| 1. |
- Bieser, Jan C. T., et al.
(författare)
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Impacts of telecommuting on time use and travel : A case study of a neighborhood telecommuting center in Stockholm
- 2021
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Ingår i: Travel Behaviour & Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-367X .- 2214-3688. ; 23, s. 157-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While telecommuting (TC) research heavily discusses travel impacts of home-based TC, little is known about impacts of working from a neighborhood TC center on travel and non-travel activities and their energy requirements. We conduct a case study on the impacts of the work location (employer's office, TC center, home) on time use and travel using data collected in a neighborhood TC center in Stockholm. Our results show that telecommuters more frequently replaced working from the TC center for working from the more distant employer's office than for working from home. On TC center and home office days, diarists spent less time traveling, and on home office days more time on chores and leisure than on employer office days. When working from the TC center instead of the employer's office, telecommuters frequently used the same or more energy-efficient commute modes, e.g. biking instead of the car, which was feasible because the TC center is in the local neighborhood. However, when working from home, diarists mainly used the car for private travel. Thus, energy savings of TC can be increased by providing energy-efficient transport options or local access to non-work destinations to telecommuters. TC energy impacts depend also on changes to energy requirements for nontravel activities, for space heating/cooling/lighting at all work locations, and systemic TC effects (e.g. residential relocation), which can only be observed in the long term. Thus, future TC assessments should take an even broader perspective in terms of travel and non-travel activities, their energy requirements, and systemic effects.
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| 2. |
- Bieser, Jan C. T., et al.
(författare)
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Toward a method for assessing the energy impacts of telecommuting based on time-use data
- 2022
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Ingår i: Travel Behaviour & Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-367X .- 2214-3688. ; 27, s. 107-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most telecommuting (TC) studies focus on travel impacts and do not consider changes in time spent on non-travel activities (e.g. 'leisure') and the energy impacts of these changes. We demonstrate a time-use approach to assess interrelations between changes in commuting time and time spent on travel and non-travel activities and associated energy impacts. Time-use data analysis shows that spending less time on commuting is associated with more time spent on 'sleep', 'leisure', 'personal, household and family care', 'private travel' and 'eating and drinking'. Substituting car commuting with 'sleep', 'eating and drinking', common 'leisure' and 'personal, household and family care' activities is likely to reduce energy requirements as these are associated with less energy requirements than car commuting. This is different for 'private travel', 'meal preparation at home', and energy-intensive or out-of-home 'leisure' activities, which are associated with relatively high energy requirements. The commute modal split is a key variable in energy impacts of TC, because transport modes differ in their energy requirements. While car commuters can realize high energy savings through TC, for people who usually bike or walk to work, direct energy savings through reduced commuting are zero. Thus, any additional energy impact due to substitute activities, increases net direct energy requirements. Future research should further investigate the relationship between TC and time spent on (non-)travel activities and the marginal energy requirements of these activities. If so, the time-use approach can become key for assessing energy impacts of TC and other applications which impact individual time allocation.
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| 3. |
- Kriukelyte, Erika, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Actualizing sustainable transport : the interplay between public policy instruments and shared mobility providers' business models
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Transport Research Review. - : Springer Nature. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cities around the world are trying to understand if and how to regulate urban mobility in a way that stimulates innovation and supports business while also promoting public values and accelerating a sustainability transition. Service providers are also attempting to understand how to grow and thrive as a business as they challenge existing urban mobility structures and practices via new mobility services, new uses of public space, etc. Thus, this article seeks to understand the interplay between business models and public policies and, ultimately, the implications policy instruments have on shaping conditions for sustainable urban mobility. To address these questions, a qualitative approach is utilized, comprising case studies of two 'new mobility' service providers (Bolt and Tier) operating in three Northern European cities (Oslo, Stockholm, and Berlin) including interviews with these companies and local public actors. Findings show that the business models are influenced by legitimization on the national level, the local authorities' and service providers' approaches, and policy instruments related to the right to operate, including caps, geographic coverage, parking, geofencing, and data sharing. Utilizing business models and multi-level perspectives, the findings are discussed in relation to actualizing sustainable transport, e.g. interdependencies, goal alignment, and temporal and spatial considerations. The authors emphasize the importance of learning by doing, policy mixes (versus instruments), and purpose-driven collaboration among stakeholders.
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| 4. |
- Ringenson, Tina, 1988-
(författare)
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Mobilising digitalisation to serve environmental goals
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Human development is currently leading to destruction of the stability of the earth system upon which we depend for our survival. In other words, it is unsustainable. At the same time, urbanisation and digitalisation are progressing at a rapid pace. Digital technologies have a potential to decrease environmental impact from cities and urban lifestyles. Transport and mobility is an important part of urban life, and it has been suggested that digital technology can improve urban transport performance in both accessibility and sustainability. Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is a relatively new concept for provision of mobility services through a digital platform, sometimes together with digital accessibility services that lower the need to travel (Accessibility as a Service – AaaS). It has been suggested that MaaS could offer a real alternative to the privately owned car and lead to more sustainable mobility. However, its real effects in practice are still not well known.This thesis aims to create knowledge to guide public and private actors in developing digital technologies and using digitalisation to support environmental goals, especially regarding urban mobility. The results are structured around three parts. The first part explores strategies and digital services for municipalities that want to use digital technology to support environmental goals. The second part presents requirements for MaaS and AaaS to support environmental goals for urban mobility. To do so, they should reduce travelling overall and reduce environmental impact per kilometre travelled through enabling better modes of transport and lower vehicle emissions. It also suggests that a functional physical infrastructure for public transport and bicycling is important if MaaS are to support environmental goals. The third part identifies important knowledge gaps to explore, if digital services are to support environmental goals. The relationship between digital services, urban form, and sustainability implications is brought up as an important subject for future research, as well as how to ensure that MaaS fulfil the previously identified requirements.Finally, I discuss how to ensure that digital services and MaaS serve environmental goals. There are sometimes grave uncertainties regarding the real effects of various services. Although this makes future effects difficult to predict, it also suggests that investments need to be done strategically, and that data of effects need to be carefully collected and evaluated. Public and private actors both have responsibilities to ensure that digital services fulfil environmental goals. However, it is important not to only look at how to solve specific problems today. To support urban sustainability, we need to think about what kinds of cities we want. We do not have to focus digital services on streamlined, seamless and instant access to things no matter where they are. They can also support urban lifestyles of less focus on physical ownership and daily travelling, and more on positive experiences of sustainable modes of travel and of the local community.
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| 5. |
- Ringenson, Tina, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Mobility as a Service and the Avoid-Shift-Improve Approach
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advances And New Trends In Environmental Informatics. - Cham : Springer Nature. ; , s. 217-234
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last few years, "Mobility as a Service" (MaaS) has been conceptualized and researched as a platform for integrated, mixed-mode mobility. While some hope it will lead to environmental benefits, its real effects are still unclear. Here, we explore how MaaS is related to, and can be combined with, the established "Avoid-Shift-Improve" transport planning approach (ASI). We see that the MaaS concept described in research does not support "Avoid"-ing unnecessary transport. We combine learnings from MaaS research with learnings from a living lab, where mobility services can be booked in combination with a local co-working hub for commuters. In both literature and living lab, we especially examine the role of public authorities for ASI inMaaS. We conclude that more research is needed on howMaaS can be guided by ASI, and suggest that non-travel accessibility services, such as coworking hubs, could be part of the MaaS concept to support "Avoid"-ing unnecessary transport. Furthermore, we suggest that urban form needs to be considered in MaaS research. We also see that public authorities have an important role to play in ensuring that MaaS serves ASI and sustainable mobility.
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| 6. |
- Sjöman, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring everyday mobility in a living lab based on economic interventions
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Transport Research Review. - : SPRINGEROPEN. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New mobility solutions, such as Mobility as a Service, have been suggested to have the potential to reduce car ownership and be part of a transition towards a more sustainable transportation system. However, research suggests that governance measures such as taxation and policies will be needed to ensure sustainability aspects. This paper explores everyday mobility by use of interventions in people's everyday lives. The focus is on identifying underlying factors that may motivate or hinder changes that are positive from a sustainability perspective. This is then put in the perspective of new mobility services and policy making. Our findings support the view that privately owned cars are hard to replace with new mobility services that contribute to sustainability and are not based on individual cars. Economic interventions for increased sustainability will likely have limited effects, since the alternatives do not offer what car owners value most. Also, limited understanding of the car's full costs may make the new services appear comparatively more expensive. Furthermore, urban planning to reduce the need for travel, and the capacity of the physical public transport infrastructure will continue to be important. Long vacation trips and "medium sized flows" are identified as opportunities for further research and for new solutions to support sustainable mobility transitions.
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| 7. |
- Vaddadi, Bhavana, Ph.D. Student, et al.
(författare)
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Do they work? : Exploring possible potentials of neighbourhood Telecommuting centres in supporting sustainable travel
- 2022
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Ingår i: Travel Behaviour & Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-367X .- 2214-3688. ; 29, s. 34-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digitally enabled neighbourhood telecommuting centres (NTCs) in residential areas may have the potential to reduce the environmental burdens of transport by shortening work trips and enabling modal shifts. This paper presents the results of a Living Lab where 67 participants were given access to an NTC. Through this Living Lab, this study identifies several conditions required for an NTC to substantially reduce commuting and overall have a positive impact on sustainable travel. The results indicate that while a small group of participants who lived very close to the NTC made significant lifestyle changes and adopted more sustainable travel practices, the overall changes in the sustainability aspects of travel for most participants were minimal. The majority of the participants merely exchanged a day spent working from home for a day at the NTC, as they were only allowed to be absent from the employer’s office one day per week. Further, some participants found it difficult to work remotely due to organisational roles and workplace norms. Another factor that limited the sustainability effect of the NTC was that most participants normally commuted by train, but in a few cases travelled to the NTC by car. With the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic, most participants were required to work exclusively from home, which proved to have both positive and negative effects on the participants’ everyday lives and well-being. The participants reported a radical shift in attitudes towards remote working during this period, which they believed could lead to remote working becoming more common after the pandemic. In this case, NTCs could possibly play an important role in enabling this shift, by remedying some of the identified drawbacks of working from home. This could in turn enable a larger reduction in commuting. In areas where more people commute by car, sustainability effects would likely be greater.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Vaddadi, Bhavana, Ph.D. Student, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a conceptual framework of direct and indirect environmental effects of co-working
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on ICT for Sustainability - ICT4S2020. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ; , s. 27-35
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Through virtual presence, information and communication technology (ICT) allows employees to work from places other than their employer’s office and reduce commuting- related environmental effects (telecommuting). Co-working, as a form of telecommuting, has the potential to significantly reduce commuting and is not associated with deficits of working from home (e.g. isolation, lack of focus). However, environmental burden might increase through co-working due to the infrastructure required to set-up and operate the co-working space and potential rebound effects. In this paper, we (1) develop a framework of direct and indirect environmental effects of co- working based on a well-known conceptual framework of environmental effects of ICT and, (2) apply the framework to investigate the case of a co-working living lab established in Stockholm. Based on actual data of the co-working space and interviews conducted with participants, we roughly estimate associated energy impacts. Results show that energy requirements associated with operating the co-working space can counterbalance commute-related energy savings. Thus, in order to realize energy savings co-working should be accompanied with additional energy saving measures such as a net reduction of (heated) floor space (at the CW space, at the employer's office and the co-workers home) and use of energy-efficient transport modes.
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