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- Kiessling, Anders
(författare)
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Anaesthesia of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) - Effect of pre-anaesthetic sedation, and importance of body weight, temperature and stress
- 2009
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Ingår i: Aquaculture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0044-8486 .- 1873-5622. ; 295, s. 52-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The efficacy of the anaesthetic agents benzocaine, metacaine (MS-222). metomidate and 2-phenoxyethanol was studied in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) with average body weights of 10 4 g. 99 33 g and 1022 274 g at water temperatures of 8 degrees C and 16 degrees C. The agents were tested individually and as combination anaesthesia comprising pre-anaesthetic sedation with a low dosage of metomidate or 2-phenoxyethanol followed by anaesthesia with benzocaine or MS-222. All agents were administered through bath immersion with an exposure time of 5 min. The different treatments resulted in average induction and recovery times ranging from 52 +/- 6 s to 182 +/- 16 s and 77 +/- 26 s to 659 +/- 46 s respectively. Induction and recovery times varied in relation to water temperature and were generally shorter at 16 degrees C for all weight groups and treatments compared to 8 degrees C. For benzocaine and MS-222 induction and recovery times were found to increase with increasing body weight. For metomidate the recovery time increased with increasing weight whereas there were no weight related differences in induction time. No differences in either induction or recovery times associated to body weight were found for 2-phenoxyethanol. Acute stress prior to anaesthesia with MS-222 resulted in significantly shorter induction time and prolonged recovery time, as well as deeper anaesthetised fish. The dosage of MS-222 had to be reduced in order to avoid mortality in fish subjected to acute stress. Combination anaesthesia allowed a reduction of the dosages used for inducing anaesthesia and produced markedly reduced recovery times compared to agents administered individually. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Kiessling, Anders
(författare)
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Pharmacokinetics, plasma cortisol and effectiveness of benzocaine, MS-222 and isoeugenol measured in individual dorsal aorta-cannulated Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) following bath administration
- 2009
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Ingår i: Aquaculture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0044-8486 .- 1873-5622. ; 286, s. 301-308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study reports data on plasma clearance kinetics of anaesthetics concomitant with physiological stress responses in dorsal aorta (DA) cannulated Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) both with and without influence of artificial gill ventilation during recovery from anaesthesia. For MS-222 the plasma data were best described by a one-compartment open model and first-order elimination, whereas a two-compartment open model and first-order elimination best described the plasma data for benzocaine and isoeugenol. The compartment analysis was not affected by ventilation. Distribution volumes from 1.91 l kg(-1) (isoeugenol) to 3.98 (MS-222) and 5.12 l kg(-1) (benzocaine) showed a moderate to large distribution of the drugs from plasma to tissues. MS-222 was eliminated most rapidly, with an elimination half-life of 1.7 min, while elimination half-lives of 18.7 and 25 min were calculated for benzocaine and isoeugenol, respectively. Ventilation following exposure increased the elimination rate. Anaesthetics were administered in two steps with an initial 10 min of sedation by a low dosage (1 x 10(-1) of full dosage) before moving the fish to a full strength anaesthesia bath. All anaesthetics used caused a marked increase in plasma cortisol, apparent already at the end of the exposure. Marked differences were noted between anaesthetics, with time to regain consciousness and responsiveness to external stimuli paralleling the plasma clearance of the anaesthetic. Recovery from anaesthesia was accompanied by higher respiration frequency. Recovery was always faster when the fish was given artificial gill ventilation. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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