| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Carlsson, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
-
Socio-demographic and psychosocial characteristics of male and female perpetrators in intimate partner homicide : A case-control study from Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
- 2021
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 16:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Risk factor studies on male-perpetrated intimate partner homicide (IPH) are often compared with studies on intimate partner violence (IPV) or non-partner homicide perpetrators. This not only excludes female perpetrators, but also fails to take socio-demographic and psychosocial differences between perpetrators and the general population into consideration. The aim of this study was to examine male- and female-perpetrated IPH cases, and to compare socio-demographic factors in IPH perpetrators and in matched controls from the general population. Data were retrieved from preliminary inquiries, court records and national registers for 48 men and 10 women, who were perpetrators of IPH committed in 2000–2016 and residing in Region Västra Götaland, Sweden. The control group consisted of 480 men and 100 women matched for age, sex and residence parish. Logistic regression, yielding odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), was performed for male perpetrators and male controls to investigate associations for selected socio-demographic and psychosocial characteristics. This was not performed for females due to the small sample size. Female perpetrators were convicted of murder to a lesser extent than male perpetrators. No woman was sentenced to life imprisonment while five men were. Jealousy and separation were the most common motivational factors for male perpetration while the predominant factor for female perpetrators was subjection to IPV. Statistically significant differences were found between male perpetrators and male controls in unemployment rate (n = 47.9%/20.6%; OR 4.4; 95% CI 2.2–8.6), receiving benefits (n = 20.8%/4.8%; OR 5.2; 95% CI 2.3–11.7) and annual disposable income (n = 43.8%/23.3% low income; OR 5.2; 95% CI 1.9–14.2) one year prior to the crime. Female IPH perpetrators were less educated than female controls (≤ 9-year education 30%/12%) and were more often unemployed (70%/23%) one year before the crime. Male and female IPH perpetrators were socio-economically disadvantaged, compared with controls from the general population.
|
|
| 3. |
- Enander, Viveka, 1967, et al.
(författare)
-
Before the killing: Intimate partner homicides in a process perspective, part I
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Gender-Based Violence. - : Policy Press. - 2398-6808 .- 2398-6816. ; 5:1, s. 59-74
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper puts intimate partner homicide (IPH) into a process perspective, and describes the situational precursors that constitute the build-up, i.e. the first stage of the IPH process that precedes the deed. Fifty court files, from cases involving 40 male and 10 female perpetrators, underwent thematic analysis. Our findings indicate that the build-up phase of an IPH is complex and encompasses several different features, of which some are clearly gendered. The results point to an escalation during the build-up: of possessiveness and violent behaviour in male-to-female cases, of alcohol/drug abuse, of mental health problems and/or of fears for the future, often connected to separation. Concurrent with previous research we found that women often kill in the context of their own victimisation. However, also other situations and motives protruded as pertinent. The practical implications of these findings are that practitioners should be particularly attentive to escalation of known risk factors, especially male possessiveness, and be aware that (the victim wanting) a separation may initiate escalation with lethal consequences.
|
|
| 4. |
- Enander, Viveka, 1967, et al.
(författare)
-
Bereaved by Intimate Partner Homicide: Consequences and Experiences of Support
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Sage Open. - : Sage Publications. - 2158-2440. ; 14:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this qualitative study is to present the experiences of family members bereaved by intimate partner homicide (IPH). The focus is on immediate and long-term consequences of the killing, and on the participants' experiences of subsequently offered information and support. This includes interactions with healthcare, social services, the criminal justice system, and the media. Twenty-two interviews with parents, siblings, and adult children of IPH victims underwent thematical analysis. The bereaved mainly described the social support following the IPH as lacking or inadequate, and recounted that they had been left alone with handling practical and emotionally difficult tasks, such as cleaning up after the killing. More specifically, they felt that institutional responses had been lacking with regard to information, understanding, coordination between professionals, continuity, professionalism, and redress. These results indicate that a coordinated response to people bereaved by IPH is necessary and, if lacking, must be developed. Using thematic analysis, this interview study explores the experiences of family members who have been bereaved by intimate partner homicide. The focus is on the social support they were offered, which they found lacking or inadequate. In hindsight, they would have wanted some professional to reach out to the family and offer emotional and practical support, as well as information.
|
|
| 5. |
- Enander, Viveka, 1967, et al.
(författare)
-
The killing and thereafter : intimate partner homicides in a process perspective, part II
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Gender-Based Violence. - Bristol : Policy Press. - 2398-6808 .- 2398-6816. ; 6:3, s. 501-517
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article puts intimate partner homicide (IPH) into a process perspective, and describes the latter two stages of the IPH process, that is, ‘changing the project’ and ‘the aftermath’. The focus of analysis is on the moment when the perpetrator chooses to kill the victim, and what s/he does and says in the wake of the killing. Fifty court files, from cases involving 40 male and 10 female perpetrators, underwent thematic analysis. Regarding the final trigger pertaining to changing the project, some situational factors that trigger male-perpetrated IPH seem to differ from the corresponding factors in female-perpetrated IPH. Feelings of rejection and jealousy seemed to be more common as triggers to kill for men than for women, while some cases of female-perpetrated IPH were linked to self-defence in response to IPV. Moreover, as noted previously, no female perpetrators displayed possessiveness.
|
|
| 6. |
- Enander, Viveka, et al.
(författare)
-
The killing and thereafter : intimate partner homicides in a process perspective, part II
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Gender-Based Violence. - : Bristol University Press. - 2398-6808 .- 2398-6816. ; 6:3, s. 501-517
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article puts intimate partner homicide (IPH) into a process perspective, and describes the latter two stages of the IPH process, that is, ‘changing the project’ and ‘the aftermath’. The focus of analysis is on the moment when the perpetrator chooses to kill the victim, and what s/he does and says in the wake of the killing. Fifty court files, from cases involving 40 male and 10 female perpetrators, underwent thematic analysis. Regarding the final trigger pertaining to changing the project, some situational factors that trigger male-perpetrated IPH seem to differ from the corresponding factors in female-perpetrated IPH. Feelings of rejection and jealousy seemed to be more common as triggers to kill for men than for women, while some cases of female-perpetrated IPH were linked to self-defence in response to IPV. Moreover, as noted previously, no female perpetrators displayed possessiveness. Regarding the aftermath, after the homicide the perpetrators generally contacted someone and admitted to having killed their partners. Only a few perpetrators denied culpability and even fewer, mainly male, perpetrators concealed their crimes and denied knowledge of them. However, even in cases where the perpetrator admitted to having killed their victims, their courtroom narratives were apparently constructed to minimise resposibility. © Centre for Gender and Violence Research.
|
|
| 7. |
- Larsson, Monika, et al.
(författare)
-
Dödligt våld i nära relationer: Ett pågående projekt
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten är en sammanfattning av ett pågående forskningsprojekt som handlar om dödligt våld i nära relationer och pågår inom ramen för Västra Götalandsregionens kompetenscentrum om våld i nära relationer (VKV). Rapporten är baserad på tre publicerade forskningsartiklar om dödligt våld i nära relationer inom Västra Götalandsregionen. Fokus i rapporten är att redogöra för de fynd som forskningen hitintills kommit fram till. Studierna som presenteras inom rapporten är baserad på 59 fall av dödligt våld i nära relationer som har skett i Västra Götalandsregionen under år 2000 – 2016. I studierna används två olika analysmetoder, där en av artiklarna använder statistiska analyser för att jämföra psykosociala och sociodemografiska faktorer mellan förövare av dödligt våld i nära relationer och matchade kontroller från normalpopulationen. I de två övriga artiklarna används av tematisk analys för att observera de enskilda fallen av dödligt våld i nära relationer genom ett processperspektiv. Forskningsresultaten ger ny insikt i de faktorer som påverkar och har samband med dödligt våld i nära relationer. Resultaten ger en utökad förståelse för de situationer som förövarna befinner sig i och det dödliga våldet begås, och en ökad möjlighet att kunna identifiera riskfaktorer.
|
|
| 8. |
- Lövestad, Solveig, et al.
(författare)
-
Health care utilization, mental disorders and behavioural disorders among perpetrators of intimate partner homicide in 2000–2016 : A registry-based case-control study from Sweden
- 2024
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 19:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about intimate partner homicide (IPH) perpetrator´s healthcare contacts and mental health problems before the killing. The aim was to compare male and female IPH perpetrators with matched controls from the general population by analysing differences in healthcare utilization and mental and behavioural disorders. This study includes 48 males and 10 females who perpetrated IPH between 2000 and 2016 in the Västra Götaland Region of Sweden. Controls (n = 458) were randomly selected from the general population and matched for sex, birth year and residential area. Data were retrieved from the Swedish National Patient Register and the Western Swedish Healthcare Register. Mental and behavioural disorders were classified according to ICD-10 (F00-F99). The Mann-Whitney U test was used to test for differences in health care utilization and mental and behavioural disorders. Compared to their controls, male perpetrators had more registered contacts with primary care ≤ 30 (p = < .001) and ≤ 365 days (p = .019), respectively, before the homicide; with specialist outpatient care ≤ 30 (p = < .001) and ≤ 365 days (p = < .001), respectively, before the homicide: and with inpatient care ≤ 30 (p = < .001) and ≤ 365 days (p = .024), respectively, before the homicide. Female perpetrators had more specialized outpatient care (p = .040) and inpatient care (p = .003) contacts ≤ 365 days before the homicide, compared to controls. Male perpetrators had at least one mental or behavioral disorder diagnosed in any studied healthcare setting except in inpatient care ≤ 30 days before homicide. Female perpetrators had more mental health disorders diagnosed in specialized outpatient care ≤ 365 days before the homicide (p < .001). Perpetrators had more healthcare contacts and mental disorders one year and one month prior to the homicide compared to their controls. Health care professionals should obtain necessary skills in routinely enquiring about intimate partner violence perpetration. Copyright: © 2024 Lövestad et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
|
|
| 9. |
- Lövestad, Solveig, et al.
(författare)
-
Intimate partner violence, associations with perceived need for help and health care utilization: a population-based sample of women in Sweden
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 49:3, s. 268-276
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim:To assess the association between physical intimate partner violence (physical IPV) in the past 5 years, perceived need for help and primary health care utilization due to mental health problems in a general population-based sample of women in Sweden.Methods:We performed structured follow-up interviews with 616 women between 1995 and 2015. Associations between physical IPV in the past 5 years and (i) perceived need for help and (ii) primary health care utilization due to mental health problems, were estimated by logistic regression analyses with crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results:Of the women who had experienced physical IPV in the past 5 years, 45.1% perceived a need for help but refrained from seeking care. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, exposure to physical IPV in the past 5 years remained associated with perceived need for help (OR 3.54; CI 1.77-7.11). After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, the association between exposure to physical IPV and primary health care utilization did not remain statistically significant.Conclusions:Women exposed to physical IPV were more likely to perceive the need for help compared with unexposed women. A large proportion of IPV-exposed women in the general population may refrain from seeking care although they perceive a need for help. Future studies need to investigate potential barriers to mental health care seeking among women exposed to IPV. Routine questioning about IPV should be implemented in primary health care with improved referral to available support services.
|
|
| 10. |
- Nordenstedt, Helena, et al.
(författare)
-
Global hälsa på läkarutbildningen igår, idag och imorgon
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift. - : Stiftelsen socialmedicinsk tidskrift. - 0037-833X .- 2000-4192. ; 98:2, s. 232-243
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Undervisning i global hälsa förekommer i olika former vid samtliga läkarutbildningar i Sverige, och på vissa håll har kursmoment med fokus på internationell hälsa funnits i över trettio år. I denna artikel presenteras utvecklingenav global hälsa vid Sveriges läkarutbildningar – från dåtid till nutid och framtid. Textbidrag har inkommit från respektive lärosäte och sammanställts av Helena Nordenstedt och Hampus Holmer.
|
|
| 11. |
- Rugema, Lawrence, et al.
(författare)
-
A qualitative study of healthcare professionals' perceptions of men and women's mental healthcare seeking in Rwanda
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Community Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0090-4392 .- 1520-6629. ; 48:3, s. 891-903
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to explore health care professionals (HCP’) perceptions about mental‐health‐seeking behaviours in men and women and its social and gender implications in Rwanda. Six focus group discussions including 43 HCPs working at mental health facilities and district hospitals in Rwanda were conducted. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The emerging theme “Traditional gender role patterns and stigma are displayed in mental health care seeking, adherence to treatment and family effects ” illustrated how HCPs perceived gender differences and outcomes in mental healthcare seeking. The theme was based on three categories: “Gender differences in health care seeking patterns,” “Gender roles and stigma affect adherence to counselling and treatment, ” and “Gender roles exert an influence on family support ” and related subcategories, with which each described various aspects contributing to the result. According to HCPs who regularly encountered people with mental health problems, neither men nor women with mental health problems could adequately benefit from the available mental health services because of the strong influence stigma and prevailing traditional gender roles had on men's and women's mental‐healthcare‐seeking behaviour. There is an urgent need for comprehensive societal interventions involving policy makers, HCPs, and the general population to diminish the stigma tied to mental illness and the traditional gender norms that negatively influence healthcare‐seeking patterns; such actions can improve the health of many citizens.
|
|
| 12. |
- Utumatwishima, Jean Nepo, 1982, et al.
(författare)
-
How do household living conditions and gender-related decision-making influence child stunting in Rwanda? : A population-based study
- 2024
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 19:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Child stunting (chronic undernutrition) is a major public health concern in low- and middle-income countries. In Rwanda, an estimated 33% of children are affected. This study investigated the household living conditions and the impact of gender-related decision-making on child stunting. The findings contribute to ongoing discussion on this critical public health issue. In December 2021, a population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Rwanda's Northern Province; 601 women with children aged 1-36 months were included. Stunting was assessed using low height-for-age criteria. The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) was used to determine household socioeconomic status. Researcher-designed questionnaires evaluated gender-related factors such as social support and household decision-making. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified risk factor patterns. Six hundred and one children were included in the study; 27.1% (n = 163) were diagnosed as stunted; there was a higher prevalence of stunting in boys (60.1%) than girls (39.9%; p<0.001). The MPI was 0.265 with no significant difference between households with stunted children (MPI, 0.263; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.216-0.310) and non-stunted children (MPI, 0.265; 95% CI, 0.237-0.293). Most households reported a lack of adequate housing (78.9%), electricity (63.0%), good water sources (58.7%), and proper toilets (57.1%). Male-headed households dominated (92% vs. 8.0%; p = 0.018), and women often shared decision-making with their partners. However, 26.4% of women reported forced sexual intercourse within marriage (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.81; 95% CI, 1.15-2.85). Lack of support during illness ([OR], 1.93; 95% CI, 1.13-3.28) and absence of personal guidance (OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.41-4.26) were significantly associated with child stunting. Poverty contributes to child stunting in the Northern Province of Rwanda. Limited social support and women's lack of decision-making power in the household increase stunting rates. Interventions should empower women and address the broader social and economic context to promote both women's and children's health.
|
|
