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- Khosravani, Nina, et al.
(author)
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Local treatment of dry mouth by the cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine
- 2008
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In: 8th European Symposium on Saliva, Eeegmond oon Zee, Netherlands,14-17 june 2008.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The feeling of mouth moistness is associated with the continuous secretion of mucin from submucosal minor glands, rather than with deficits in the watery saliva intermittently secreted from the major glands (Sreebny & Broich, 1988). Animal studies show physostigmine, applied on the oral mucosa, to enhance the cholinergic tone in the submucosal mucin-producing glands underlying the physostigmine-exposed mucosa (Ekström & Helander, 2002). Topical application of physostigmine, aiming at stimulating minor glands while at the same time minimising systemic cholinergic effects, would therefore be an advantageous approach to the treatment of mouth dryness. Presently, twenty subjects suffering from dry mouth participated, in a crossover double blind, randomized study. Physostigmine was applied onto the inside of the lips, at different doses (0.9 mg, 1.8 mg, 3.6 mg and 7.2 mg), while the vehicle served as placebo; the solution (300 ul) was distributed with the tongue. As significantly marked relief of the dry-mouth-feeling (score reduction by 25). Placebo, caused just a transient, initial, decrease in scores (by 7). Since doses above 1.8 mg were assiciated with signs of systemic effects, predominantly gastrointestinal discomfort, the dose 1.8 mg was used for objective assessment of secretion in those subjects previously tested. The volumes of saliva collected after physostigmine were significantly larger than those after placebo; the mean AUC-value (above baseline) over 180 min was almost 5 times that of placebo. Thus, physostigmine locally applied seems promising in the treatment of dry mouth.
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| 2. |
- Khosravani, Nina, et al.
(author)
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The peptidergic innervation of the rat parotid gland: effects of section of the auriculo-temporal nerve and/or of otic ganglionectomy.
- 2008
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In: Archives of oral biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-9969. ; 53:3, s. 238-42
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The origin/pathways of peptidergic nerves contributing to the parotid gland contents of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were investigated by performing surgery on one side of the rat. Comparisons (based on total amount of peptide) were made between the gland on the operated side and the contralateral gland 7 days postoperatively. Otic ganglionectomy showed that almost all of the parotid gland contents of VIP (98%) and substance P (98%) were due to the otic connection, while this was true for only a minor portion (32%) of the CGRP-gland content. Section of the auriculo-temporal nerve showed that almost all of the VIP- and substance P-containing nerve fibres reached the parotid gland via this nerve, as judged by a reduction in the VIP-content by 88% and in the substance P-content by 93%, while the CGRP-content was only reduced by 37%. Section of the auriculo-temporal nerve combined with otic ganglionectomy did not reduce the gland contents of CGRP and substance P further than just otic ganglionectomy. Thus, the auriculo-temporal nerve is not likely to innervate the parotid gland with CGRP- and/or substance P-containing nerve fibres from the trigeminal ganglion.
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