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| 2. |
- Carlsson, Göran, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of severe congenital neutropenia in Sweden and risk of evolution to myelodysplastic syndrome/leukaemia.
- 2012
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Ingår i: British journal of haematology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2141 .- 0007-1048. ; 158:3, s. 363-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is characterized by low blood neutrophil counts, early bacterial infections, and risk of leukaemia development. As yet, no population-based incidence estimates of SCN have been reported. Children less than 16years of age with SCN were sought in Sweden during the 20-year period 1987-2006 by a questionnaire to all Swedish Departments of Paediatrics and by reviewing the Swedish Health and Welfare Statistical Databases. Thirty-two patients were diagnosed with congenital neutropenia during this period. All received treatment with recombinant granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Twenty-one patients were diagnosed as SCN or probable SCN, corresponding to 1·0 per 100000 live births. Nine (43%) had ELANE mutations, four (19%) HAX1 mutations and eight (38%) were children with disease of unknown genetic aetiology. Four out of 21 patients (19%) developed myelodysplastic syndrome/leukaemia and three (14%) died, all with leukaemia. The cumulative incidence of myelodysplastic syndrome/leukaemia was 31%. The observed incidence of SCN in this population-based study was higher than previously estimated, possibly because genetic testing now can identify SCN cases previously thought to be idiopathic or benign neutropenia. The risk of developing myelodysplastic syndrome/leukaemia is considerable. ELANE mutations are the most commonly identified genetic defects.
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| 3. |
- de Miranda, Noel F. C. C., et al.
(författare)
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DNA repair genes are selectively mutated in diffuse large B cell lymphomas
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Medicine. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 0022-1007 .- 1540-9538. ; 210:9, s. 1729-1742
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DNA repair mechanisms are fundamental for B cell development, which relies on the somatic diversification of the immunoglobulin genes by V(D)J recombination, somatic hypermutation, and class switch recombination. Their failure is postulated to promote genomic instability and malignant transformation in B cells. By performing targeted sequencing of 73 key DNA repair genes in 29 B cell lymphoma samples, somatic and germline mutations were identified in various DNA repair pathways, mainly in diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). Mutations in mismatch repair genes (EXO1, MSH2, and MSH6) were associated with microsatellite instability, increased number of somatic insertions/deletions, and altered mutation signatures in tumors. Somatic mutations in nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) genes (DCLRE1C/ARTEMIS, PRKDC/DNA-PKcs, XRCC5/KU80, and XRCC6/KU70) were identified in four DLBCL tumors and cytogenetic analyses revealed that translocations involving the immunoglobulin-heavy chain locus occurred exclusively in NHEJ-mutated samples. The novel mutation targets, CHEK2 and PARP1, were further screened in expanded DLBCL cohorts, and somatic as well as novel and rare germline mutations were identified in 8 and 5% of analyzed tumors, respectively. By correlating defects in a subset of DNA damage response and repair genes with genomic instability events in tumors, we propose that these genes play a role in DLBCL lymphomagenesis.
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| 4. |
- Gustafsson Asting, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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COX-2 Gene Expression in Colon Cancer Tissue related to Regulating Factors and Promoter Methylation Status
- 2011
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Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Background Increased cyclooxygenase activity promotes progression of colorectal cancer, but the mechanisms behind COX-2 induction remain elusive. This study was therefore aimed to define external cell signaling and transcription factors relating to high COX-2 expression in colon cancer tissue. Method Tumor and normal colon tissue were collected at primary curative operation in 48 unselected patients. COX-2 expression in tumor and normal colon tissue was quantified including microarray analyses on tumor mRNA accounting for high and low tumor COX-2 expression. Cross hybridization was performed between tumor and normal colon tissue. Methylation status of up-stream COX-2 promoter region was evaluated. Results Tumors with high COX-2 expression displayed large differences in gene expression compared to normal colon. Numerous genes with altered expression appeared in tumors of high COX-2 expression compared to tumors of low COX-2. COX-2 expression in normal colon was increased in patients with tumors of high COX-2 compared to normal colon from patients with tumors of low COX-2. IL1β, IL6 and iNOS transcripts were up-regulated among external cell signaling factors; nine transcription factors (ATF3, C/EBP, c-Fos, Fos-B, JDP2, JunB, c-Maf, NF-κB, TCF4) showed increased expression and 5 (AP-2, CBP, Elk-1, p53, PEA3) were decreased in tumors with high COX-2. The promoter region of COX-2 gene did not show consistent methylation in tumor or normal colon tissue. Conclusions Transcription and external cell signaling factors are altered as covariates to COX-2 expression in colon cancer tissue, but DNA methylation of the COX-2 promoter region was not a significant factor behind COX-2 expression in tumor and normal colon tissue.
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| 5. |
- Gustafsson Asting, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic Copy Number Variations in Colon Mucosa Indicating Risk for Colorectal Cancer.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Cancer Therapy. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2151-1934 .- 2151-1942. ; 5:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sporadic colorectal tumors probably carry genetic alterations that may be related to familiar clusters according to risk loci visualized by SNP arrays on normal tissues. The aim of the present study was therefore to search for DNA regions (copy number variations, CNVs) as biomarkers associated to genetic susceptibility for early risk predictions of colorectal cancer. Such sequence alterations could provide additional information on phenotypic grouping of patients. Material and Methods: High resolution 105K oligonucleotide microarrays were used in search for CNV loci in DNA from tumor-free colon mucosa at primary operations for colon cancer in 60 unselected patients in comparison to DNA in buffy coat cells from 44 confirmed tumor-free and healthy blood donors. Array-detected CNVs were confirmed by Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Results: A total number of 205 potential CNVs were present in DNA from colon mucosa. 184 (90%) of the 205 potential CNVs had been identified earlier in mucosa DNA from healthy individuals as reported to the Database of Genomic Variants. Remaining 21 (10%) CNVs were potentially novel sites. Two CNVs (3q23 and 10q21.1) were significantly related to colon cancer, but not confirmed in buffy coat DNA from the cancer patients. Conclusion: Our study reveals two CNVs that indicate increased risk for colon cancer; these DNA alterations may have been acquired by colon stem cells with subsequent appearance among epithelial mucosa cells. Impact: Certain mucosa CNV alterations may indicate individual susceptibility for malignant transformation in relationship to intestinal toxins and bacterial growth.
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| 6. |
- Gustafsson Asting, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Receptor and enzyme expression for prostanoid metabolism in colorectal cancer related to tumor tissue PGE2.
- 2010
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Ingår i: International journal of oncology. - 1791-2423. ; 36:2, s. 469-478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostaglandins support progression of colorectal cancer by several mechanisms. This conclusion is based on epidemiological and drug intervention long-term studies or retrieved from animal and cell culture experiments. The aim of the present study was to map receptor and enzyme expression for prostanoid metabolism in the presence of high or low PGE2 content within colon cancer tissue at primary tumor operation and after short-term preoperative provision of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Twenty-three unselected patients with colon cancer were randomly selected to receive indomethacin (NSAID) or sham treatment for 3 days before surgery. Normal colon and tumor tissue were collected at operation for RNA extraction. Tissue PGE2 levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Gene expression was quantified by microarray and real-time PCR. COX-1 expression increased proportionally to COX-2 expression in colon cancer tissue from untreated patients. Indomethacin reduced PGE2 content in normal and tumor tissue with subsequently decreased IP, HPGD and PPARgamma receptor expression in both tumor and normal colon tissue, while subtype EP1-4 receptors were not significantly influenced by indomethacin treatment. MPGES-1 expression was not related to overall PGE2 content in tumor and colon tissue, but decreased significantly in normal tissue during indomethacin exposure. Reduction of tumor tissue PGE2 was related to significant alteration in expression of several hundred genes indicating decreased cell cycling and increased apoptosis during indomethacin treatment, probably related to upregulation of acute phase reactants in tumor tissue. Increased prostanoid activity in colon cancer tissue is related to cross-talk between tumor and stroma cells.
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| 7. |
- Lagerstedt, Kristina, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Genes with relevance for early to late progression of colon carcinoma based on combined genomic and transcriptomic information from the same patients.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cancer informatics. - 1176-9351. ; 9, s. 79-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Genetic and epigenetic alterations in colorectal cancer are numerous. However, it is difficult to judge whether such changes are primary or secondary to the appearance and progression of tumors. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify altered DNA regions with significant covariation to transcription alterations along colon cancer progression. METHODS: Tumor and normal colon tissue were obtained at primary operations from 24 patients selected by chance. DNA, RNA and microRNAs were extracted from the same biopsy material in all individuals and analyzed by oligo-nucleotide array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), mRNA- and microRNA oligo-arrays. Statistical analyses were performed to assess statistical interactions (correlations, co-variations) between DNA copy number changes and significant alterations in gene and microRNA expression using appropriate parametric and non-parametric statistics. RESULTS: Main DNA alterations were located on chromosome 7, 8, 13 and 20. Tumor DNA copy number gain increased with tumor progression, significantly related to increased gene expression. Copy number loss was not observed in Dukes A tumors. There was no significant relationship between expressed genes and tumor progression across Dukes A-D tumors; and no relationship between tumor stage and the number of microRNAs with significantly altered expression. Interaction analyses identified overall 41 genes, which discriminated early Dukes A plus B tumors from late Dukes C plus D tumor; 28 of these genes remained with correlations between genomic and transcriptomic alterations in Dukes C plus D tumors and 17 in Dukes D. One microRNA (microR-663) showed interactions with DNA alterations in all Dukes A-D tumors. CONCLUSIONS: Our modeling confirms that colon cancer progression is related to genomic instability and altered gene expression. However, early invasive tumor growth seemed rather related to transcriptomic alterations, where changes in microRNA may be an early phenomenon, and less to DNA copy number changes.
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| 9. |
- Soderhall, Cilla, et al.
(författare)
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A Case with Bladder Exstrophy and Unbalanced X Chromosome Rearrangement
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pediatric Surgery. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 1439-359X .- 0939-7248. ; 24:4, s. 353-359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Bladder exstrophy is a rare congenital malformation of the bladder and is believed to be a complex disorder with genetic and environmental background. We describe a young adult female with an isolated bladder exstrophy and with an X chromosome aberration. Patients and Methods Karyotyping identified an X chromosome rearrangement that was further characterized with array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and confirmed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Results The identified X chromosome rearrangement in our index patient consists of a gain of chromosomal material in region Xq26.3-> qter and loss in region Xp22.12->pter. This aberration was also carried by her mother and sister, none with bladder exstrophy. All three have a disproportionate short stature, as expected due to the deletion of one of the copies of the SHOX gene on Xp22.3. X-inactivation studies revealed a complete skewed inactivation pattern in carriers. Crossover events in the maternal germline furthermore resulted in different genetic material on the rearranged X chromosome between the index patient and her sister. Conclusion Our findings suggest an X-linked genetic risk factor for bladder exstrophy.
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| 10. |
- Winberg, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Chimerism Resulting From Parthenogenetic Activation and Dispermic Fertilization
- 2010
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part A. - : Wiley. - 1552-4825 .- 1552-4833. ; 152A:9, s. 2277-2286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whole-body human chimerism is the result of two zygotes giving rise to one individual, and is a rarely detected condition. We have studied the molecular background and discuss the likely mechanism for the chimerism in a patient with a 46,XX/47,XY,+14 karyotype and ambiguous genitalia, cryptorchidism, pigment anomalies, and normal psychomotor development. We have used karyotyping, interphase-FISH and array-CGH analysis as well as molecular analysis of polymorphic markers from 48 loci in order to define the origin and percentage of 47,XY,+14 cells in different tissues. Based on the findings of two paternal alleles and the detection of homozygous maternal alleles without evidence of crossing-over, and the fact that four alleles were never detected, our results indicate that the chimerism in our patient is the result of dispermic fertilization of a parthenogenetically activated oocyte. Our report underlines that cytogenetic findings suggesting mosaicism might actually indicate chimerism as an underlying mechanism in patients. It also highlights the difficulties in predicting the clinical outcome in patients with genetic aberrations in mosaic or chimeric form.
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