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- Löfgren, Johan, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Remote Sensing of the Coastal Ocean with Standard Geodetic GNSS-Equipment
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2012, 22-27 April, Vienna, Austria.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We use standard geodetic Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) equipment to perform remote sensing measurements of the coastal ocean. This is done by a so-called GNSS-based tide gauge that uses both direct GNSS-signals and GNSS-signals that are reflected off the sea surface. Our installation is located at the Onsala Space Observatory (OSO) at the west coast of Sweden and consists of a zenith-looking Right Hand Circularly Polarized (RHCP) and a nadir-looking Left Hand Circularly Polarized (LHCP) antenna. Each antenna is connected to a standard geodetic-type GNSS-receiver.We applied two different analysis strategies to our GNSS data set. The first strategy is based on a traditional geodetic differential analysis [Löfgren et al., 2011] and makes use of the data from both receivers; connected to the zenith and the nadir looking antennae. This approach results in local sea level that is automatically corrected for land motion, meaning that the GNSS-based tide gauge can provide reliable sea-level estimates even in tectonic active regions. The second strategy focuses on the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) recorded with the receiver connected to the zenith-looking antenna [Larson et al., 2011]. The SNR is affected by multipath originating from the sea surface reflections. Analysis of the SNR data allows to determine the distance between the antenna and the reflecting surface, and thus to measure sea surface height. Results from both analysis strategies are compared to independently observed sea-level data from two stilling-well gauges operated by the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), which lie in a distance of several km from OSO. The root-mean-square agreement between the different time series of several month's length is on the order of 5 cm and better. These results indicate the large potential for using coastal GNSS-sites for the monitoring of the coastal ocean.References:Löfgren J.S., Haas R., Scherneck H-G., Bos M.S., (2011), Three months of local sea level derived from reflected GNSS signals, Radio Science, 46 (RS0C05).Larson K., Löfgren J.S., Haas R., (2011), The GPS tide gauge problem revisited, AGU Fall Meeting, 5-9 December, San Francisco, USA, Poster.
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| 2. |
- Löfgren, Johan, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Sea Level Records from Geodetic GPS Receivers: a New Coastal Sea Level Dataset
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting, 3-7 December 2012, San Francisco.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Global sea level rise and local sea level variations due to climate change has the potential for a significant impact on coastal societies. Thus, it is of great importance to monitor and understand how the sea level is changing. Existing techniques to measure sea level have provided important insights in this field during the last decades. However, further observations are necessary in order to fully understand the underlying processes.We present the possibility of a new coastal sea level dataset based on analysis of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) data from existing permanent GPS stations at the coast. For a GPS antenna close enough to the ocean, the multipath signals, reflected off the sea surface, interfere with the direct satellite signals. This becomes especially visible as oscillations in the recorded SNR data. The analysis of the SNR oscillations provides the distance between the sea surface and the GPS antenna phase center. Thus, such an installation can be called a GPS tide gauge and can be used to monitor sea level.The advantage of a GPS tide gauge is that it allows both determination of the sea level and determination of the position with respect to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame, using a single geodetic instrument. This is particularly valuable in areas with land surface motion where the usefulness of traditional tide gauges is restricted.The technique has been verified through comparison to traditional tide gauges at two sites. The comparison of more than three months long time series resulted in correlationcoefficients of better than 0.97 for both sites. For the station with low and high tidal range, the root-mean-square agreement between the GPS results and the tide gauge records were better than 5 and 10 cm, respectively.In this presentation we show preliminary results for sea level records world wide by applying this technique to several existing permanent GPS stations.
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