| 1. |
- Kugler, T., et al.
(författare)
-
Are groups more rational than individuals? A review of interactive decision making in groups
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science. - : Wiley. - 1939-5078. ; 3:4, s. 471-482
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many decisions are interactive; the outcome of one party depends not only on its decisions or on acts of nature but also on the decisions of others. Standard game theory assumes that individuals are rational, self-interested decision makersthat is, decision makers are selfish, perfect calculators, and flawless executors of their strategies. A myriad of studies shows that these assumptions are problematic, at least when examining decisions made by individuals. In this article, we review the literature of the last 25 years on decision making by groups. Researchers have compared the strategic behavior of groups and individuals in many games: prisoner's dilemma, dictator, ultimatum, trust, centipede and principalagent games, among others. Our review suggests that results are quite consistent in revealing that group decisions are closer to the game-theoretic assumption of rationality than individual decisions. Given that many real-world decisions are made by groups, it is possible to argue that standard game theory is a better descriptive model than previously believed by experimental researchers. We conclude by discussing future research avenues in this area. WIREs Cogn Sci 2012, 3:471482. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1184 For further resources related to this article, please visit the .
|
|
| 2. |
- Aggarwal, M. M., et al.
(författare)
-
Event-by-event charged-neutral fluctuations in Pb plus Pb collisions at 158 A GeV
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 701:3, s. 300-305
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Charged particles and photons have been measured in central Pb + Pb collisions at 158 A GeV in a common (eta-phi)-phase space region in the WA98 experiment at the CERN SPS. The measured distributions have been analyzed to quantify the frequency with which phase space regions of varying sizes have either small or large neutral pion fraction. The measured results are compared with VENUS model simulated events and with mixed events. Events with both large and small charged-neutral fluctuations are observed to occur more frequently than expected statistically, as deduced from mixed events, or as predicted by model simulations, with the difference becoming more prominent with decreasing size of the A Delta eta-Delta phi region. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 3. |
- Aggarwal, M. M., et al.
(författare)
-
Photon and eta production in p plus Pb and p plus C collisions at root(NN)-N-S=17.4 GeV
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Physics, Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0375-9474. ; 898, s. 14-23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements of direct photon production in p + Pb and p + C collisions at root(NN)-N-s = 17.4 GeV are presented. Upper limits on the direct photon yield as a function of p(T) are derived and compared to the results for Pb + Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-s = 17.3 GeV. The production of the eta meson, which is an important input to the direct photon signal extraction, has been determined in the eta -> 2 gamma channel for p + C collisions at root(NN)-N-s = 17.4 GeV. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
