| 1. |
- Eriksson, Daniel, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Damage to Carton Board Packages Subjected to Concentrated Loads
- 2014
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Ingår i: Responsible Packaging for A Global Market. - Melbourne : Victoria University. - 9781862726994 ; , s. 172-182
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Carton board packages subjected to concentrated loads near the edges are damaged in a characteristic way. This paper reports an attempt to simulate the damage process in the lab and Package Collapse Loads measured for this load case.Packages were compressed by a concentrated load. The position of load application was varied along a line parallel to a crease and the package was rotated in order to test the influence of the height of the load carrying panel. Force and displacement were recorded and the damage evolution during the test was studied. The damage produced was examined using x-ray tomography. The nature of damage at different stages of damage evolution was studied.Both the visual appearance of the damage and the force-displacement curve were similar in all tests. The Package Collapse Load has little dependence on where along a line parallel to a crease of the package the point load is applied. Damage started developing at the crease and a yield line perpendicular to the crease and parallel to the direction of the load developed. When the displacement increased further, a parabolic yield line, symmetric around the previous one, developed. The start of the damage development was associated with at peak in the force-displacement curve. Stiffness was more geometry dependent than strength. On macro scale, the visual appearance of the damage due to concentrated loads shows no significant dependence on geometry.
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| 2. |
- Hallbäck, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Finite Element Analysis of Hot Melt Adhesive Joints in Carton Board
- 2014
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Ingår i: Packaging technology & science. - : Wiley. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 27:9, s. 701-712
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanical behaviour of adhesive joints is critical for the performance of adhesively joined carton board packages. In this work, finite element analyses of hot melt adhesive (HMA) joints in carton board is conducted and compared to experimental results obtained using a Y-peel testing device. The aim of the present study is to analyse the behaviour of adhesive joints tested in the Y-peel testing device using a layered carton board model. The carton board is modelled as a layered structure where the layers are assumed to obey Hill's orthotropic elastic-plastic model, and the interfaces are modelled using a softening orthotropic damage model. The HMA is modelled as isotropic linear elastic, and the influence from a varying elastic modulus of the HMA is explored. It is found that the pre-peak behaviour of the Y-peel force-elongation curves is reasonably well captured by the FE simulations, although the initial stiffness is somewhat too high. Also, the pre-peak behaviour is practically insensitive to changes of the elastic modulus of the HMA. The deformation and delamination pattern obtained in the simulations was compared with microscope pictures taken during the corresponding Y-peel experiments, and it is shown that they conform to the observed behaviour during Y-peel testing at comparable loading levels. However, the delamination opening is somewhat underestimated by the model.
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| 3. |
- Korin, Christer, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Analytical prediction of package collapse loads : consideration to windows in the package
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal, ISSN. - 0283-2631. ; 29:4, s. 717-724
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Windows in a package is a common way to promote the product. The possibility to predict the collapse load for these types of cartonboard packages is considered. It is shown that reliable estimates of the collapse loads can be obtained by a very simple approach. This approach is a straightforward generalization of the proposal by Ristinmaa et al. (2012): for a side that contains a window, one simply removes the strip of the package side in the loading direction that contains the window. The calculation procedure is described in detail. As a test of the calculation procedure, comparisons are made with experimentally obtained collapse loads for packages containing windows with different sizes and locations.
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| 4. |
- Korin, Christer, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of surface treatments on the mechanical strength of hotmelt adhesive joints made of cartonboards
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology. - 0169-4243 .- 1568-5616. ; 26:20-21, s. 2339-2356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of surface treatments including pigment coating, surface sizing and calendering on the mechanical strength of hotmelt adhesive joints in pilot made cartonboards was studied. The mechanical strength of the joints was investigated using the Y-peel test device at 23 degrees C and 50% relative humidity. Some of the samples were investigated with respect to the failure mode by scanning electron microscopy. The surfaces were characterized in terms of surface roughness, surface chemical composition, and adhesion behaviour. A strong adhesive bond displayed fibre tear. In addition to fibre tear, interfacial failure, i.e., failure between the cartonboard and the adhesive, was the main reason for fracture in the bonded assembly. The most important factor controlling the integrity of adhesive joints seemed to be the real contact area. The adhesive joints showed significantly higher strength when the hotmelt adhesive was first applied onto the rougher cartonboard of the assembly and then the smoother cartonboard was pressed on the adhesive than vice versa. The surface roughness of cartonboards mainly depended on whether the surface was pigment coated or not. Calendering displayed only a minor effect. No clear influence of surface chemical composition of the cartonboards on the adhesive joint strength was found due to the fact that changes in surface chemistry in this study also led to changes in surface roughness. The strongest adhesive joint was created between two medium-rough and surface-sized cartonboards.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Ristinmaa, Matti, et al.
(författare)
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Analytical Prediction of Package Collapse Loads : Basic considerations
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 27:4, s. 806-813
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Calculation of Box Compression Resistance (BCR) is a challenging task and here the possibility of an engineering approach is considered. The strive has been towards obtaining a simple and general predictive tool with as few parameters as possible and still obtaining an accurate estimate of the BCR. The model proposed is based on the concept of dividing the package into panels and corner panels. With these remarkably few structural elements it is possible to obtain simple explicit formulas where the only material parameters are given by standard tests in terms of short span compression test and bending resistance. The BCR for different packages is then obtained by a simply summation of the load from the panels and corner panels. A validation against experimental data indicates that, despite its remarkably simplicity, the predictions are very accurate for a wide range of package types, package dimensions, board qualities and loading directions.
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