| 1. |
- Johansson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptation to abiotic stress factors and their effects on cereal and psuedocereal grain quality
- 2023
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Ingår i: Developing Sustainable and Health Promoting Cereals and Pseudocereals : Conventional and Molecular Breeding. - 9780323905664 ; , s. 339-358
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cereals and pseudocereals act as staple food crops in various regions of the world, with major contribution to human energy and nutrition. They are consumed primarily as bread, porridge, pancakes, or as whole grain alternatives. Quality of these crops is either related to the end uses or to their content of nutritionally important components. Abiotic stress has an influence on the physiological development of the plant, with in general a negative impact on yield, by severe effects from certain stresses on specific timings of the growth cycle. The impact on plant development also influences the uptake, transport, and storage of various compounds in the plant, and thus, also grain quality. Emerging novel technologies allow comparisons of large sets of phenotypic and genotypic data and development of markers useful for selection of suitable genotypes. Pyramiding genes for tolerance to a combination of abiotic stresses is a necessity for crops securing food to the coming generations.
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| 2. |
- Lama, Sbatie, et al.
(författare)
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Impacts of heat, drought, and combined heat-drought stress on yield, phenotypic traits, and gluten protein traits: capturing stability of spring wheat in excessive environments
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - 1664-462X. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wheat production and end-use quality are severely threatened by drought and heat stresses. This study evaluated stress impacts on phenotypic and gluten protein characteristics of eight spring wheat genotypes (Diskett, Happy, Bumble, SW1, SW2, SW3, SW4, and SW5) grown to maturity under controlled conditions (Biotron) using RGB imaging and size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC). Among the stress treatments compared, combined heat-drought stress had the most severe negative impacts on biomass (real and digital), grain yield, and thousand kernel weight. Conversely, it had a positive effect on most gluten parameters evaluated by SE-HPLC and resulted in a positive correlation between spike traits and gluten strength, expressed as unextractable gluten polymer (%UPP) and large monomeric protein (%LUMP). The best performing genotypes in terms of stability were Happy, Diskett, SW1, and SW2, which should be further explored as attractive breeding material for developing climate-resistant genotypes with improved bread-making quality. RGB imaging in combination with gluten protein screening by SE-HPLC could thus be a valuable approach for identifying climate stress-tolerant wheat genotypes.
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| 3. |
- Lama, Sbatie
(författare)
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Wheat quality under a climate spell : a focus on protein, physico-chemical and growth characteristics evaluated by innovatively combined approaches
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The quality of bread is largely determined by the gluten protein concentration and composition, both greatly influenced by environmental factors such as heat and drought. Future climate in Sweden is expected to fluctuate severely, affecting gluten proteins and the production of bread wheat, as well as future availability of food. The thesis aimed to enhance knowledge of the effect of varying climates on the glutenprotein quality in Swedish wheat and to evaluate new methods for yield and gluten protein screening in order to assist in future wheat breeding programs. In this thesis, plant growth-yield traits and gluten protein quality in flour and dough were studied in Swedish wheat of varying genetic backgrounds and imported varieties, all grown in diverse environments in Sweden.Red-green-blue (RGB) imaging and analytical chromatography tools, such as size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), as well as near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) were used to study wheat plants and flour materials. A mixograph was used to prepare dough in this study. Robust flour sedimentation methods, such as swelling index of glutenins (SIG) and solvent retention capacity (SRC), were used to examine the gluten protein characteristics of wheat flour from varying growing environments and were compared to industrial flour screening methods.The results show that the combined heat-drought stresses negatively affected biomass, yield and thousand-kernel weight (TKW) in the wheat studied. During extreme heat and prolonged drought, higher amounts of large polymeric gluten proteins (%UPP) were observed in the spring wheat flours in both field and controlledgrowth environments. Total extractable gluten protein (TOTE) was higher in the wheat genotypes grown in the cool climate in the field and combined heat-drought stress in the greenhouse. No difference in optimum dough mixing time in wheat from different years was observed. Dough mixing time, together with the gluten protein parameters (%UPP and TOTE) could be promising traits for gluten stability evaluation in varying climates. RGB imaging in combination with SE-HPLC can be useful in screening stable wheat genotypes for yield and gluten quality in varying climates. A combination of robust small-scale sedimentation tests to assess wheat flour suitability for bread-making, SIG in diluted lactic acid, SRC and SE-HPLC can be effectively used for efficient screening of wheat resilient to climate change. The new set of combined methods that include plant imaging, flour sedimentation, analytical chromatography and NIR, is of the greatest interest for both breeding and breadbaking industries to evaluate wheat in a changing climate.
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| 4. |
- Tran, Huy Cuong, et al.
(författare)
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An mTRAN-mRNA interaction mediates mitochondrial translation initiation in plants
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science. - 1095-9203. ; 381:6661
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant mitochondria represent the largest group of respiring organelles on the planet. Plant mitochondrial messenger RNAs (mRNAs) lack Shine-Dalgarno-like ribosome-binding sites, so it is unknown how plant mitoribosomes recognize mRNA. We show that “mitochondrial translation factors” mTRAN1 and mTRAN2 are land plant–specific proteins, required for normal mitochondrial respiration chain biogenesis. Our studies suggest that mTRANs are noncanonical pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR)–like RNA binding proteins of the mitoribosomal “small” subunit. We identified conserved Adenosine (A)/Uridine (U)-rich motifs in the 5′ regions of plant mitochondrial mRNAs. mTRAN1 binds this motif, suggesting that it is a mitoribosome homing factor to identify mRNAs. We demonstrate that mTRANs are likely required for translation of all plant mitochondrial mRNAs. Plant mitochondrial translation initiation thus appears to use a protein-mRNA interaction that is divergent from bacteria or mammalian mitochondria.
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