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- Furugren, L, et al.
(författare)
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Hip fractures among the elderly in a Swedish urban setting: different perspectives on the significance of country of birth
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 35:1, s. 11-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The study investigates the significance of country of birth for hip fractures among the elderly in a Swedish urban setting. Design: Cross-sectional register-based study. Methods: All people aged 65 or above hospitalized because of hip fracture in Stockholm County over the years 1993—95 were identified in the County's Hospital Discharge Register. Information was obtained from Sweden's National Population Register on the countries of birth of the people affected (reference year: 1994). The foreign-born were grouped in two ways: according to the geographic location of their country of birth, and to the level of development of that country (as measured by the UN's Human Development Index). Age-standardized odds ratios were computed for men and women separately, with the Swedish-born elderly as reference group. Results: Many of the foreign-born groups registered significantly lower odds of hip fracture than their Swedish-born counterparts, regardless of whether countries of birth were grouped geographically or according to level of development. This applied to both men and women. Conclusions: As a whole, the Swedish elderly population has one of the highest prevalences of hip fracture in the world. When country of origin is accounted for, the foreign-born elderly are significantly less vulnerable than native Swedes. This contrasts remarkably with other health outcomes.
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| 3. |
- Burrows, S, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of accuracy of suicide mortality surveillance data in South Africa: investigation in an urban setting
- 2007
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Ingår i: Crisis. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 0227-5910 .- 2151-2396. ; 28:2, s. 74-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract. Although it is not a legal requirement in South Africa, medical practitioners determine the manner of injury death for a surveillance system that is currently the only source of epidemiological data on suicide. This study assessed the accuracy of suicide data as recorded in the system using the docket produced from standard medico-legal investigation procedures as the gold standard. It was conducted in one of three cities where the surveillance system had full coverage for the year 2000. In the medico-legal system, one-third of cases could not be tracked, had not been finalized, or had unclear outcomes. For the remaining cases, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were generally high, varying somewhat across sex and race groups. Poisoning, jumping, and railway suicides were more likely than other methods to be misclassified, and were more common among females and Whites. The study provides encouraging results regarding the use of medical practitioner expertise for the accurate determination of suicide deaths. However, suicides may still be underestimated in this process given the challenge of tracing disguised suicides and without the careful examination of potential misclassifications of true suicides as unintentional deaths.
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| 7. |
- Burrows, S, et al.
(författare)
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Sex-specific suicide mortality in the South African urban context: the role of age, race, and geographical location
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 35:2, s. 133-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: This study investigates the importance of sociodemographic and geographical characteristics for suicide risks in the South African urban context. Suicide epidemiology is under-researched in low- and middle-income countries, and such knowledge is important not only for local and national policy, but also for a global understanding of the phenomenon. Methods: Sex-specific crude and adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for suicide by age, race, and city are assessed using logistic regression. Cases aged 45+ years, classified as ``Coloured'' (a category denoting mixed racial origin), and living in Cape Town are used as reference groups. Additionally, the proportion of leading suicide methods within groups was estimated (95% confidence intervals). Results: For males, compared with each reference group, the odds of suicide are significantly higher during middle adulthood, among Asians and particularly among Whites, and among residents of all but one city. Patterns for women differ in magnitude and distribution. Suicide odds are significantly higher in all age groups, particularly 15—24 years, among Whites, and among residents of all other cities, particularly Nelson Mandela or Buffalo City. Males living in Tshwane and Black females have lower odds of suicide. The distribution of methods across age, race, and city groups varies little for males but substantially for females. Conclusions: Age, race, and city play independent roles in sex-specific suicide rates. As for high-income settings, age, race, method and city are important in sex-specific suicide in the urban South African context. Possible underlying mechanisms deserve greater attention for context-relevant preventive efforts.
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| 8. |
- Burrows, S, et al.
(författare)
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Suicide among urban South African adolescents
- 2008
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Ingår i: International journal of adolescent medicine and health. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0334-0139 .- 2191-0278. ; 20:4, s. 519-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Eliasson, MA, et al.
(författare)
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Verbal abuse, gender and well-being at school
- 2005
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Ingår i: International journal of adolescent medicine and health. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0334-0139 .- 2191-0278. ; 17:4, s. 367-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Laflamme, L, et al.
(författare)
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Peer victimization and intentional injuries : quantitative and qualitative accounts of injurious physical interactions between students
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. - 0334-0139 .- 2191-0278. ; 20:2, s. 201-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies have shown that peer victimization engenders physical injuries both indirectly (i.e. as a trigger of injurious events) and directly (i.e. through intentional physical harm). How those injuries occur has not been much researched. OBJECTIVE: To highlight the various circumstances in which injuries are sustained by young teenagers when physically interacting with other students, and to characterize more specifically the context surrounding those injuries sustained resulting from violent actions. METHOD: Data were extracted from information already available from structured interviews conducted during two consecutive school years with children aged 10-15 years who had been hospitalized due to injury and who were residing in Stockholm County (Sweden) (n = 634). The current study considers those injuries resulting from physical interactions between students and pays attention to the gender and age distribution of the victims. The free text descriptions of the "interaction" injuries resulting from violent actions were re-read and examined by means of content analysis. RESULTS: Of the injuries reported, 23.5% resulted from physical interactions between students. The most frequent context of their occurrence was sports and play. Other injuries resulted either from assaults where the victim was in a clear imbalance of power (n = 24) or from violent incidents in which the victim was not powerless (n = 27). The two latter situations were much more common among boys. CONCLUSION: Peer victimization has an impact on children's safety both within and outside the school arena. Students are injured by their peers not only from deliberate violence targeting them but also from violent physical interactions in which they play an active role. These injurious events have a clear gender and age component.
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