provides important electronic structure information and has been used in many fields. However, the use of this method for studying dilute aqueous systems, such as metalloenzymes, has not been prevalent because of severe radiation damage and the lack of suitable detection systems. Here we present spectra from a dilute Mn aqueous solution using a high-transmission zone-plate spectrometer at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). The spectrometer has been optimized for discriminating the Mn L-edge signal from the overwhelming 0 K-edge background that arises from water and protein itself, and the ultrashort LCLS X-ray pulses can outrun X-ray induced damage. We show that the deviations of the partial-fluorescence yield-detected spectra from the true absorption can be well modeled using the state-dependence of the fluorescence yield, and discuss implications for the application of our concept to biological samples.
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- Steimer, Jean-Louis, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling the genesis and treatment of cancer : the potential role of physiologically based pharmacodynamics
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 46:1, s. 21-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physiologically based modelling of pharmacodynamics/toxicodynamics requires an a priori knowledge on the underlying mechanisms causing toxicity or causing the disease. In the context of cancer, the objective of the expert meeting was to discuss the molecular understanding of the disease, modelling approaches used so far to describe the process, preclinical models of cancer treatment and to evaluate modelling approaches developed based on improved knowledge. Molecular events in cancerogenesis can be detected using 'omics' technology, a tool applied in experimental carcinogenesis, but also for diagnostics and prognosis. The molecular understanding forms the basis for new drugs, for example targeting protein kinases specifically expressed in cancer. At present, empirical preclinical models of tumour growth are in great use as the development of physiological models is cost and resource intensive. Although a major challenge in PKPD modelling in oncology patients is the complexity of the system, based in part on preclinical models, successful models have been constructed describing the mechanism of action and providing a tool to establish levels of biomarker associated with efficacy and assisting in defining biologically effective dose range selection for first dose in man. To follow the concentration in the tumour compartment enables to link kinetics and dynamics. in order to obtain a reliable model of tumour growth dynamics and drug effects, specific aspects of the modelling of the concentration-effect relationship in cancer treatment that need to be accounted for include: the physiological/circadian rhythms of the cell cycle; the treatment with combinations and the need to optimally choose appropriate combinations of the multiple agents to study; and the schedule dependence of the response in the clinical situation.
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| 14. |
- Vogel, L., et al.
(författare)
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Early in-flight detection of SO2 via Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy: a feasible aviation safety measure to prevent potential encounters with volcanic plumes
- 2011
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1867-1381 .- 1867-8548. ; 4:9, s. 1785-1804
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Volcanic ash constitutes a risk to aviation, mainly due to its ability to cause jet engines to fail. Other risks include the possibility of abrasion of windshields and potentially serious damage to avionic systems. These hazards have been widely recognized since the early 1980s, when volcanic ash provoked several incidents of engine failure in commercial aircraft. In addition to volcanic ash, volcanic gases also pose a threat. Prolonged and/or cumulative exposure to sulphur dioxide (SO(2)) or sulphuric acid (H(2)SO(4)) aerosols potentially affects e. g. windows, air frame and may cause permanent damage to engines. SO(2) receives most attention among the gas species commonly found in volcanic plumes because its presence above the lower troposphere is a clear proxy for a volcanic cloud and indicates that fine ash could also be present. Up to now, remote sensing of SO(2) via Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) in the ultraviolet spectral region has been used to measure volcanic clouds from ground based, airborne and satellite platforms. Attention has been given to volcanic emission strength, chemistry inside volcanic clouds and measurement procedures were adapted accordingly. Here we present a set of experimental and model results, highlighting the feasibility of DOAS to be used as an airborne early detection system of SO(2) in two spatial dimensions. In order to prove our new concept, simultaneous airborne and ground-based measurements of the plume of Popocatepetl volcano, Mexico, were conducted in April 2010. The plume extended at an altitude around 5250 m above sea level and was approached and traversed at the same altitude with several forward looking DOAS systems aboard an airplane. These DOAS systems measured SO(2) in the flight direction and at +/- 40 mrad (2.3 degrees) angles relative to it in both, horizontal and vertical directions. The approaches started at up to 25 km distance to the plume and SO(2) was measured at all times well above the detection limit. In combination with radiative transfer studies, this study indicates that an extended volcanic cloud with a concentration of 10(12) molecules cm(-3) at typical flight levels of 10 km can be detected unambiguously at distances of up to 80 km away. This range provides enough time (approx. 5 min) for pilots to take action to avoid entering a volcanic cloud in the flight path, suggesting that this technique can be used as an effective aid to prevent dangerous aircraft encounters with potentially ash rich volcanic clouds.
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