| 1. |
- Ferreira, Mjv, et al.
(författare)
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Poster Session 3 : Tuesday 5 May 2015, 08
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-2404 .- 2047-2412. ; 16 Suppl 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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| 3. |
- Bouwmeester, S, et al.
(författare)
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Registered Replication Report: Rand, Greene, and Nowak (2012) : Multilab direct replication of: Study 7 from Rand, D. G., Greene, J. D., & Nowak, M. A. (2012) Spontaneous giving and calculated greed. Nature, 489, 427–430.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Perspectives on Psychological Science. - : Sage Publications. - 1745-6916 .- 1745-6924. ; 12:3, s. 527-542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an anonymous 4-person economic game, participants contributed more money to a common project (i.e., cooperated) when required to decide quickly than when forced to delay their decision (Rand, Greene & Nowak, 2012), a pattern consistent with the social heuristics hypothesis proposed by Rand and colleagues. The results of studies using time pressure have been mixed, with some replication attempts observing similar patterns (e.g., Rand et al., 2014) and others observing null effects (e.g., Tinghög et al., 2013; Verkoeijen & Bouwmeester, 2014). This Registered Replication Report (RRR) assessed the size and variability of the effect of time pressure on cooperative decisions by combining 21 separate, preregistered replications of the critical conditions from Study 7 of the original article (Rand et al., 2012). The primary planned analysis used data from all participants who were randomly assigned to conditions and who met the protocol inclusion criteria (an intent-to-treat approach that included the 65.9% of participants in the time-pressure condition and 7.5% in the forced-delay condition who did not adhere to the time constraints), and we observed a difference in contributions of −0.37 percentage points compared with an 8.6 percentage point difference calculated from the original data. Analyzing the data as the original article did, including data only for participants who complied with the time constraints, the RRR observed a 10.37 percentage point difference in contributions compared with a 15.31 percentage point difference in the original study. In combination, the results of the intent-to-treat analysis and the compliant-only analysis are consistent with the presence of selection biases and the absence of a causal effect of time pressure on cooperation.
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| 4. |
- Bouwmeester, Sjoerd, et al.
(författare)
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Registered Replication Report : Rand, Greene, and Nowak (2012)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Perspectives on Psychological Science. - : SAGE Publications. - 1745-6916 .- 1745-6924. ; 12:3, s. 527-542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an anonymous 4-person economic game, participants contributed more money to a common project (i.e., cooperated) when required to decide quickly than when forced to delay their decision (Rand, Greene & Nowak, 2012), a pattern consistent with the social heuristics hypothesis proposed by Rand and colleagues. The results of studies using time pressure have been mixed, with some replication attempts observing similar patterns (e.g., Rand et al., 2014) and others observing null effects (e.g., Tinghög et al., 2013; Verkoeijen & Bouwmeester, 2014). This Registered Replication Report (RRR) assessed the size and variability of the effect of time pressure on cooperative decisions by combining 21 separate, preregistered replications of the critical conditions from Study 7 of the original article (Rand et al., 2012). The primary planned analysis used data from all participants who were randomly assigned to conditions and who met the protocol inclusion criteria (an intent-to-treat approach that included the 65.9% of participants in the time-pressure condition and 7.5% in the forced-delay condition who did not adhere to the time constraints), and we observed a difference in contributions of −0.37 percentage points compared with an 8.6 percentage point difference calculated from the original data. Analyzing the data as the original article did, including data only for participants who complied with the time constraints, the RRR observed a 10.37 percentage point difference in contributions compared with a 15.31 percentage point difference in the original study. In combination, the results of the intent-to-treat analysis and the compliant-only analysis are consistent with the presence of selection biases and the absence of a causal effect of time pressure on cooperation.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Jepsen, K., et al.
(författare)
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Reconstruction of Peri-implant Osseous Defects : A Multicenter Randomized Trial
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Dental Research. - : Sage Publications. - 0022-0345 .- 1544-0591. ; 95:1, s. 58-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a paucity of data for the effectiveness of reconstructive procedures in the treatment of peri-implantitis. The objective of this study was to compare reconstruction of peri-implant osseous defects with open flap debridement (OFD) plus porous titanium granules (PTGs) compared with OFD alone. Sixty-three patients (36 female, 27 male; mean age 58.4 y [SD 12.3]), contributing one circumferential peri-implant intraosseous defect, were included in a multinational, multicenter randomized trial using a parallel-group design. After OFD and surface decontamination using titanium brushes and hydrogen peroxide, 33 defects received PTGs. The implants were not submerged. All patients received adjunctive perioperative systemic antibiotics. The primary outcome variable (defect fill) was assessed on digitalized radiographs. Clinical measurements of probing depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BoP), suppuration, and plaque were taken by blinded examiners. After 12 mo, the test group (OFD plus PTG) showed a mean radiographic defect fill (mesial/distal) of 3.6/3.6 mm compared with 1.1/1.0 in the control group (OFD). Differences were statistically significant in favor of the test group (P < 0.0001). The OFD plus PTG group showed a mean reduction in PPD of 2.8 mm compared with 2.6 mm in the OFD group. BoP was reduced from 89.4% to 33.3% and from 85.8% to 40.4% for the test and control groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in complete resolution of peri-implantitis (PPD <= 4 mm and no BoP at six implant sites and no further bone loss), because this finding was accomplished at 30% of implants in the test group and 23% of implants in the control group. Reconstructive surgery using PTGs resulted in significantly enhanced radiographic defect fill compared with OFD. However, limitations in the lack of ability to discern biomaterial from osseous tissue could not be verified to determine new bone formation. Similar improvements according to clinical measures were obtained after both surgical treatment modalities (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02406001).
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| 8. |
- Laine, Christine M., et al.
(författare)
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A Novel Splice Mutation in PLS3 Causes X-linked Early Onset Low-Turnover Osteoporosis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley. - 0884-0431. ; 30:3, s. 437-445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic factors play an important role in the development of osteoporosis. Several monogenic forms of osteoporosis have been recognized, most recently an X-chromosomal form resulting from mutations in the gene encoding plastin 3 (PLS3). PLS3 is a protein involved in actin bundle formation in the cytoskeleton. We present a large family with early onset osteoporosis and X-linked inheritance. Phenotyping was performed on 19 family members and whole-exome sequencing on 7 family members (5 with a diagnosis of early onset osteoporosis and 2 with normal bone parameters). Osteoporosis had its onset in childhood and was characterized by recurrent peripheral fractures, low bone mineral density (BMD), vertebral compression fractures, and significant height loss in adulthood. Males were in general more severely affected than females. Bone histomorphometry findings in 4 males and 1 female showed severe trabecular osteoporosis, low amount of osteoid, and decreased mineral apposition rate, indicating impaired bone formation; resorption parameters were increased in some. All affected subjects shared a single base substitution (c.73-24T>A) in intron 2 of PLS3 on Xq23. The mutation, confirmed by Sanger sequencing, segregated according to the skeletal phenotype. The mutation introduces a new acceptor splice site with a predicted splice score of 0.99 and, thereby, as confirmed by cDNA sequencing, induces the insertion of 22 bases between exons 2 and 3, causing a frameshift and premature termination of mRNA translation (p.Asp25Alafs(not asymptotic to)17). The mutation affects the first N-terminal calcium-binding EF-hand domain and abolishes all calcium-and actinbinding domains of the protein. Our results confirm the role of PLS3 mutations in early onset osteoporosis. The mechanism whereby PLS3 affects bone health is unclear, but it may be linked to osteocyte dendrite function and skeletal mechanosensing. Future studies are needed to elucidate the role of PLS3 in osteoporosis and to define optimal treatment. (C) 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Mora, A., et al.
(författare)
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Gaia : Focus, straylight and basic angle
- 2016
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Ingår i: Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2016: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave. - : SPIE. - 9781510601871 ; 9904
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Gaia all-sky astrometric survey is challenged by several issues affecting the spacecraft stability. Amongst them, we find the focus evolution, straylight and basic angle variations Contrary to pre-launch expectations, the image quality is continuously evolving, during commissioning and the nominal mission. Payload decontaminations and wavefront sensor assisted refocuses have been carried out to recover optimum performance. An ESA-Airbus DS working group analysed the straylight and basic angle issues and worked on a detailed root cause analysis. In parallel, the Gaia scientists have also analysed the data, most notably comparing the BAM signal to global astrometric solutions, with remarkable agreement. In this contribution, a status review of these issues will be provided, with emphasis on the mitigation schemes and the lessons learned for future space missions where extreme stability is a key requirement.
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| 11. |
- Velasco-Soto, M A, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon polymer nanocomposites
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nanocolloids. ; , s. 265-298
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 12. |
- Abdel-Magied, Ahmed F., et al.
(författare)
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Chemical and Photochemical Water Oxidation Mediated by an Efficient Single-Site Ruthenium Catalyst
- 2016
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Ingår i: ChemSusChem. - : Wiley. - 1864-5631 .- 1864-564X. ; 9:24, s. 3448-3456
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water oxidation is a fundamental step in artificial photosynthesis for solar fuels production. In this study, we report a single-site Ru-based water oxidation catalyst, housing a dicarboxylate-benzimidazole ligand, that mediates both chemical and light-driven oxidation of water efficiently under neutral conditions. The importance of the incorporation of the negatively charged ligand framework is manifested in the low redox potentials of the developed complex, which allows water oxidation to be driven by the mild one-electron oxidant [Ru(bpy)(3)](3+) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine). Furthermore, combined experimental and DFT studies provide insight into the mechanistic details of the catalytic cycle.
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| 13. |
- Abdel-Magied, Ahmed F., et al.
(författare)
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Substituent Effects in Molecular Ruthenium Water Oxidation Catalysts Based on Amide Ligands
- 2017
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Ingår i: ChemCatChem. - : Wiley. - 1867-3880 .- 1867-3899. ; 9:9, s. 1583-1587
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The production of clean and sustainable energy is considered as one of the most urgent issues for our society. Mastering the oxidation of water to dioxygen is essential for the production of solar fuels. A study of the influence of the substituents on the catalytic activity of a series of mononuclear Ru complexes (2a-e) based on a tetradentate ligand framework is presented. At neutral pH, using [Ru(bpy)(3)](PF6)(3) (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine) as the terminal oxidant, a good correlation between the turnover frequency (TOF) and the Hammett sigma(meta) parameters was obtained. Additionally, a general pathway for the deactivation of Ru-based catalysts 2a-e during the catalytic oxidation of water through poisoning by carbon monoxide was demonstrated. These results highlight the importance of ligand design for fine-tuning the catalytic activity of water oxidation catalysts.
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| 14. |
- Focks, Jeroen Jaspers, et al.
(författare)
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Polypharmacy and effects of apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation : post hoc analysis of the ARISTOTLE trial
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL. - : BMJ. - 1756-1833. ; 353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE To determine whether the treatment effect of apixaban versus warfarin differs with increasing numbers of concomitant drugs used by patients with atrial fibrillation. DESIGN Post hoc analysis performed in 2015 of results from ARISTOTLE (apixaban for reduction in stroke and other thromboembolic events in atrial fibrillation)-a multicentre, double blind, double dummy trial that started in 2006 and ended in 2011. PARTICIPANTS 18 201 ARISTOTLE trial participants. INTERVENTIONS In the ARISTOTLE trial, patients were randomised to either 5 mg apixaban twice daily (n=9120) or warfarin (target international normalised ratio range 2.0-3.0; n=9081). In the post hoc analysis, patients were divided into groups according to the number of concomitant drug treatments used at baseline (0-5, 6-8, >= 9 drugs) with a median follow-up of 1.8 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinical outcomes and treatment effects of apixaban versus warfarin (adjusted for age, sex, and country). RESULTS Each patient used a median of six drugs (interquartile range 5-9); polypharmacy (>= 5 drugs) was seen in 13 932 (76.5%) patients. Greater numbers of concomitant drugs were used in older patients, women, and patients in the United States. The number of comorbidities increased across groups of increasing numbers of drugs (0-5, 6-8, >= 9 drugs), as did the proportions of patients treated with drugs that interact with warfarin or apixaban. Mortality also rose significantly with the number of drug treatments (P<0.001), as did rates of stroke or systemic embolism (1.29, 1.48, and 1.57 per 100 patient years, for 0-5, 6-8, and >= 9 drugs, respectively) and major bleeding (1.91, 2.46, and 3.88 per 100 patient years, respectively). Relative risk reductions in stroke or systemic embolism for apixaban versus warfarin were consistent, regardless of the number of concomitant drugs (P-interaction=0.82). A smaller reduction in major bleeding was seen with apixaban versus warfarin with increasing numbers of concomitant drugs (P-interaction=0.017). Patients with interacting (potentiating) drugs for warfarin or apixaban had similar outcomes and consistent treatment effects of apixaban versus warfarin. CONCLUSIONS In the ARISTOTLE trial, three quarters of patients had polypharmacy; this subgroup had an increased comorbidity, more interacting drugs, increased mortality, and higher rates of thromboembolic and bleeding complications. In terms of a potential differential response to anticoagulation therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation and polypharmacy, apixaban was more effective than warfarin, and is at least just as safe.
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| 15. |
- Guimaraes, Patricia O., et al.
(författare)
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International normalized ratio control and subsequent clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation using warfarin
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0929-5305 .- 1573-742X. ; 48:1, s. 27-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explored associations between INR measures and clinical outcomes in patients with AF using warfarin, and whether INR history predicted future INR measurements. We included patients in ARISTOTLE who were randomized to and received warfarin. Among patients who had events, we included those with ≥ 3 INR values in the 180 days prior to the event, with the most recent ≤ 60 days prior to the event, who were on warfarin at the time of event (n = 545). Non-event patients were included in the control group if they had ≥ 180 days of warfarin exposure with ≥ 3 INR measurements (n = 7259). The median (25th, 75th) number of INR values per patient was 29 (21, 38) over a median follow-up of 1.8 years. A total of 87% had at least one INR value < 1.5; 49% had at least one value > 4.0. The last INRs before events (median 14 [24, 7] days) were < 3.0 for at least 75% of patients with major bleeding and > 2.0 for half of patients with ischemic stroke. Historic time in therapeutic range (TTR) was weakly associated with future TTR (R2 = 0.212). Historic TTR ≥ 80% had limited predictive ability to discriminate future TTR ≥ 80% (C index 0.61). In patients with AF receiving warfarin, most bleeding events may not have been preventable despite careful INR control. Our findings suggest that INRs collected through routine management are not sufficiently predictive to provide reassurance about future time in therapeutic range or to prevent subsequent outcomes, and might be over-interpreted in clinical practice.
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| 16. |
- Holmqvist, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Heart rate is associated with progression of atrial fibrillation, independent of rhythm
- 2015
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Ingår i: Heart. - : BMJ. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X. ; 101:11, s. 894-899
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Atrial fibrillation (AF) often progresses from paroxysmal or persistent to more sustained forms, but the rate and predictors of AF progression in clinical practice are not well described. Methods Using the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of AF, we analysed the incidence and predictors of progression and tested the discrimination and calibration of the HATCH (hypertension, age, TIA/stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure) and CHA(2)DS(2)VASc scores for identifying AF progression. Results Among 6235 patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF at baseline, 1479 progressed, during follow-up (median 18 (IQR 12-24) months). These patients were older and had more comorbidities than patients who did not progress (CHADS(2) 2.3 +/- 1.3 vs 2.1 +/- 1.3, p<0.0001). At baseline, patients with AF progression were more often on a rate control as opposed to a rhythm control strategy (66 vs 56%, p<0.0001) and had higher heart rate (72(64-80) vs 68 (60-76) bpm, p<0.0001). The strongest predictors of AF progression were AF on the baseline ECG (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.95 to 2.73, p<0.0001) and increasing age (OR 1.16, 95% CI1.09 to 1.24, p<0.0001, per 10 increase), while patients with lower heart rate (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.89, p<0.0001, per 10 decrease <= 80) were less likely to progress. There was no significant interaction between rhythm on baseline ECG and heart rate (p=0.71). The HATCH and CHA(2)DS(2)VASc scores had modest discriminatory power for AF progression (C-indices 0.55 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.58) and 0.55 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.57)). Conclusions Within 1.5 years, almost a quarter of the patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF progress to a more sustained form. Progression is strongly associated with heart rate, and age.
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| 17. |
- Kauppila, JH, et al.
(författare)
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Finnish National Esophago-Gastric Cancer Cohort (FINEGO) for studying outcomes after oesophageal and gastric cancer surgery: a protocol for a retrospective, population-based, nationwide cohort study in Finland
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 9:1, s. e024094-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surgery for oesophageal and gastric cancers is associated with high morbidity, mortality and poor quality of life postoperatively. The Finnish National Esophago-Gastric Cancer Cohort has been established with the aim of identifying factors that could contribute to improved outcomes in oesophago-gastric cancer.Methods and analysisAll patients with oesophageal and gastric cancer diagnosed in Finland between 1987 and 2015 will be identified from the Finnish national registries. The Finnish Cancer Registry and Finnish Patient Registry will be used to identify patients that fulfil the inclusion criteria for the study: (1) diagnosis of oesophageal, gastro-oesophageal junction, or gastric cancer, (2) any surgical treatment for the diagnosed cancer and (3) age of 18 or over at the time of diagnosis. Clinical variables and complication information will be retrieved in extensive data collection from the medical records of the relevant Finnish hospitals and complete follow-up for vital status from Statistics Finland. Primary endpoint is overall all-cause mortality and secondary endpoints include complications, reoperations, medication use and sick leaves. Sub-studies will be implemented within the cohort to investigate specific populations undergoing oesophageal and gastric cancer surgery. The initial estimated sample size is 1800 patients with surgically treated oesophageal cancer and 7500 patients with surgically treated gastric cancer.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Ethical Committee in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland and The National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland. Study findings will be disseminated via presentations at conferences and publications in peer-reviewed journals.
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| 18. |
- Körber, R., et al.
(författare)
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SQUIDs in biomagnetism: A roadmap towards improved healthcare
- 2016
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Ingår i: Superconductors Science and Technology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-2048 .- 1361-6668. ; 29:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Globally, the demand for improved health care delivery while managing escalating costs is a major challenge. Measuring the biomagnetic fields that emanate from the human brain already impacts the treatment of epilepsy, brain tumours and other brain disorders. This roadmap explores how superconducting technologies are poised to impact health care. Biomagnetism is the study of magnetic fields of biological origin. Biomagnetic fields are typically very weak, often in the femtotesla range, making their measurement challenging. The earliest in vivo human measurements were made with room-temperature coils. In 1963, Baule and McFee (1963 Am. Heart J. 55 95-6) reported the magnetic field produced by electric currents in the heart ('magnetocardiography'), and in 1968, Cohen (1968 Science 161 784-6) described the magnetic field generated by alpha-rhythm currents in the brain ('magnetoencephalography'). Subsequently, in 1970, Cohen et al (1970 Appl. Phys. Lett. 16 278-80) reported the recording of a magnetocardiogram using a Superconducting QUantum Interference Device (SQUID). Just two years later, in 1972, Cohen (1972 Science 175 664-6) described the use of a SQUID in magnetoencephalography. These last two papers set the scene for applications of SQUIDs in biomagnetism, the subject of this roadmap. The SQUID is a combination of two fundamental properties of superconductors. The first is flux quantization - the fact that the magnetic flux Φ in a closed superconducting loop is quantized in units of the magnetic flux quantum, Φ0 ≡ h/2e, ≈ 2.07 × 10-15 Tm2 (Deaver and Fairbank 1961 Phys. Rev. Lett. 7 43-6, Doll R and Nabauer M 1961 Phys. Rev. Lett. 7 51-2). Here, h is the Planck constant and e the elementary charge. The second property is the Josephson effect, predicted in 1962 by Josephson (1962 Phys. Lett. 1 251-3) and observed by Anderson and Rowell (1963 Phys. Rev. Lett. 10 230-2) in 1963. The Josephson junction consists of two weakly coupled superconductors separated by a tunnel barrier or other weak link. A tiny electric current is able to flow between the superconductors as a supercurrent, without developing a voltage across them. At currents above the 'critical current' (maximum supercurrent), however, a voltage is developed. In 1964, Jaklevic et al (1964 Phys. Rev. Lett. 12 159-60) observed quantum interference between two Josephson junctions connected in series on a superconducting loop, giving birth to the dc SQUID. The essential property of the SQUID is that a steady increase in the magnetic flux threading the loop causes the critical current to oscillate with a period of one flux quantum. In today's SQUIDs, using conventional semiconductor readout electronics, one can typically detect a change in Φ corresponding to 10-6 Φ0 in one second. Although early practical SQUIDs were usually made from bulk superconductors, for example, niobium or Pb-Sn solder blobs, today's devices are invariably made from thin superconducting films patterned with photolithography or even electron lithography. An extensive description of SQUIDs and their applications can be found in the SQUID Handbooks (Clarke and Braginski 2004 Fundamentals and Technology of SQUIDs and SQUID Systems vol I (Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH), Clarke and Braginski 2006 Applications of SQUIDs and SQUID Systems vol II (Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH)). The roadmap begins (chapter 1) with a brief review of the state-of-the-art of SQUID-based magnetometers and gradiometers for biomagnetic measurements. The magnetic field noise referred to the pick-up loop is typically a few fT Hz-1/2, often limited by noise in the metallized thermal insulation of the dewar rather than by intrinsic SQUID noise. The authors describe a pathway to achieve an intrinsic magnetic field noise as low as 0.1 fT Hz-1/2, approximately the Nyquist noise of the human body. They also descibe a technology to defeat dewar noise. Chapter 2 reviews the neuroscientific and clinical use of magnetoencephalography (MEG), by far the most widespread application of biomagnetism with systems containing ty ically 300 sensors cooled to liquid-helium temperature, 4.2 K. Two important clinical applications are presurgical mapping of focal epilepsy and of eloquent cortex in brain-tumor patients. Reducing the sensor-to-brain separation and the system noise level would both improve spatial resolution. The very recent commercial innovation that replaces the need for frequent manual transfer of liquid helium with an automated system that collects and liquefies the gas and transfers the liquid to the dewar will make MEG systems more accessible. A highly promising means of placing the sensors substantially closer to the scalp for MEG is to use high-transition-temperature (high-T c) SQUID sensors and flux transformers (chapter 3). Operation of these devices at liquid-nitrogen temperature, 77 K, enables one to minimize or even omit metallic thermal insulation between the sensors and the dewar. Noise levels of a few fT Hz-1/2 have already been achieved, and lower values are likely. The dewars can be made relatively flexible, and thus able to be placed close to the skull irrespective of the size of the head, potentially providing higher spatial resolution than liquid-helium based systems. The successful realization of a commercial high-T c MEG system would have a major commercial impact. Chapter 4 introduces the concept of SQUID-based ultra-low-field magnetic resonance imaging (ULF MRI) operating at typically several kHz, some four orders of magnitude lower than conventional, clinical MRI machines. Potential advantages of ULF MRI include higher image contrast than for conventional MRI, enabling methodologies not currently available. Examples include screening for cancer without a contrast agent, imaging traumatic brain injury (TBI) and degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, and determining the elapsed time since a stroke. The major current problem with ULF MRI is that its signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is low compared with high-field MRI. Realistic solutions to this problem are proposed, including implementing sensors with a noise level of 0.1 fT Hz-1/2. A logical and exciting prospect (chapter 5) is to combine MEG and ULF MRI into a single system in which both signal sources are detected with the same array of SQUIDs. A prototype system is described. The combination of MEG and ULF MRI allows one to obtain structural images of the head concurrently with the recording of brain activity. Since all MEG images require an MRI to determine source locations underlying the MEG signal, the combined modality would give a precise registration of the two images; the combination of MEG with high-field MRI can produce registration errors as large as 5 mm. The use of multiple sensors for ULF MRI increases both the SNR and the field of view. Chapter 6 describes another potentially far-reaching application of ULF MRI, namely neuronal current imaging (NCI) of the brain. Currently available neuronal imaging techniques include MEG, which is fast but has relatively poor spatial resolution, perhaps 10 mm, and functional MRI (fMRI) which has a millimeter resolution but is slow, on the order of seconds, and furthermore does not directly measure neuronal signals. NCI combines the ability of direct measurement of MEG with the spatial precision of MRI. In essence, the magnetic fields generated by neural currents shift the frequency of the magnetic resonance signal at a location that is imaged by the three-dimensional magnetic field gradients that form the basis of MRI. The currently achieved sensitivity of NCI is not quite sufficient to realize its goal, but it is close. The realization of NCI would represent a revolution in functional brain imaging. Improved techniques for immunoassay are always being sought, and chapter 7 introduces an entirely new topic, magnetic nanoparticles for immunoassay. These particles are bio-funtionalized, for example with a specific antibody which binds to its corresponding antigen, if it is present. Any resulting changes in the properties of the nanoparticles are detected with a SQUID. For liquid-phase detection, there are three ba ic methods: AC susceptibility, magnetic relaxation and remanence measurement. These methods, which have been successfully implemented for both in vivo and ex vivo applications, are highly sensitive and, although further development is required, it appears highly likely that at least some of them will be commercialized. © 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd.
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| 19. |
- McCarthy, Randy J., et al.
(författare)
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Registered Replication Report on Srull and Wyer (1979)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science. - : SAGE Publications Inc. - 2515-2459 .- 2515-2467. ; 1:3, s. 321-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Srull and Wyer (1979) demonstrated that exposing participants to more hostility-related stimuli caused them subsequently to interpret ambiguous behaviors as more hostile. In their Experiment 1, participants descrambled sets of words to form sentences. In one condition, 80% of the descrambled sentences described hostile behaviors, and in another condition, 20% described hostile behaviors. Following the descrambling task, all participants read a vignette about a man named Donald who behaved in an ambiguously hostile manner and then rated him on a set of personality traits. Next, participants rated the hostility of various ambiguously hostile behaviors (all ratings on scales from 0 to 10). Participants who descrambled mostly hostile sentences rated Donald and the ambiguous behaviors as approximately 3 scale points more hostile than did those who descrambled mostly neutral sentences. This Registered Replication Report describes the results of 26 independent replications (N = 7,373 in the total sample; k = 22 labs and N = 5,610 in the primary analyses) of Srull and Wyer?s Experiment 1, each of which followed a preregistered and vetted protocol. A random-effects meta-analysis showed that the protagonist was seen as 0.08 scale points more hostile when participants were primed with 80% hostile sentences than when they were primed with 20% hostile sentences (95% confidence interval, CI = [0.004, 0.16]). The ambiguously hostile behaviors were seen as 0.08 points less hostile when participants were primed with 80% hostile sentences than when they were primed with 20% hostile sentences (95% CI = [?0.18, 0.01]). Although the confidence interval for one outcome excluded zero and the observed effect was in the predicted direction, these results suggest that the currently used methods do not produce an assimilative priming effect that is practically and routinely detectable.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Oulasvirta, A., et al.
(författare)
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Aalto Interface Metrics (AIM) : A service and codebase for computational GUI evaluation
- 2018
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Ingår i: UIST 2018 Adjunct - Adjunct Publication of the 31st Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. - 9781450359498 ; , s. 16-19
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aalto Interface Metrics (AIM) pools several empirically validated models and metrics of user perception and attention into an easy-to-use online service for the evaluation of graphical user interface (GUI) designs. Users input a GUI design via URL, and select from a list of 17 different metrics covering aspects ranging from visual clutter to visual learnability. AIM presents detailed breakdowns, visualizations, and statistical comparisons, enabling designers and practitioners to detect shortcomings and possible improvements. The web service and code repository are available at interfacemetrics.aalto.fi.
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| 22. |
- Verschuere, Bruno, et al.
(författare)
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Registered Replication Report on Mazar, Amir, and Ariely (2008)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science. - : SAGE Publications. - 2515-2459 .- 2515-2467. ; 1:3, s. 299-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The self-concept maintenance theory holds that many people will cheat in order to maximize self-profit, but only to the extent that they can do so while maintaining a positive self-concept. Mazar, Amir, and Ariely (2008, Experiment 1) gave participants an opportunity and incentive to cheat on a problem-solving task. Prior to that task, participants either recalled the Ten Commandments (a moral reminder) or recalled 10 books they had read in high school (a neutral task). Results were consistent with the self-concept maintenance theory. When given the opportunity to cheat, participants given the moral-reminder priming task reported solving 1.45 fewer matrices than did those given a neutral prime (Cohen’s d = 0.48); moral reminders reduced cheating. Mazar et al.’s article is among the most cited in deception research, but their Experiment 1 has not been replicated directly. This Registered Replication Report describes the aggregated result of 25 direct replications (total N = 5,786), all of which followed the same preregistered protocol. In the primary meta-analysis (19 replications, total n = 4,674), participants who were given an opportunity to cheat reported solving 0.11 more matrices if they were given a moral reminder than if they were given a neutral reminder (95% confidence interval = [−0.09, 0.31]). This small effect was numerically in the opposite direction of the effect observed in the original study (Cohen’s d = −0.04).
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| 23. |
- Das, Biswanath, et al.
(författare)
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Water oxidation catalyzed by molecular di- and nonanuclear Fe complexes: importance of a proper ligand framework
- 2016
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Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 45:34, s. 13289-13293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The synthesis of two molecular iron complexes, a dinuclear iron(III,III) complex and a nonanuclear iron complex, based on the di-nucleating ligand 2,2-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(1H-benzo[d]imidazole-4-carboxylic acid) is described. The two iron complexes were found to drive the oxidation of water by the one-electron oxidant [Ru(bpy)(3)](3+).
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Gallego-Marcos, Ignacio, et al.
(författare)
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Pool stratification and mixing during a steam injection through spargers: analysis of the PPOOLEX and PANDA experiments
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nuclear Engineering and Design. - : Elsevier. - 0029-5493 .- 1872-759X. ; 337, s. 300-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spargers are multi-hole injection pipes used in Boiling Water Reactors (BWR) and Advanced Pressurized (AP) reactors to condense steam in large water pools. A steam injection induces heat, momentum and mass sources that depend on the steam injection conditions and can result in thermal stratification or mixing of the pool. Thermal stratification reduces the steam condensation capacity of the pool, increases the pool surface temperature and thus the containment pressure. Development of models with predictive capabilities requires the understanding of basic phenomena that govern the behavior of the complex multi-scale system. The goals of this work are (i) to analyze and interpret the experiments on steam injection into a pool through spargers performed in the large-scale facilities of PPOOLEX and PANDA, and (ii) to discuss possible modelling approaches for the observed phenomena. A scaling approach was developed to address the most important physical phenomena and regimes relevant to prototypic plant conditions. The focus of the tests was on the low steam mass flux and oscillatory bubble condensation regimes, which are expected during a long-term steam injection transient, e.g. in the case of a Station Black Out (SBO). Exploratory tests were also done for chugging and stable jet conditions. The results showed a similar behavior in PPOOLEX and PANDA in terms of jet induced by steam condensation, pool stratification, and development of hot layer and erosion of the cold one. A correlation using the Richardson number is proposed to model the erosion rate of the cold layer as a function of the pool dimensions and steam injection conditions.
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| 26. |
- Haraldsson, Erik, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Macroscopic appearance of the major duodenal papilla influences bile duct cannulation: a prospective multicenter study by the Scandinavian Association for Digestive Endoscopy Study Group for ERCP
- 2019
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Ingår i: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-5107 .- 1097-6779. ; 90:6, s. 957-963
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims: Certain appearances of the major duodenal papilla have been claimed to make cannulation more difficult during ERCP. This study uses a validated classification of the endoscopic appearance of the major duodenal papilla to determine if certain types of papilla predispose to difficult cannulation. Methods: Patients with a naïve papilla scheduled for ERCP were included. The papilla was classified into 1 of 4 papilla types before cannulation started. Time to successful bile duct cannulation, attempts, and number of pancreatic duct passages were recorded. Difficult cannulation was defined as after 5 minutes, 5 attempts, or 2 pancreatic guidewire passages. Results: A total of 1401 patients were included from 9 different centers in the Nordic countries. The overall frequency of difficult cannulation was 42% (95% confidence interval [CI], 39%-44%). Type 2 small papilla (52%; 95% CI, 45%-59%) and type 3 protruding or pendulous papilla (48%; 95% CI, 42%-53%) were more frequently difficult to cannulate compared with type 1 regular papilla (36%; 95% CI, 33%-40%; both P <.001). If an inexperienced endoscopist started cannulation, the frequency of failed cannulation increased from 1.9% to 6.3% (P <.0001), even though they were replaced by a senior endoscopist after 5 minutes. Conclusions: The endoscopic appearance of the major duodenal papilla influences bile duct cannulation. Small type 2 and protruding or pendulous type 3 papillae are more frequently difficult to cannulate. In addition, cannulation might even fail more frequently if a beginner starts cannulation. These findings should be taken into consideration when performing studies regarding bile duct cannulation and in training future generations of endoscopists. © 2019 American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
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| 27. |
- Hu, Peter T., et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy and Safety of Apixaban Compared With Warfarin in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Peripheral Artery Disease : Insights From the ARISTOTLE Trial
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL. - 2047-9980. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background- We studied (1) the rates of stroke or systemic embolism and bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation and peripheral artery disease (PAD) and (2) the efficacy and safety of apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation with and without PAD. Methods and Results- The Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) trial randomized 18 201 patients with atrial fibrillation to apixaban or warfarin for stroke/systemic embolism prevention; 884 (4.9%) patients had PAD at baseline. Patients with PAD had higher unadjusted rates of stroke and systemic embolism (hazard ratio [HR] 1.73, 95% CI 1.22-2.45; P=0.002) and major bleeding (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.00-1.81; P=0.05), but after adjustment, no differences existed in rates of stroke and systemic embolism (HR 1.32, 95% CI 0.93-1.88; P=0.12) and major bleeding (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.76-1.40; P=0.83) compared with patients without PAD. The risk of stroke or systemic embolism was similar in patients assigned to apixaban and warfarin with PAD (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.32-1.25) and without PAD (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66-0.96; interaction P= 0.52). Patients with PAD did not have a statistically significant reduction in major or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding with apixaban compared with warfarin (HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.69-1.58), whereas those without PAD had a statistically significant reduction (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.58-0.73; interaction P=0.03). Conclusions- Patients with PAD in ARISTOTLE had a higher crude risk of stroke or systemic embolism compared with patients without PAD that was not present after adjustment. The benefits of apixaban versus warfarin for stroke and systemic embolism were similar in patients with and without PAD. These findings highlight the need to optimize the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation and PAD.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Laine, M., et al.
(författare)
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Process rates of nitrogen cycle in uppermost topsoil after harvesting in no-tilled and ploughed agricultural clay soil
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1385-1314 .- 1573-0867. ; 110:1, s. 39-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- No-till is considered an agricultural practice beneficial for the environment as soil erosion is decreased compared to ploughed soils. For on overall evaluation of the benefits and disadvantages of this crop production method, understanding the soil nutrient cycle is also of importance. The study was designed to obtain information about gross soil nitrogen (N) process rates in boreal no-tilled and mouldboard ploughed spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) fields after autumn harvesting. In situ soil gross N transformation process rates were quantified for the 5 cm topsoil in 9 days' incubation experiment using N-15 pool dilution and tracing techniques and a numerical N-15 tracing model. Gross N mineralization into ammonium (NH4+) and NH4+ immobilization were the most important N transformation processes in the soils. The gross mineralization rate was 14% and NH4+ immobilization rate 64% higher in no-till than in ploughing. Regardless of the faster mineralization, the gross rate of NH4+ oxidation into nitrate (NO3-) in no-till was one order of magnitude lower compared the ploughing. The results indicate that the no-tilled soils have the potential to decrease the risk for NO3- leaching due to slower NH4+ oxidation.
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| 31. |
- Laine, Tanja M., et al.
(författare)
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Efficient photochemical water oxidation by a dinuclear molecular ruthenium complex
- 2015
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Ingår i: Chemical Communications. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1359-7345 .- 1364-548X. ; 51:10, s. 1862-1865
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herein is described the preparation of a dinuclear molecular Ru catalyst for H2O oxidation. The prepared catalyst mediates the photochemical oxidation of H2O with an efficiency comparable to state-of-the-art catalysts.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Makitie, R. E., et al.
(författare)
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Skeletal Characteristics of WNT1 Osteoporosis in Children and Young Adults
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 31:9, s. 1734-1742
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- WNT proteins comprise a 19-member glycoprotein family that act in several developmental and regenerative processes. In bone, WNT proteins regulate osteoblast differentiation and maintain bone health by activating the canonical WNT/-catenin pathway. We reported a heterozygous missense mutation c.652T>G (p.C218G) in WNT1 exon 4 as the cause for severe early-onset, autosomal dominant osteoporosis. The initial study concerned a large Finnish family with 10 affected adults. Here we report clinical findings of the WNT1 osteoporosis in 8 children and young adults (median age 14 years; range 10 to 30 years) in two families, all with the p.C218G mutation in WNT1. Clinical assessments showed no apparent dysmorphia or features similar to typical osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Biochemistry revealed no changes in parameters of calcium metabolism and bone turnover markers. Fracture frequencies varied, but all subjects had sustained at least one fracture and 4 had a pathological fracture history. Plain radiographs showed osteopenic appearance, loss in vertebral height, and thin diaphyses of the long bones. Bone densitometry showed the BMD to be below normal median in all subjects and the bone mass deficit seemed to be more severe in older participants. Bone histomorphometry revealed a low turnover osteoporosis in 2 subjects at ages 14 and 16 years. These findings are congruent with earlier findings in adult patients and indicate that WNT1 osteoporosis causes significant skeletal changes already in early childhood and impairs bone mass gain during pubertal years. Genetic testing of children or close relatives of affected individuals is recommended for appropriate preventive measures. (c) 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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| 34. |
- Melloni, Chiara, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy and Safety of Apixaban Versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and a History of Cancer : Insights from the ARISTOTLE Trial.
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9343 .- 1555-7162. ; 130:12, s. 1440-1448.e1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Cancer is associated with a prothrombotic state and increases the risk of thrombotic events in patients with atrial fibrillation. We described the clinical characteristics and outcomes and assessed the safety and efficacy of apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and cancer in the Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) trial.METHODS: The association between cancer and clinical outcomes was assessed using Cox regression models. At baseline, 1236 patients (6.8%) had a history of cancer; 12.7% had active cancer, and 87.3% had remote cancer.RESULTS: There were no significant associations between history of cancer and stroke/systemic embolism, major bleeding, or death. The effect of apixaban versus warfarin for the prevention of stroke/systemic embolism was consistent among patients with a history of cancer (event/100 patient-years = 1.4 vs 1.2; hazard ratio [HR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53-2.26) and no cancer (1.3 vs 1.6; HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64-0.93) (P interaction = .37). The safety and efficacy of apixaban versus warfarin were preserved among patients with and without active cancer. Apixaban was associated with a greater benefit for the composite of stroke/systemic embolism, myocardial infarction, and death in active cancer (HR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.11-0.83) versus without cancer (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78-0.95), but not in remote cancer (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.01-2.10) (interaction P = .0028).CONCLUSIONS: Cancer was not associated with a higher risk of stroke. The superior efficacy and safety of apixaban versus warfarin were consistent in patients with and without cancer. Our positive findings regarding apixaban use in patients with atrial fibrillation and cancer are exploratory and promising, but warrant further evaluation.
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| 35. |
- Ruponen, J., et al.
(författare)
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Tensile-shear strength studies on self-bonded 2-ply birch veneer joint manufactured and tested by applying Automated Bonding Evaluation System (ABES) hot press
- 2016
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Ingår i: WCTE 2016 - World Conference on Timber Engineering. - : Vienna University of Technology. - 9783903039001
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An Automatic Bond Evaluation System (ABES) hot press was employed to manufacture a self-bonded joint between two veneers of rotary-cut birch (Betula pendula Roth). The hot-pressing conditions were 220 °C and 5.0 MPa, with press times ranging from 180 s to 600 s with 60 s intervals. Additionally, the log-soaking temperature (20 °C and 70 °C) and the veneer initial MC (6% and 11%) were varied to study the effect on the tensile-shear strength of the joints. For one set, the surface properties were altered by acetone extraction. The samples were tested at 11% MC. However, one set was partly duplicated and tested at 6% MC, to study how the testing conditions influenced the bond strength. The maximum average tensile-shear strength was 3.3 MPa, observed after 600 s hot pressing. The studies also included bond-line micromorphology analysis by applying SEM combined with a micromachining surface preparation technique based on UV excimer laser ablation. It was also indicated that longer hot-pressing times, lower veneer initial MC and a lower testing MC resulted in increased tensile-shear strength. Acetone extraction decreased the bond strength with increased standard deviation. Finally, the highest single and average strengths were observed for veneers from higher soaking temperature.
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| 36. |
- Schröder, Jan, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Design and Evaluation of a Customizable Multi-Domain Reference Architecture on top of Product Lines of Self- Driving Heavy Vehicles - An Industrial Case Study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - : IEEE. - 0270-5257. - 9781479919345 ; 2:O/IEC, 2000, ISO/IEC FDIS 9126-1:2000(E), s. 189-198
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Self-driving vehicles for commercial use cases like logistics or overcast mines increase their owners' economic competitiveness. Volvo maintains, evolves, and distributes a vehicle control product line for different brands like Volvo Trucks, Renault, and Mack in more than 190 markets world-wide. From the different application domains of their customers originates the need for a multi-domain reference architecture concerned with transport mission planning, execution, and tracking on top of the vehicle control product line. This industrial case study is the first of its kind reporting about the systematic process to design such a reference architecture involving all relevant external and internal stakeholders, development documents, low-level artifacts, and literature. Quantitative and qualitative metrics were applied to evaluate non-functional requirements on the reference architecture level before a concrete variant was evaluated using a Volvo FMX truck in an exemplary construction site setting.
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