| 1. |
- Kramers, Anna
(författare)
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Advanced multimodal traveller information system for reduced energy and GHG emissions
- 2012
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Ingår i: Road Transport Information and Control (RTIC 2012), IET and ITS Conference on. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology. - 9781849196741 ; , s. 1-6
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper a systematic investigation of functionality in nine existing multimodal Advanced Traveller Information Systems (ATIS), primarily from Sweden, Germany, the UK, and the US was made in order to identify opportunities to enable the next generation of ATIS to contribute to lower energy usage and GHG emissions. Based on the investigation there is a discussion on possible future functionalities in ATIS that can support the traveller to choose travel modes that could lead to lower energy usage and GHG emissions.
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| 2. |
- Kramers, Anna, 1961-
(författare)
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Contribution of ICT to Climate Targets of Cities : Exploring the potential of Information and Communication Technologies in reducing emissions and energy use from buildings and travel
- 2012
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis examines how ICT solutions can assist in lowering energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from buildings and travel in order to help cities meet their climate targets. It also provides an overview of relevant research intended to furnish new knowledge about the issues involved and to find solutions to social problems.The first part of the thesis provides an analysis and compilation of critical system boundaries that need to be used for cities to set targets for energy use and GHG emissions. The climate targets of cities are dependent on setting system boundaries and establishing methods of calculations for monitoring whether the targets have been achieved. Today, there is no official standard for how the system boundaries must be set or what calculation methodologies to apply to evaluate the climate targets. Four main categories of system boundaries were identified: the temporal scope, the object of target setting, the unit of target setting, and the target range (e.g. consumer-producer and lifecycle perspective). Eight European cities were examined in relation to how they set climate targets. The examination showed that awareness of what is included in the targets is limited and that there is a need for standardised and consistent protocols and methods of setting climate targets for cities.In the second part of the thesis, leading Advanced Traveller Information Systems (ATIS) and their functionalities were investigated. The relationship between individual decisions on different travel modes and functionalities of ATIS was investigated through a systematic investigation of the functionality of nine ATIS, mainly from Sweden, Germany, UK and USA. This allowed decisions that could lead to lower energy use and emissions of GHG to be identified. It also resulted in a proposal on requirements for new and improved functionality that could support a reduction in energy use and GHG emissions and a shift to renewable energy sources if implemented in next-generation ATIS.In the third part of the thesis, ICT applications that can be used to reduce energy use and GHG emissions of buildings within the already built environment were identified. In addition, a brief analysis was made of how different actors such as the tenant, the building owner and the energy provider can reduce energy usage in buildings by means of ICT solutions.
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| 3. |
- Kramers, Anna
(författare)
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Designing next generation multimodal traveler information systems to support sustainability-oriented decisions
- 2014
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Ingår i: Environmental Modelling & Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-8152 .- 1873-6726. ; 56, s. 83-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores functionality that could be included in the next generation multimodal travel information system to support sustainability-oriented decisions. It identifies situations in the journey's three phases, pre-, on- and post-trip that have the potential to change travel patterns and also transport choices that the individual makes in order to perform activities in their daily life. Requirements on a traveler information system were derived from these situations and choices. The identified requirements are then transferred into functionalities in a travel information system that has potentials to encourage decisions that could lead to lower energy usage. Nine traveler information systems for multimodal and public transport travel are systematically investigated to find out if they include the proposed functionality. The investigated systems are in operation primarily in Sweden, Germany, the UK and one has global coverage. The investigation results in a discussion about future opportunities with proposal to encourage sustainability oriented travel decisions in the next generation travel information system.
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| 4. |
- Kramers, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Flexibla arbetsplatsers betydelse för hållbar utveckling i storstadsregioner
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport presenterar en intervjuundersökning som genomförts under våren 2013. Syftet med studien var att undersöka drivkrafter och barriärer för att etablera flexibla arbetsplatser i förorter.Genom flexibla arbetsplatser går det att uppnå miljövinster i form av minskat energiutnyttjande genom minskat resande och bättre utnyttjande av uppvärmda ytor. Studien undersöker ocksåmöjligheten att presentera flexibla arbetsplatser i en reseplanerare som ett alternativ till att pendla till arbetet.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Kramers, Anna
(författare)
-
ICT Applications to Lower Energy Usage in the Already Built Environment
- 2013
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Ingår i: Sustainability in Energy and Buildings. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642366444 ; , s. 127-135
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- ICT could play a role as a key enabler for decreasing energy usage in buildings. This study identifies, list and describe ICT applications that can reduce energy use in buildings without the need for refurbishment or extensive change. For each area of application, there is a study from the actor perspective to understand who can make use of the different ICT applications to influence energy usage.
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| 7. |
- Kramers, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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ICT for Sustainable Cities : How ICT can support an environmentally sustainable development in cities
- 2013
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Ingår i: ICT4S 2013. - Zürich. ; , s. 183-189
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we focus on the opportunities to use ICT to help cities reach their environmental targets and specifically how ICT can support reduction of energy use. We have developed an analytical framework to be able to identify ICT solutions opportunities that can support cities to decrease the energy use that origin from the inhabitants’ consumption in order to reach climate targets. We use a consumption perspective on energy and allocate all energy to the final consumers that are the individuals living in the city. The analytical framework can be used by city administrations and ICT solution companies for identification and mapping of ICT applications and solutions with opportunities for sustainable development in cities.
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| 8. |
- Kramers, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Planning for smart sustainable cities : Decisions in the planning process and actor networks
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have been ascribed an important role for decreasing energy use and mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in urban areas. Through automation, dematerialisation, persuasion and soft transformation ICT holds the potential of making urban life more sustainable, without cutting back in quality of life. To fully utilise the potential of ICT for sustainable cities there is a need to reconsider the design and technical specification of buildings and infrastructure systems, as well as what actors to involve in the planning and management of the city. A ubiquitous introduction of ICT for sustainability may also influence the spatial and institutional organisation of the city. In spite of this, there is little research on ICT for sustainable cities from the perspective of planning and governance. This paper aims to abate parts of this knowledge gap through exploring two aspects of planning that we see as crucial for a successful implementation of ICT for sustainable cities. The first of these aspects concerns when in the planning process decisions regarding ICT need to be taken. The second aspect deals with what actor networks are needed to implement the ICT solutions and how these can be managed, or meta-governed. These aspects are explored through literature studies, workshops and interviews with urban planners and other actors engaged in the Royal Seaport project in Stockholm, Sweden.
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| 9. |
- Kramers, Anna, 1961-
(författare)
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Smart Cities and Climate Targets : Reducing cities' energy use with ICT and travel information
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis examines use of ICT in helping to reduce energy use in cities, thereby contributing to sustainable development and achievement of cities’ climate targets. It explores how targets can be developed in a consistent and transparent way, how to identify the main ICT ‘hotspots’ as regards reducing citizens’ energy use and how they can be included in city planning. Implementation of mobility management principles and climate targets was tested in two existing solutions, a traveller information system and a flexible work hub solution.Four key methodological considerations when setting climate targets for cities were identified. These concerned decisions on: target setting object, temporal scope, units and target range. A tool was developed for identifying promising ICT hotspots. The tool can also be used to monitor implementation of ICT solutions and the associated technological and socio-technical difficulties. In a case study in Greater Stockholm, the ICT hotspots identified were intelligent building heating systems, intelligent transport system and potential transformation of the physical environment (buildings and roads) enabled by ICT solutions.Two aspects of planning identified as crucial for successful implementation of energy saving ICT solutions were studied in detail: i) Timing of ICT-related decisions in the planning process; and ii) the actor networks needed to implement the ICT solutions and their management. There are few decision points in the current planning process, so the municipality as property owner and its decision-making process are of crucial importance. Two collaborative approaches to govern, network governance and coordination through meta-governance as a way of indirect steering, are proposed.An investigation of nine traveller information systems and a case study in Stockholm of flexible work hub solutions revealed that mobility management approaches to reduce transport demand and encourage environmentally friendly transport modes are poorly reflected in the implementation. To support mobility management approaches, traveller information systems should primarily offer, or be integrated with, other solutions that support the choices “no travel” and “shorter journey”. Flexible work hubs should be located in local nodes closer to people’s homes.The main conclusions from this work were that ICT solutions can be modified to support achievement of cities’ climate targets and that climate targets must be defined using transparent methodology that clarifies the target content, ensuring that the most promising energy saving ICT solutions are implemented.
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| 10. |
- Kramers, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Smart sustainable cities - Exploring ICT solutions for reduced energy use in cities
- 2014
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Ingår i: Environmental Modelling & Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-8152 .- 1873-6726. ; 56, s. 52-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores the opportunities of using ICT as an enabling technology to reduce energy use in cities. An analytical framework is developed in which a typology of ICT opportunities is combined with a typology of household functions, i.e. all the activities that require energy. The energy used for household functions is calculated using a consumption-based lifecycle perspective. The analytical framework is intended to be of use to researchers, city and regional authorities and ICT companies interested in acquiring a better understanding of how ICT investments could contribute to reduce energy use in cities.
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| 11. |
- Kramers, Anna, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a comprehensive system of methodological considerations for cities' climate targets
- 2013
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 62, s. 1276-1287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate targets for cities abound. However, what these targets really imply is dependent on a number of decisions regarding system boundaries and methods of calculation. In order to understand and compare cities' climate targets, there is a need for a generic and comprehensive framework of key methodological considerations. This paper identifies eight key methodological considerations for the different choices that can be made when setting targets for GHG emissions in a city and arranges them in four categories: temporal scope of target, object for target setting, unit of target, and range of target. To explore how target setting is carried out in practice, the climate targets of eight European cities were analysed. The results showed that these targets cover only a limited part of what could be included. Moreover, the cities showed quite limited awareness of what is, or could be, include in the targets. This makes comparison and benchmarking between cities difficult.
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