| 1. |
- Hellberg, Christel, et al.
(author)
-
Evidence and evidence gaps in assessments and interventions in areas related to social work research and practice – an overview of four evidence maps : [Vetenskapligt kunskapsläge om utredning och insatser i socialt arbete och forskning –en sammanställning av fyra kartläggningar]
- 2023
-
In: European Journal of Social Work. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664. ; 26:5, s. 882-895
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This overview of four evidence maps is based on systematic reviews of assessment and interventions in social work practice. The aim was to investigate the evidence and evidence gaps within four important areas for social work research and practice. Descriptive data on search strategies and domains were collected from four evidence maps, on Social Assistance, Substance Dependence, Care for older adults respectively for persons with disabilities. The scientific quality and scientific evidence were assessed. Key findings were summarised by analyzing and discussing common and specific elements in the evidence maps. The overview was undertaken in close collaboration between researchers with expertise in the field and a government agency. The overview identified both evidence and evidence gaps with respect to effects and experiences of interventions and assessment methods in four evidence maps. Evidence maps provide a comprehensive picture of the state of social services research and can thereby be of use to both researchers and practitioners, and in the production of evidence based social work.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Ternesten-Hasséus, Ewa, 1956, et al.
(author)
-
Capsaicin sensitivity in patients with chronic cough-- results from a cross-sectional study.
- 2013
-
In: Cough (London, England). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-9974. ; 9:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A subgroup of patients with chronic cough is recognised as having airway symptoms resulting exposure to chemicals and scents related to enhanced cough sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin. Sensory hyperreactivity, which has an estimated prevalence of more than 6%, is one possible explanation for the symptoms experienced by these patients. We hypothesized that a number of patients diagnosed with chronic unexplained cough also have coughing provoked by chemical irritants associated with augmented capsaicin cough reaction, but the extent of such a relation is not known. One aim of the present study was to analyse cough sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin in patients with chronic unexplained cough. Another aim was to compare capsaicin sensitivity in individuals with chemically induced coughing (the chemical-sensitive group) to capsaicin sensitivity in those without such chemical sensitivity (non-sensitive group). METHODS: Fifty-six participants from an earlier cross-sectional study of 62 patients with chronic unexplained cough were asked to participate in this study: 33 were chemical-sensitive and 23 were non-sensitive. Each participant visited the clinic once and performed a capsaicin inhalation test with one of two inhalation devices. The number of coughs, induced airway symptoms, and spirometry results were recorded. RESULTS: Thirty-nine of the invited patients participated in the study, with 32 in the chemical-sensitive group (21 women, 11 men), and 7 in the non-sensitive group (4 women, 3 men). The chemical-sensitive patients coughed significantly more on inhaling capsaicin, and had significantly more other airway symptoms compared to those in the non-sensitive group. Women coughed significantly more than men after receiving the higher concentration of capsaicin. CONCLUSIONS: Environmental irritants often trigger chronic unexplained cough. The current findings confirm that this sensitivity is related to enhanced capsaicin cough sensitivity and indicates more involvement of airway sensory nerves in the pathophysiology of the disease than in cough without evident trigger factors.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Ahlgren, Christina, et al.
(author)
-
Engagement in New Dietary Habits : Obese Women's Experiences from Participating in a 2-Year Diet Intervention
- 2016
-
In: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 23:1, s. 84-93
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Dietary weight loss interventions most often result in weight loss, but weight maintenance on a long-term basis is the main problem in obesity treatment. There is a need for an increased understanding of the behaviour patterns involved in adopting a new dietary behavior and to maintain the behaviour over time.PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to explore overweight and obese middle-aged women's experiences of the dietary change processes when participating in a 2-year-long diet intervention.METHODS: Qualitative semi-structured interviews with 12 overweight and obese women (54-71 years) were made after their participation in a diet intervention programme. The programme was designed as a RCT study comparing a diet according to the Nordic nutrition recommendations (NNR diet) and a Palaeolithic diet (PD). Interviews were analysed according to Grounded Theory principles.RESULTS: A core category "Engagement phases in the process of a diet intervention" concluded the analysis. Four categories included the informants' experiences during different stages of the process of dietary change: "Honeymoon phase", "Everyday life phase", "It's up to you phase" and "Crossroads phase". The early part of the intervention period was called "Honeymoon phase" and was characterised by positive experiences, including perceived weight loss and extensive support. The next phases, the "Everyday life phase" and "It's up to you phase", contained the largest obstacles to change. The home environment appeared as a crucial factor, which could be decisive for maintenance of the new dietary habits or relapse into old habits in the last phase called "Crossroads phase".CONCLUSION: We identified various phases of engagement in the process of a long-term dietary intervention among middle-aged women. A clear personal goal and support from family and friends seem to be of major importance for long-term maintenance of new dietary habits. Gender relations within the household must be considered as a possible obstacle for women engaging in diet intervention.
|
|
| 7. |
- Ahlin, Gustav, et al.
(author)
-
Structural requirements for drug inhibition of the liver specific human organic cation transport protein 1
- 2008
-
In: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 51:19, s. 5932-5942
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The liver-specific organic cation transport protein (OCT1; SLC22A1) transports several cationic drugs including the antidiabetic drug metformin and the anticancer agents oxaliplatin and imatinib. In this study, we explored the chemical space of registered oral drugs with the aim of studying the inhibition pattern of OCT1 and of developing predictive computational models of OCT1 inhibition. In total, 191 structurally diverse compounds were examined in HEK293-OCT1 cells. The assay identified 47 novel inhibitors and confirmed 15 previously known inhibitors. The enrichment of OCT1 inhibitors was seen in several drug classes including antidepressants. High lipophilicity and a positive net charge were found to be the key physicochemical properties for OCT1 inhibition, whereas a high molecular dipole moment and many hydrogen bonds were negatively correlated to OCT1 inhibition. The data were used to generate OPLS-DA models for OCT1 inhibitors; the final model correctly predicted 82% of the inhibitors and 88% of the noninhibitors of the test set.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Andersson, Jonas, et al.
(author)
-
Left ventricular remodelling changes without concomitant loss of myocardial fat after long-term dietary intervention
- 2016
-
In: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 216, s. 92-96
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Accumulation of myocardial triglycerides (MTG) is associated with impaired left ventricular (LV) remodelling and function in obese and diabetic subjects. The role of MTG accumulation in development of heart failure in this group of patients is unknown. Short-term studies suggest that diets that lead to weight loss could mobilize MTG, with a favourable effect on cardiac remodelling. In a 24-month, randomized, investigator-blinded study, we assessed the effect of two different diets and subsequent weight loss on cardiac function and MTG in postmenopausal women. Methods: Sixty-eight healthy postmenopausal women with body mass index [BMI] >= 27 kg/m(2) were randomized to an ad libitum Palaeolithic diet (PD) or a Nordic Nutrition Recommendation (NNR) diet for 24 months. Morphology, cardiac function, and MTG levels were measured using magnetic resonance (MR) scanning, including proton spectroscopy at baseline and 6 and 24 months. Results: Despite mean weight losses of 4.9 (1.0) kg (NNR) and 7.8 (1.1) kg (PD), the MTG content did not change over time (p = 0.98 in the NNR and p = 0.11 in the PD group at 24 months). Reduced left ventricular mass was observed in both diet groups over 24 months. Blood pressure was reduced at 6 months, but returned to baseline levels at 24 months. End diastolic volume, stroke volume, and cardiac output decreased over time. No differences between diet groups were observed. Conclusions: Diet intervention and moderate weight loss over 24 months improved LV remodelling but did not alter MTG levels in overweight/obese postmenopausal women. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 10. |
- Arneryd, Philip, et al.
(author)
-
Fracture strength of low translucent and high translucent monolithic zirconia crowns with different thicknesses
- 2014
-
In: Swedish Dental Journal. - : Swedish Dental Association. - 0347-9994. ; 38:4, s. 195-195
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Objective. The aim of the study was to examine the fracture strength of fully anatomical monolithic high translucent Y-TZP, yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal, crowns and to compare them with monolithic low translucent Y-TZP crowns in different thicknesses. Materials and methods. 80 standardized crowns were made out of a master model resembling a first mandibular molar made in composite material; 40 crowns made of Lava Zirconia by 3M ESPE, a monolithic low translucent Y-TZP material, and 40 crowns made of Lava Plus by 3M ESPE, a monolithic high translucent Y-TZP material. In each group ten crowns of the thicknesses 1.0 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.5 mm and 0.3 mm were made. All crowns underwent thermocycling and preload to simulate aging and normal wear. Finally the specimens were placed in a testing jig and underwent load to fracture. Results. No significant difference was found when comparing the two materials. When comparing the materials in each thickness a significant difference was found in the 0.5 mm group where the high translucent YTZ-P had a higher mean fracture strength value. A significant difference was seen between the different thicknesses within both groups. The strength increased with added thicknesses. Conclusions. The low translucent and high translucent monolithic YTZ-P perform equally well. The use of high translucent monolithic Y-TZP could result in more aesthetic results and the minimal invasive preparation could lead to a reduction in biological complications. This could be beneficial for the patient since the results suggest that even a thin restoration sustains reasonable load in an in vitro environment. Clinical studies are needed to confirm this suggestion.
|
|
| 11. |
- Bakitian, Fahad, et al.
(author)
-
Effect of different semimonolithic designs on fracture resistance and fracture mode of translucent and high-translucent zirconia crowns
- 2018
-
In: Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry. - : Nakladatelstvi Lidove noviny. - 1179-1357. ; 10, s. 51-60
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe different designs of semimonolithic crowns made of translucent and high-translucent zirconia materials and to evaluate the effect on fracture resistance and fracture mode. Methods: One hundred crowns with different designs were produced and divided into five groups (n=20): monolithic (M), partially veneered monolithic (semimonolithic) with 0.3 mm buccal veneer (SM0.3), semimonolithic with 0.5 mm buccal veneer (SM0.5), semimonolithic with 0.5 mm buccal veneer supported by wave design (SMW), and semimonolithic with 0.5 mm buccal veneer supported by occlusal cap design (SMC). Each group was divided into two subgroups (n=10) according to the materials used, translucent and high-translucent zirconia. All crowns underwent artificial aging before loading until fracture. Fracture mode analysis was performed. Fracture loads and fracture modes were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Fisher’s exact probability tests (P≤0.05). Results: SM0.3 design showed highest fracture loads with no significant difference compared to M and SMW designs (P>0.05). SM0.5 design showed lower fracture loads compared to SMW and SWC designs. Crowns made of translucent zirconia showed higher fracture loads compared to those made of high-translucent zirconia. M, SM0.3, and all but one of the SMC crowns showed complete fractures with significant differences in fracture mode compared to SMW and SM0.5 crowns with cohesive veneer fractures (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Translucent and high-translucent zirconia crowns might be used in combination with 0.3 mm microcoating porcelain layer with semimonolithic design to enhance the esthetic properties of restorations without significantly decreasing fracture resistance of the crowns. If 0.5 mm porcelain layer is needed for a semimonolithic crown, wave design or cap design might be used to increase fracture resistance. In both cases, fracture resistance gained is likely to be clinically sufficient as the registered fracture loads were high in relation to expected loads under clinical use.
|
|
| 12. |
- Bakitian, Fahad, et al.
(author)
-
Evaluation of Stress Distribution in Tooth-Supported Fixed Dental Prostheses Made of Translucent Zirconia with Variations in Framework Designs : A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis
- 2020
-
In: Journal of Prosthodontics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1059-941X .- 1532-849X. ; 29:4, s. 315-322
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose To evaluate the influence of the framework designs on the stress distribution within tooth-supported partially veneered fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) made of translucent zirconia under simulated loads using a three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D-FEA). Material and Methods For a linear 3D-FEA, simplified 3D solid models of prepared abutment teeth (first premolar and first molar) with different 3-unit FDPs were created. The models with different FDP designs-monolithic zirconia (control); semi-monolithic zirconia with 0.3 mm veneer thickness (SM0.3); semi-monolithic zirconia with 0.5 mm veneer thickness (SM0.5); semi-monolithic zirconia with 0.5 mm veneer thickness supported with cap design (SMC), and semi-monolithic zirconia with 0.5 mm veneer thickness supported with wave design (SMW)-were analyzed using 3D-FEA. The elastic properties of the components (bone, dentine, cement, translucent zirconia, and veneering porcelain) were obtained from the published data for FEA. Simulated static loading forces (300 N) were applied at 10 degrees oblique direction over six points in the occlusal surfaces of the FDPs. Maximum principal stress, shear stress, and safety factor were calculated and analyzed among the different models. Results Semi-monolithic with cap design showed the smallest maximum principal stress levels in the veneering porcelain compared to all other models (SM0.3, SM0.5, SMW). The SM0.3 had lower maximum principal stress levels in the veneering porcelain compared to SM0.5. Regarding stresses in the zirconia framework, all models had comparable results in maximum principal tensile stresses, except SMW had a lower value. Maximum principal stress levels were located in the veneer component of SM0.3, SM0.5, and SMW, whereas, such levels were observed in the cervical areas of the zirconia frameworks of SMC and control. The SM0.3 had the highest maximum shear stress levels at the zirconia-veneer interface, while SMW had the lowest shear values. The 3D-FEA models with different FDP designs showed different minimum safety factor levels. Conclusions Framework and veneer designs play a significant role in the stress distribution of the partially veneered zirconia FDPs under loading. The FDPs with zirconia frameworks with cap design minimize the maximum principal tensile stress in the veneering porcelain. The FDPs with 0.3-mm-veneering porcelain show low maximum principal tensile stress in the veneering porcelain, but highest maximum shear stress at the zirconia-veneer interface. The FDPs with wave design of zirconia frameworks minimize the maximum shear stress considerably.
|
|
| 13. |
- Bakitian, Fahad, et al.
(author)
-
Fracture strength of veneered translucent zirconium dioxide crowns with different porcelain thicknesses.
- 2017
-
In: Acta Biomaterialia Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2333-7931. ; 3:1, s. 74-83
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract Objective: To evaluate fracture strength of veneered translucent zirconium dioxide crowns designed with different porcelain layer thicknesses. Materials and Methods: Sixty crowns, divided into six groups of 10, were used in this study. Groups were divided according to different thicknesses of porcelain veneer on translucent zirconium dioxide cores of equal thickness (0.5 mm). Porcelain thicknesses were 2.5, 2.0, 1.0, 0.8, 0.5 and 0.3 mm. Crowns were artificially aged before loaded to fracture. Determination of fracture mode was performed using light microscope. Results: Group 1.0 mm showed significantly (p ≤ .05) highest fracture loads (mean 1540 N) in comparison with groups 2.5, 2.0 and 0.3 mm (mean 851, 910 and 1202 N). There was no significant difference (p>.05) in fracture loads among groups 1.0, 0.8 and 0.5 mm (mean 1540, 1313 and 1286 N). There were significantly (p ≤ .05) more complete fractures in group 0.3 mm compared to all other groups which presented mainly cohesive fractures. Conclusions: Translucent zirconium dioxide crowns can be veneered with minimal thickness layer of 0.5 mm porcelain without showing significantly reduced fracture strength compared to traditionally veneered (1.0–2.0 mm) crowns. Fracture strength of micro-veneered crowns with a layer of porcelain (0.3 mm) is lower than that of traditionally veneered crowns but still within range of what may be considered clinically sufficient. Porcelain layers of 2.0 mm or thicker should be used where expected loads are low only.
|
|
| 14. |
- Bakitian, Fahad, et al.
(author)
-
Load-Bearing Capacity of Monolithic Zirconia Fixed Dental Prostheses Fabricated with Different Connector Designs and Embrasure Shaping Methods
- 2019
-
In: Journal of Prosthodontics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1059-941X .- 1532-849X. ; 28:1, s. 64-70
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim> To investigate the load-bearing capacity and failure mode of monolithic zirconia fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) fabricated with different connector designs and embrasure shaping methods. Materials and methods> Seventy 4-unit zirconia FDPs (with 2 premolar pontics) were fabricated and divided into 7 groups (n = 10) according to the different connector designs gained by using different embrasure shaping methods. The groups were as follows: monolithic FDPs fabricated with sharp embrasures, monolithic FDPs fabricated with blunt embrasures, monolithic FDPs fabricated with blunt embrasures and no occlusal embrasures, 2 groups of monolithic FDPs fabricated with blunt embrasures and interproximal separations made with diamond discs at the soft stage and at the fully sintered stage, and monolithic FDPs fabricated with blunt embrasures and interproximal separation accentuated by localized porcelain build-up. A final group of fully veneered traditional zirconia FDPs to be used as a control group were fabricated with default milling settings. The FDPs were artificially aged and loaded to fracture. Load to fracture and failure modes were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA, Tukey post-hoc test, and Fisher exact test (α = 0.05). Results> The FDPs fabricated with interproximal porcelain separation showed significantly the highest load to fracture (1038 N ± 82) of all groups (p < 0.001), with no significant difference compared to the FDPs with no occlusal embrasures (934 N ± 175) (p ˃ 0.29). The FDPs fabricated with blunt embrasures showed significantly higher load to fracture (873 N ± 115) compared to the FDPs in control group (689 N ± 75) and the FDPs with sharp embrasures (417 N ± 87) (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the FDPs with sharp embrasures (417 N ± 87) and the FDPs with interproximal discs separations (467 N ± 94; p ˃ 0.23). Failure mode of the FDPs fabricated with sharp embrasures and interproximal discs separations differed significantly compared to the FDPs in the other groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions> Sharp embrasures and interproximal separations made with diamond discs significantly decrease the load-bearing capacity of monolithic zirconia FDPs compared to FDPs made with blunt embrasures. Blunt embrasures in combination with localized porcelain build-up produce FDPs with high load-bearing capacity in relation to loads that might be expected under clinical use. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 15. |
- Berg, Christina, 1963, et al.
(author)
-
Dieting, body weight concerns and health: trends and associations in Swedish schoolchildren.
- 2020
-
In: BMC public health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 20:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dieting is a risk factor of both eating disorders and obesity. The aim was to examine time trends of dieting in Swedish adolescents, and explore how dieting and body weight dissatisfaction are related to self-reported health, wellbeing and health behaviours.Analyses of cross-sectional Swedish data from HBSC (Health Behaviour in School-aged Children) surveys 1994-2014. In total, about 30,000 girls and boys in the age of 11, 13 and 15years participated. Data was collected by using classroom administered questionnaires in 5th, 7th and 9th grade. Logistic regressions was used to analyse secular trends of dieting, and how dieting and body dissatisfaction were associated with self-reported overall health, health behaviours, BMI and various physical, psychological and social aspects of health in 2014.Dieting increased from 1994 to 2014 in both girls and boys in all age groups, and in 2014, the prevalence was 14% in girls and 8% in boys. The prevalence of body satisfaction was 65% respectively 69%. Body weight dissatisfaction and dieting were present in all body weight classes and were associated with self-reported poor health and many other negative health aspects. In comparison with the participants that were satisfied with their body weight the odds ratio (95% CI) for self-reported poor health was 3.4 (2.6-4.4) in dieters, 4.9 (3.8-6.4) in participants who perceived a need to lose weight and 2.1 (1.5-2.8) in those who perceived a need to gain weight, when adjusting for age, sex and body weight class.When promoting health among school age children body weight dissatisfaction and dieting ought to be considered. Furthermore, it is important to support girls and boys in all weight classes to reach and maintain a healthy body image and weight.
|
|
| 16. |
- Berg, Christina, 1963, et al.
(author)
-
Livsmedel och kostmönster
- 2021
-
In: Näringslära för högskolan. - : Liber. - 9789147131075
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Berg, Staffan, et al.
(author)
-
Evaluation in pig of an intestinal administration device for oral peptide delivery
- 2023
-
In: Journal of Controlled Release. - : Elsevier. - 0168-3659 .- 1873-4995. ; 353, s. 792-801
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The bioavailability of peptides co-delivered with permeation enhancers following oral administration remains low and highly variable. Two factors that may contribute to this are the dilution of the permeation enhancer in the intestinal fluid, as well as spreading of the released permeation enhancer and peptide in the lumen by intestinal motility. In this work we evaluated an Intestinal Administration Device (IAD) designed to reduce the luminal dilution of drug and permeation enhancer, and to minimize movement of the dosage form in the intestinal lumen. To achieve this, the IAD utilizes an expanding design that holds immediate release mini tablets and places these in contact with the intestinal epithelium, where unidirectional drug release can occur. The expanding conformation limits movement of the IAD in the intestinal tract, thereby enabling drug release at a single focal point in the intestine. A pig model was selected to study the ability of the IAD to promote intestinal absorption of the peptide MEDI7219 formulated together with the permeation enhancer sodium caprate. We compared the IAD to intestinally administered enteric coated capsules and an intestinally administered solution. The IAD restricted movement of the immediate release tablets in the small intestine and histological evaluation of the mucosa indicated that high concentrations of sodium caprate were achieved. Despite significant effect of the permeation enhancer on the integrity of the intestinal epithelium, the bioavailability of MEDI7219 was of the same order of magnitude as that achieved with the solution and enteric coated capsule formulations (2.5–3.8%). The variability in plasma concentrations of MEDI7219 were however lower when delivered using the IAD as compared to the solution and enteric coated capsule formulations. This suggests that dosage forms that can limit intestinal dilution and control the position of drug release can be a way to reduce the absorptive variability of peptides delivered with permeation enhancers but do not offer significant benefits in terms of increasing bioavailability.
|
|
| 19. |
- Bergström, Christel A S, 1973-, et al.
(author)
-
Computational prediction of drug solubility in water-based systems : qualitative and quantitative approaches used in the current drug discovery and development setting
- 2018
-
In: International Journal of Pharmaceutics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-5173 .- 1873-3476. ; 540:1-2, s. 185-193
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this review we will discuss recent advances in computational prediction of solubility in water-based solvents. Our focus is set on recent advances in predictions of biorelevant solubility in media mimicking the human intestinal fluids and on new methods to predict the thermodynamic cycle rather than prediction of solubility in pure water through quantitative structure property relationships (QSPR). While the literature is rich in QSPR models for both solubility and melting point, a physicochemical property strongly linked to the solubility, recent advances in the modelling of these properties make use of theory and computational simulations to better predict these properties or processes involved therein (e.g. solid state crystal lattice packing, dissociation of molecules from the lattice and solvation). This review serves to provide an update on these new approaches and how they can be used to more accurately predict solubility, and also importantly, inform us on molecular interactions and processes occurring during drug dissolution and solubilisation.
|
|
| 20. |
- Bergvall, Hanna, et al.
(author)
-
Gender differences in self-assessment among dental students at an ”Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE).
- 2014
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Objective: The objective of this study was to compare dental student’s real/practical results at an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) with their self-assessed results. These results were compared depending on gender. Introduction: There are several studies published comparing differences in self-assessment between women and men in theoretical exams. However, knowledge is lacking in regards to clinical examinations. At theoretical examinations, it has been found that men tend to over-estimate their performance more frequently than women do. Whether these differences in self-assessment exist because men tend to over-estimate themselves, women tend to under-estimate themselves, a combination of both or that self-assessments actually are consistent with the results at the examination, vary between different studies. Materials and methods: All students (35 women and 16 men) at the sixth semester at Malmö Dental School were examined with an OSCE with 13 stations. The student’s real results at OSCE were compared with their self-assessment at each station. The assessments were compared regarding gender. Results: At most of the 13 stations there were no significant differences in over- and under-estimation regarding women and men. It was more difficult for men to assess their performance regarding impression with alginate. These misjudgments were mainly caused by over-estimation. There were no results indicating that women under-estimate their performance at greater extent than men. Conclusion: Contrary to studies where gender differences concerning self-assessment in theoretical examinations are observed, the present study found no significant differences in over- and under-estimation between women and men.
|
|
| 21. |
- Blomquist, Caroline, et al.
(author)
-
Attenuated Low-Grade Inflammation Following Long-Term Dietary Intervention in Postmenopausal Women with Obesity
- 2017
-
In: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 25:5, s. 892-900
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ObjectiveAbdominal fat accumulation after menopause is associated with low-grade inflammation and increased risk of metabolic disorders. Effective long-term lifestyle treatment is therefore needed. MethodsSeventy healthy postmenopausal women (age 605.6 years) with BMI 32.55.5 were randomized to a Paleolithic-type diet (PD) or a prudent control diet (CD) for 24 months. Blood samples and fat biopsies were collected at baseline, 6 months, and 24 months to analyze inflammation-related parameters. ResultsAndroid fat decreased significantly more in the PD group (P=0.009) during the first 6 months with weight maintenance at 24 months in both groups. Long-term significant effects (P<0.001) on adipose gene expression were found for toll-like receptor 4 (decreased at 24 months) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (increased at 24 months) in both groups. Serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor levels were decreased at 24 months in both groups (P<0.001) with a significant diet-by-time interaction for serum IL-6 (P=0.022). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein was decreased in the PD group at 24 months (P=0.001). ConclusionsA reduction of abdominal obesity in postmenopausal women is linked to specific changes in inflammation-related adipose gene expression.
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Blomquist, Caroline, et al.
(author)
-
Decreased lipogenesis-promoting factors in adipose tissue in postmenopausal women with overweight on a Paleolithic-type diet
- 2018
-
In: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 57:8, s. 2877-2886
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: We studied effects of diet-induced postmenopausal weight loss on gene expression and activity of proteins involved in lipogenesis and lipolysis in adipose tissue.Methods: Fifty-eight postmenopausal women with overweight (BMI 32.5 ± 5.5) were randomized to eat an ad libitum Paleolithic-type diet (PD) aiming for a high intake of protein and unsaturated fatty acids or a prudent control diet (CD) for 24 months. Anthropometry, plasma adipokines, gene expression of proteins involved in fat metabolism in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and mass in SAT were measured at baseline and after 6 months. LPL mass and activity were also measured after 24 months.Results: The PD led to improved insulin sensitivity (P < 0.01) and decreased circulating triglycerides (P < 0.001), lipogenesis-related factors, including LPL mRNA (P < 0.05), mass (P < 0.01), and activity (P < 0.001); as well as gene expressions of CD36 (P < 0.05), fatty acid synthase, FAS (P < 0.001) and diglyceride acyltransferase 2, DGAT2 (P < 0.001). The LPL activity (P < 0.05) and gene expression of DGAT2 (P < 0.05) and FAS (P < 0.05) were significantly lowered in the PD group versus the CD group at 6 months and the LPL activity (P < 0.05) remained significantly lowered in the PD group compared to the CD group at 24 months.Conclusions: Compared to the CD, the PD led to a more pronounced reduction of lipogenesis-promoting factors in SAT among postmenopausal women with overweight. This could have mediated the favorable metabolic effects of the PD on triglyceride levels and insulin sensitivity.
|
|
| 24. |
- Blomquist, Caroline, 1966-, et al.
(author)
-
Long-term effects of a Paleolithic diet on plasma fatty acid composition in postmenopausal women with obesity : a randomized trial
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: A Paleolithic-type diet (PD) can improve cardiometabolic risk factors, but its impact on plasma fatty acid (FA) composition is unknown. We hypothesized that a PD improves dietary fat quality and FA metabolism, which may help counteract obesity-related metabolic dysfunction. Objective: The current study investigated the impact of a PD on biomarkers of dietary fat quality and indices of FA desaturation and de novo lipogenesis compared with a prudent control diet (CD).Design: This randomized 2-year trial included 70 women (mean ± SD age 60 ± 5.6 years, BMI 33 ± 3.4). The PD was rich in fish and vegetable fats but devoid of dairy products and lower in carbohydrates than the CD advised to follow the Nordic Nutrition recommendations. FA composition of plasma cholesterol esters (CE) was assessed using gas chromatography, desaturase activities estimated by product-to-precursor FA ratios, and dietary intake measured by 4-day food records at baseline and after 6 and 24 months.Results: Saturated fat (P=0.009) and carbohydrate (P<0.001) intake was lower, whereas polyunsaturated (PUFA), monounsaturated FA, and protein intake were higher at 24 after PD versus CD (all P<0.001). Changes in plasma FA composition during PD compared to CD suggested that saturated FAs from dairy foods were partly replaced with PUFAs from fish and vegetable sources. Although comparable BMI, energy intake, and physical activity were found at 24 months with both diets, metabolic markers and desaturase activity indices, including 16:0 (P=0.005), 16:1n-7 (P=0.002), 20:3n-6 (P=0.004), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD-1) (P=0.006), lipogenic index (P<0.001), and the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (P=0.031), were lower after 24 months of PD versus CD.Conclusions: The PD had long-term effects on dietary fat quality intake and plasma FA composition, changes previously linked to improved cardiometabolic health. The results may suggest an anti-lipogenic effect of PD, possibly contributing to improved dyslipidemia.
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
- Boraxbekk, Carl-Johan, 1980-, et al.
(author)
-
Diet-Induced Weight Loss Alters Functional Brain Responses during an Episodic Memory Task
- 2015
-
In: Obesity Facts. - : S. Karger AG. - 1662-4025 .- 1662-4033. ; 8:4, s. 261-272
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: It has been suggested that overweight is negatively associated with cognitive functions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a reduction in body weight by dietary interventions could improve episodic memory performance and alter associated functional brain responses in overweight and obese women. Methods: 20 overweight postmenopausal women were randomized to either a modified paleolithic diet or a standard diet adhering to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations for 6 months. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine brain function during an episodic memory task as well as anthropometric and biochemical data before and after the interventions. Results: Episodic memory performance improved significantly (p = 0.010) after the dietary interventions. Concomitantly, brain activity increased in the anterior part of the right hippocampus during memory encoding, without differences between diets. This was associated with decreased levels of plasma free fatty acids (FFA). Brain activity increased in pre-frontal cortex and superior/middle temporal gyri. The magnitude of increase correlated with waist circumference reduction. During episodic retrieval, brain activity decreased in inferior and middle frontal gyri, and increased in middle/superior temporal gyri. Conclusions: Diet induced weight loss, associated with decreased levels of plasma FFA, improves episodic memory linked to increased hippocampal activity. (C) 2015 S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg
|
|
| 27. |
- Borg, Marcus, et al.
(author)
-
Titanium- and zirconia-based implant-supported fixed dental prostheses. A randomized, prospective clinical pilot trial
- 2014
-
In: Swedish Dental Journal. - : Sveriges tandläkarförbund. - 0347-9994. ; 38:1, s. 23-30
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Målsättningen med studien var att jämföra implantat-stödda partiella broar av titan-porslin respektive yttria-stabiliserad zirkoniumdioxid med ytporslin. Sexton patienter fick sammanlagt 18 broar; 8 av titan-porslin och 10 av yttria-stabiliserad zirkoniumdioxid-porslin. Broarna fördelades randomiserat till respektive material-grupp. Patienterna följdes upp och kontrollerades en första gång efter 3 månader och därefter en gång per år. Ett bedömningsprotokoll baserat på California Dental Association (CDA) kriterier användes. Alla patienter genomförde kontrollbesöken. Genomsnittlig uppföljningstid var 15,2 månader (12-24 månader). Alla konstruktioner var i funktion vid uppföljning och alla patienter var nöjda med behandlingen. Inga tekniska komplikationer noterades i någon av grupperna. Biologiska komplikationer av ringa betydelse, plack och/eller mucosit, som inte påverkade konstruktionernas överlevnad noterades vid 6 av titan-keramik broarna och 2 av zirkonia-porslins broarna. Skillnaden var inte statistiskt signifikant. Sammanfattningsvis kan vi i denna studie konstatera att båda materialen fungerade jämförbart. Data från denna studie antyder att implantat-stödda partiella broar av titan-porslin respektive zirkoniumdioxid med ytporslin uppvisar goda resultat över kort sikt. Studier med fler patienter och längre uppföljningstid rekommenderas emellertid innan definitiva slutsatser kan dras.
|
|
| 28. |
- Brämerson, Annika, 1960, et al.
(author)
-
Event-related potentials in patients with olfactory loss.
- 2008
-
In: Acta oto-laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2251 .- 0001-6489. ; 128:10, s. 1126-31
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- CONCLUSION: The olfactory event-related potential (OERP) method provides a means of objectively assessing olfactory function. However, further validation is needed before OERPs can be routinely applied in clinical assessment of olfactory dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: To assess OERPs in patients with olfactory impairment and in healthy controls to investigate possible dose-response effects of odor concentration on OERP parameters in these groups, thereby exploring possibilities and limitations regarding the clinical utility of the OERP method. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients with a history of impaired olfactory function and 24 controls participated in the study. Olfactory function was assessed with psychophysical tests, i.e. assessment of the odor threshold, and odor identification. OERPs were obtained in response to the olfactory stimulant butanol at two different concentrations, presented via an olfactometer. RESULTS: The OERP amplitudes increased and the latencies shortened with increasing stimulus concentration. Furthermore, a difference between the groups was found, with higher OERP amplitudes and shorter latencies in healthy subjects compared with patients.
|
|
| 29. |
- Burton, Melissa, et al.
(author)
-
Enough time for lunch? The duration and governance of lunch eating times in Australian primary schools: A mixed-methods study.
- 2021
-
In: Appetite. - : Elsevier BV. - 0195-6663 .- 1095-8304. ; 169:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Developing healthy eating behaviours is important to assist children in maintaining good health and decrease the risk of chronic health conditions. Recent nutrition promotion efforts in Australian primary schools have mainly focused on canteen guideline compliance and obesity prevention interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate the primary school food environment, specifically, allocated lunch eating duration and the governance of children's lunch breaks. Parents (n=402) and teachers (n=123) were asked via an online survey, about school allocated lunch eating duration and its adequacy. Respondents were asked about the supervision, monitoring and feedback of children's lunches, as well as how they felt about these practices. Parents (n=308) and teachers (n=102) also responded to the open-ended question "What could be done to improve the school food environment at your school?". Ten minutes was the allocated lunch eating duration reported by most parents and teachers and 58% of those parents and 30% of those teachers rated this as inadequate. Increasing the allocated lunch eating duration was frequently cited as a way to improve the school food environment. A similar proportion of parents and teachers agreed with teachers monitoring food intake, not providing feedback on food brought to school, and that parents should decide what children eat. More parents (44%) than teachers (23%) believed that teachers should eat their own lunch with the children. These findings provide an insight into the primary school lunch environment and the views of two key stakeholder groups. School food policies should consider these findings in future revisions, particularly with regards to eating times.
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
- Bäcklund, Catharina, 1971-, et al.
(author)
-
Effect of a 1-year lifestyle intervention on physical activity in overweight and obese children
- 2011
-
In: Advances in Physiotherapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1403-8196 .- 1651-1948. ; 13:3, s. 87-96
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study evaluated the effect of a family-based multifactor intervention programme on physical activity among overweight or obese children. Children (n = 105, mean age 10.6 ± 1.07 years) with overweight or obesity were randomized into an intervention or control group. The intervention group participated in a 1-year programme aiming at lifestyle changes regarding food habits and physical activity. All children's physical activity was measured using SenseWear Armband at baseline and after 1 year. The children in both groups had a physical activity level (PAL) of 1.67 (0.27) at baseline. When comparing the intervention and control groups, no significant differences were found in physical activity outcome variables after 1 year of intervention. Contrarily to the hypotheses, both groups decreased their energy expenditure and time spent at >3 MET, and there was no change in steps and screen time after 1 year. Despite extensive efforts, the intervention showed no significant positive effect on overweight and obese children's PAL. Further studies are needed to obtain more knowledge on how to maintain or increase the PAL successfully among overweight and obese children.Read More: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/14038196.2011.566353
|
|
| 32. |
- Bäcklund, Catharina, 1971-, et al.
(author)
-
Effects on physical activity of a 2-year lifestyle intervention in overweight and obese children
- 2011
-
In: Advances in Physiotherapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1403-8196 .- 1651-1948. ; 13:3, s. 97-109
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim was to examine the effect on physical activity of a 2-year family-based lifestyle intervention among overweight and obese Swedish children 8–12 years of age; 105 children were randomized to either intervention or control group. The intervention group was offered a 2-year lifestyle programme. Physical activity was measured using SenseWear Pro2 Armband during 4 consecutive days before and after the intervention. When comparing the intervention and control groups, no significant differences were found in the physical activity outcome variables after 2 years of intervention. However, the intervention group decreased their number of steps per day by 13%, p = 0.003 but had an unchanged screen time, whereas the control group had an unchanged number of steps but increased their screen time by 15%, p = 0.02, from baseline to 2-year measurement. There were no significant change in the intervention group, whereas significantly fewer children in the control group achieved the physical activity recommendations at 2-year measurement (88%) compared with at baseline (98%), p = 0.007. Future interventions regarding physical activity among overweight and obese children are of great importance even though the present one showed limited effects. In the continuing work, a greater effect may be received with an extended and more intense intervention regarding physical activity, focusing on reducing sedentary time rather than increasing the physical activity level.Read More: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/14038196.2011.562540
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
- Bäcklund, Catharina, 1971-, et al.
(author)
-
Problems in enhancing physical activity among overweight and obese children
- 2010
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Physical inactivity is regarded as one of the main factors that have contributed to the rapid increase in prevalence of childhood obesity in recent decades. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether participation in a family-based multifactor intervention program could increase physical activity among overweight and obese children.Methods: 105 children, mean age 10.5 years (SD±1.09), with overweight and obesity living in northern Sweden were recruited and randomized into an intervention or control group. The intervention group was invited to participate in a program aiming at improving lifestyle regarding food habits and physical activity. The children’s physical activity was measured during 4 days at baseline and after 1 year with SenseWear Armband.Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups neither at either baseline or 1 year, regarding energy expenditure, steps/day, time being sedentary (< 3 MET), and time being active at different MET-levels. For all children, time being active ≥ 3 MET significantly decreased with 44.5 (111) min/d from baseline to 1-year. Despite the decrease in physical activity, the children were physically active ≥ 3 MET during 4.1 (1.6) h/d at 1-year.Conclusion: Physical activity decreased with increased age among overweight and obese children, despite extensive effort of intervention. To make future interventions worthwhile it is important to consider the participant’s physical activity level before entering the study, when planning and setting up the intervention program; to comprise the participant’s individual goals regarding physical activity; and to focus specifically on decreasing time being sedentary.
|
|
| 35. |
- Bäcklund, Catharina, 1971-
(author)
-
Promoting physical activity among overweight and obese children : Effects of a family-based lifestyle intervention on physical activity and metabolic markers
- 2010
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background Overweight and obesity in childhood is associated with physical, psychological and social consequences. Physical inactivity is regarded as one of the main factors that have contributed to the increase in childhood obesity through out the world. Overweight and obesity as well as physical activity level are shown to track from childhood to adolescence and adulthood, thereby influencing not only the current health status but also long-term health. The general purpose of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of a 2-year family-based lifestyle intervention on physical activity and metabolic health among children with overweight and obesity. Methods Children with overweight or obesity living in northern Sweden were recruited to the study. In total 105 children, mean age 10.5 years (SD±1.09), were randomized into either an intervention or a control group. The intervention group was offered as a 2-year family-based lifestyle intervention; the 1st year consisted of 14 group sessions and during the 2nd year the intervention was web-based. The control group did not participate in any intervention sessions, but performed all measurements. Physical activity was measured in all children using SenseWear Pro2 Armband (SWA) during 4 consecutive days before, in the middle and after the intervention, data regarding anthropometrics and blood values were collected in the same periods. Twenty-two of the children wore SWA during 14 days before the intervention in order to validate energy expenditure (EE) estimated by SWA against EE measured with double labelled water. Results The SWA, together with software version 5.1, proved to be a valid device to accurately estimate EE at group level of overweight and obese children. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups neither before nor after the intervention regarding physical activity and screen-time. All children significantly decreased their time being active ≥3 METs during the study period. After the study period, significantly fewer in the control group achieved the national physical activity recommendation, and they had significantly increased their screen-time. However, these changes were not seen within the intervention group. The intervention group had a significantly lower apolipoprotein B/A1 compared to the control group at 1-year measurement; no other significant differences were found regarding metabolic markers. No statistical difference was found between the groups regarding body mass index after the 2-year study period. Conclusion Even though a comprehensive program, the 2-year family-based lifestyle intervention had limited effects on physical activity and metabolic health in overweight and obese children. SWA is a device that can be used in future studies to measure energy expenditure among free-living overweight or obese children.
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
- Bäcklund, Catharina, 1971-, et al.
(author)
-
Validity of an armband measuring energy expenditure in overweight and obese children
- 2010
-
In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - : The American College of Sports Medicine. - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 42:6, s. 1154-1161
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To examine the ability of the SenseWear Pro2 Armband (SWA) to accurately assess energy expenditure in free-living overweight or obese children during a two-week period, by comparison with energy expenditure measured using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. A second aim was to examine which software version, Innerview Professional 5.1 or Sensewear Professional 6.0, are the most appropriate for use together with SWA in overweight and obese children. Method: A random sample of 22 healthy, overweight or obese children (11 girls and 11 boys) aged 8-11 years was recruited from an ongoing intervention study. Energy expenditure in free-living conditions was simultaneously assessed with the SWA and DLW methods during a 14-day period. All data from the SWA were analyzed using InnerView Professional software versions 5.1 (SWA 5.1) and 6.1 (SWA 6.1). Results: An accurate estimation in energy expenditure was obtained when SWA 5.1 was used, showing a non-statistically significant difference corresponding to 17 (1200) kJ[middle dot]d-1 compared with the energy expenditure measured using the DLW method. However, when SWA 6.1 was used a statistically significant (18%) underestimation of energy expenditure was obtained, corresponding to 1962 (1034) kJ[middle dot]d-1 compared with the DLW method. Conclusion: The SWA together with software version 5.1, but not 6.1, is a valid method for accurately measuring energy expenditure at group level of free-living overweight and obese children.
|
|
| 39. |
- Bäcklund, Catharina, 1971-, et al.
(author)
-
Validity of measured energy expenditure in overweight and obese children when using Inner View Professional software v5.1 and 6.1 together with SenseWear Pro2 Armband
- 2009
-
In: 7th International Conference on Diet and Activity Methods.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim was to investigate the validity of SenseWear Pro2 Armband (SWA) when assessing energy expenditure of overweight and obese children. A random selection of 22 children with an isoBMI>25 were recruited from 8-11 year olds participating in an intervention study. Energy expenditure in free-living condition was assessed during 14 days by using SWA. The armband was worn 24h/d, and removed only for water activities. Total energy expenditure was measured with double labelled water (DLW) method during the same period covered by SWA. During the data collection, an updated version of the software used by SWA was released and data were analysed with both software version. The validity when using software version 5.1 (SWA5.1) and 6.1 (SWA6.1) was investigated by comparison with measured energy expenditure by DLW method. In total, 11 girls and 11 boys with mean age of 10.3±0.99 years and isoBMI 22.8±0.62 participated. The average wearing time of SWA was 12 days (range 7-14) and 23.3 h/day (range 18.8-24.0). There was no statistically significant difference in mean physical activity level (PAL) by SWA5.1 compared by DLW-method. A minor non-significant underestimation of energy expenditure 0.02±1.20 MJ/day (95%CI -0.55,0.52) measured by SWA5.1 compared with DLW-method was shown. However, the children's PAL according to SWA6.1 was 1.37 compared with 1.68 according to DLW method. When assessed by SWA6.1 there was a significant underestimation of energy expenditure by 1.96±1.03MJ/day (95%CI-2.42,-1.50) compared with DLW-method. The differences between SWA5.1 andSWA6.1 may be partly explained bya statistically significant difference in the amount of time the two software versions have registered time spent on different activity levels (MET<3, MET3-<6, MET6-<9, MET≥9). When comparing time spent on sedentary activities (MET<3) significantly less time was assessed by SWA5.1 compared with SWA6.1, 18±2.1 h/d and 20±2.4 h/d respectively. These differences became more apparent at higher METs. A significantly longer time spent on activities with MET≥9, was assessed by SWA5.1 compared with SWA6.1, 11±26 min/d and 2.5±5.3 min/d respectively. In conclusion, the SWA with software v 5.1, but not with software v 6.1, is a valid device to accurately measure energy expenditure at group level in overweight and obese children during free-living condition.
|
|
| 40. |
- Calvén, Anna, et al.
(author)
-
Adolescents' attitudes, preferences and perceived behaviours regarding healthy eating and whole grains from a gender and health interest perspective
- 2023
-
In: Food & Nutrition Research. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 67:8988, s. 1-15
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: A healthy diet is important not only for the growth and development of the human body but also for the prevention of chronic diseases. However, most Swedish adolescents do not follow dietary recommendations, especially the intake of whole grain is very low. To create targeted conditions for healthy food choices amongst adolescents, comprehensive knowledge of factors related to adolescents' unhealthy and healthy eating is needed. Objective: To investigate adolescents' attitudes, preferences and perceived behaviours regarding healthy eating, with a specific focus on whole grains and to evaluate differences between genders and between adolescents with higher versus lower health interest. Design: A total of 1,178 Swedish adolescents responded to a questionnaire about their attitudes, preferences and perceived behabviours towards healthy eating and whole grains, and their general interest in nutrition and health.Results of girls and boys were compared, as well as adolescents with a higher versus lower health interest. Results: Displays information about healthy eating among adolescents and a comprehensive set of factors that may affect their ability to eat healthier. Overall, adolescents had a positive attitude towards food and health, but less than half felt that they managed to eat healthy. The consumption of different whole grain products was low, although the willingness to eat healthier and more whole grain was high. The most reported barrier to healthy eating, as well as increasing whole grain intake, was the unavailability of tasty healthy products, taste being even more important for adolescents with a low health interest than those with a high interest. Whole grain consumption and factors increasing the willingness of whole grain consumption were most prominent not only in adolescents with high health interest but also in girls compared with boys. Conclusion: The results show good potential to improve dietary habits amongst adolescents. Taste and availability of healthy products were rated the most important, whilst knowledge about the products' healthiness was rated the least important, especially amongst those with low health interest. By focusing on the attitudes and preferences of adolescents, the effectiveness may increase of initiatives to improve their dietary habits.
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
- Chorell, Elin, 1981-, et al.
(author)
-
Plasma metabolomic response to postmenopausal weight loss induced by different diets
- 2016
-
In: Metabolomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-3882 .- 1573-3890. ; 12:5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Menopause is associated with increased abdominal fat and increased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Objectives The present study evaluated the plasma metabolic response in relation to insulin sensitivity after weight loss via diet intervention. Methods This work includes two studies; i) Ten women on a 5 weeks Paleolithic-type diet (PD, 30 energy percent (E%) protein, 40 E% fat, 30 E% carbohydrates), ii) 55 women on 6 months of either PD or Nordic Nutrition Recommendations diet (NNR, 15 E% protein, 30 E% fat, and 55 E% carbohydrates). Plasma metabolic profiles were acquired at baseline and post diet using gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry and investigated in relation to insulin sensitivity using multivariate bioinformatics. Results Both the PD and NNR diet resulted in significant weight loss, reduced waist circumference, improved serum lipid profiles, and improved insulin sensitivity. We detected a baseline metabolic profile that correlated significantly with insulin sensitivity, and of which components increased significantly in the PD group compared to NNR. Specifically, a significant increase in myo-inositol (MI), a second messenger of insulin action, and beta-hydroxybutyric acid (beta-HB)increased while dihomogamma-linoleic acid (DGLA) decreased in PD compared to NNR, which correlated with improved insulin sensitivity. We also detected a significant decrease in tyrosine and tryptophan, potential markers of insulin resistance when elevated in the circulation, with the PD but not the NNR. Conclusions Using metabolomics, we detected changes in the plasma metabolite profiles associated with weight loss in postmenopausal women by different diets. The metabolic profiles following 6 months of PD were linked to beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity compared to NNR.
|
|
| 43. |
- Chrcanovic, Bruno Ramos, et al.
(author)
-
Analysis of technical complications and risk factors for failure of combined tooth-implant-supported fixed dental prostheses
- 2020
-
In: Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1523-0899 .- 1708-8208. ; 22:4, s. 523-532
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The oral rehabilitation with fixed restorations supported by the combination of teeth and dental implants has been advocated in some cases.PURPOSE: To assess the clinical outcomes of these prostheses. Fixed restorations supported by the combination of teeth and dental implants.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included all patients treated with combined tooth-implant-supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) at one specialist clinic. Abutment/prosthesis failure and technical complications were the outcomes analyzed.RESULTS: A total of 85 patients with 96 prostheses were included, with a mean follow-up of 10.5 years. Twenty prostheses failed. The estimated cumulative survival rate was 90.7%, 84.8%, 69.9%, and 66.2% at 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, respectively. The failure of tooth and/or implant abutments in key positions affected the survival of the prostheses. There were seven reasons for prostheses failure, with the loss of abutments exerting a significant influence. Bruxism was possibly associated with failures. Prostheses with cantilevers did not show a statistically significant higher failure rate. No group had a general higher prevalence of technical complications in comparison to the other groups.CONCLUSIONS: Although combined tooth-implant-supported FDPs are an alternative treatment option, this study has found that across 20 years of service nearly 35% the prostheses may fail.
|
|
| 44. |
- Chrcanovic, Bruno Ramos, et al.
(author)
-
Retrospective clinical evaluation of 2- to 6-unit implant-supported fixed partial dentures : Mean follow-up of 9 years.
- 2020
-
In: Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1523-0899 .- 1708-8208. ; 22:2, s. 201-212
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Implant-supported fixed partial dentures (ISFPDs) are one of the most common options to rehabilitate partially edentulous patients.PURPOSE: To assess the clinical outcomes of ISFPDs.METHODS: This retrospective study included all patients treated with ISFPDs with 2 to 6 prosthetic units at one specialist clinic. Implant/prosthesis failure and technical complications were the outcomes analyzed.RESULTS: Six hundred and forty-two patients with 876 ISFPDs (2241 implants) were included, followed up for 108.0 ± 76.2 months. Eighty-eight prostheses and 112 implants (26 before, 86 after prosthesis installation) failed. The estimated CSR of ISFPDs at 30 years was 72.7%. Smokers presented lower implant survival than nonsmokers. Two hundred and ninety-nine ISFPDs (33.2%) presented technical complications. Bruxism was a factor to exert a higher risk of screw and implant fracture, and ceramic chipping. ISFPDs with cantilever presented higher risk of failure, and screw loosening/fracture. Prostheses supported by implants with internal abutment connection or with two pontics had higher risk of presenting ceramic chipping. Extension of the prosthesis did not seem to exert influence on prosthesis failure/complications.CONCLUSIONS: ISFPDs presented good long-term prognosis. Implant failure was the main reason for ISFPD failure. The results suggest that bruxism and the presence of cantilever may contribute to the increased rate of mechanical complications and prosthesis failure.
|
|
| 45. |
- Chrcanovic, Bruno Ramos, et al.
(author)
-
Retrospective clinical evaluation of implant‐supported single crowns : mean follow‐up of 15 years
- 2019
-
In: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 30:7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To retrospectively assess the clinical outcomes of implant‐supported single crowns and the supporting implants. Material and Methods: This retrospective study included all patients treated with implant‐supported single crowns at one specialist clinic. Implant and prosthesis failure, and mechanical/technical complications (ceramic fracture/chipping; crown loss of retention/mobility; crown failure/fracture; loosening/loss/fracture of prosthetic screw; implant failure/fracture) were the outcomes analyzed. Any condition/situation that led to the removal/replacement of crowns was considered prosthesis failure. Results: 438 patients with 567 crowns were included. Mean±SD follow‐up of 183.4±69.3 months. 37 implants (6.5%) and 54 crowns (9.5%) failed. If only technical problems were considered, the crown failure rate decreased to 4.1% (23/567). Most common reasons for crown failure: esthetic issue (n=12), crown constantly mobile (n=9), change to another type of prosthesis together with other implants (n=8), crown fracture (n=7), crown in infraposition in comparison to adjacent teeth (n=7). The odds of crown failure were shown to be statistically significantly higher for the following factors: younger patients, maxillary crowns, and screw‐retained crowns. Loose prosthetic screw was much more prevalent in screw‐retained than in cemented crowns. Ceramic fracture/chipping was more prevalent in screw‐retained crowns, maxillae, females. Crown fracture was more prevalent in ceramic crowns, screw‐retained crowns, maxillae, posterior region, females. However, these differences were statistically significant only for crown fractures in females. Conclusions: The odds of crown failure were significant for some factors, but one must keep in mind that non‐technical complications are as common as technical ones as reasons for the replacement of implant‐supported single crowns.
|
|
| 46. |
- Chrcanovic, Bruno R., et al.
(author)
-
Retrospective evaluation of implant-supported full-arch fixed dental prostheses after a mean follow-up of 10 years.
- 2020
-
In: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 31:7, s. 634-645
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcomes of implant-supported full-arch fixed dental prostheses (ISFAFDPs) and the supporting implants.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study included patients treated with ISFAFDPs at one specialist clinic. Implant/prosthesis failure and complications were the outcomes analyzed. Survival analysis methods were used.RESULTS: A total of 709 patients with 869 ISFAFDPs (4,797 implants) were included, with a mean ± SD follow-up of 10.7 ± 7.2 years. A total of 353 implants and 62 prostheses failed. Estimated cumulative survival rates were as follows: 93.3% (95% CI 91.3, 95.3) after 10 years and 87.1% (95% CI 83.4, 90.8) after 20 years. Implants installed in bruxers, smokers, and maxilla had a lower survival than implants installed in non-bruxers, non-smokers, and mandible, respectively. A total of 415 ISFAFDPs (47.8%) presented technical complications, of which 67 (7.7%) presented only occurrences of loss/fracture of implant access hole sealing. Bruxism was a factor to exert a higher risk of screw loosening (HR 3.302; also in younger patients), screw fracture (HR 4.956), ceramic chipping/fracture (HR 5.685), and loss/fracture of acrylic teeth (HR 2.125; this last complication with higher risk also in men, in maxillae, and when the opposing jaw presented natural dentition or fixed prostheses). Patients with bruxism had a statistically significant higher risk of prosthesis failure than non-bruxers (HR 3.276).CONCLUSIONS: ISFAFDPs presented good long-term prognosis. Failure of several supporting implants was the main reason for failure. The results of the present study strongly suggest that bruxism is an important contributor to implant and prosthesis failure, as well as to an increased prevalence of technical complications in ISFAFDPs.
|
|
| 47. |
- Chrcanovic, Bruno Ramos, DDS, MSc, PhD, et al.
(author)
-
Retrospective study comparing the clinical outcomes of bar-clip and ball attachment implant-supported overdentures
- 2020
-
In: Journal of Oral Science. - : Tokyo Nihon University School of Dentistry. - 1343-4934 .- 1880-4926. ; 62:4, s. 397-401
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of implant-supported overdentures (ODs) with either bar-clip or ball attachments. The implant, prosthesis failure, and technical complications were the outcomes analyzed in this retrospective clinical study conducted in a specialty clinic. Seventy-five patients with 242 implants supported by 76 ODs (36 maxillary, 40 mandibular) were included in the study and followed up for 88.8 ± 82.9 months (mean ± standard deviation). Bar-clip and ball attachments were used in 78.9% and 21.1% of the cases, respectively. Forty-three implant failures (17.8%) in 17 prostheses (17/76; 22.4%) were observed in this study. The average period of implant failure was 43.3 ± 41.0 months, and most of them were maxillary turned implants. The bar-clip system demonstrated more complications in the attachment parts compared to the ball attachment system. Poor retention of the prosthesis was similar between the two systems. Loss of implants resulted in the failure of 10 ODs in this study. ODs opposed by natural dentition or fixed prostheses presented with more complications. The Cox proportional hazards model did not show a significant effect on prosthesis failure for any of the factors. These findings indicated that patients with ODs need constant maintenance follow-ups to address the technical complications and perform prosthodontic maintenance regardless of the attachment system used.
|
|
| 48. |
- Clulow, Andrew J., et al.
(author)
-
Characterization of Solubilizing Nanoaggregates Present in Different Versions of Simulated Intestinal Fluid
- 2017
-
In: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 121:48, s. 10869-10881
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The absorption of hydrophobic drugs and nutrients from the intestine is principally determined by the amount that can be dissolved by the endogenous fluids present in the gut. Human intestinal fluids (HIFs) comprise a complex mixture of bile salts, phospholipids, steroids and glycerides that vary in composition in the fed and fasted state and between subjects. A number of simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) compositions have been developed to mimic fasted and fed state intestinal conditions and allow the in vitro determination of drug solubility as a proxy for the maximum dissolved concentration it is possible to reach. In particular these solvents are used during the development of lipophilic and poorly water-soluble drugs but questions remain around the differences that may arise from the source and methods of preparation of these fluids. In this work, a range of SIFs were studied using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), cryogenic -transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in order to analyze their structures. In-house prepared SIFs based on sodium taurodeoxycholate (NaTDC) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) formed oblate ellipsoidal micelles irrespective of lipid concentration and preparation conditions. In contrast, commercially available SIFs based on sodium taurocholate and lecithin formed prolate ellipsoidal micelles in the fed state and vesicles in the fasted state. These structural variations are the likely reason for the dramatic differences sometimes observed in the solubility enhancements for hydrophobic drugs, nutrients and digestion products when using different SIFs. However, the structural homogeneity of the NaTDC/DOPC micelles makes them ideal candidates for standardizing SIF formulations as the structures of the solubilizing nanoaggregates therein are not sensitive to the preparation method.
|
|
| 49. |
- Contreras, Mariela, 1979-
(author)
-
Child nutrition in rural Nicaragua : Population-based studies in a transitional society
- 2015
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Emerging favourable as well as unfavourable nutrition patterns are observed in societies undergoing rapid social and economic change. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the associations between household and maternal resources and infant and young child feeding habits and nutritional status in rural Nicaragua, a low-income transitional society.All households (n=1,500) in Los Cuatro Santos with at least one child (0-3 y) were visited to collect information on feeding of the youngest child. Children´s anthropometry was also measured using standardised World Health Organisation (WHO) techniques. Validated instruments were used to assess household and maternal resources. All instruments had been adapted to the local context and piloted in a nearby community. The education of the mother showed more independent variation in the studied outcomes. The odds for exclusive breastfeeding were highest in infants aged 0 to 5 months of mothers with the lowest education. Further, children aged 6 to 35 months with lowest educated mothers were less likely to consume highly processed snacks (HP snacks) and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). They were also less likely to be exposed to a double burden of suboptimal feeding (concurrent unmet WHO recommended feeding practices and consumption of HP snacks or SSBs). However, children aged 6 to 35 months were more prone to infrequently meet dietary diversity and to more shortness. Children in the same age group with lower educated mothers were also shorter in households with the lowest housing quality.Higher level of maternal education contributed both favourably and unfavourably to child feeding and nutrition. This was reflected in more and less frequent practice of the WHO feeding indicators, but also in more frequent children´s consumption of HP snacks and SSBs. Higher maternal education was associated with taller children, even in households with the lowest housing quality.
|
|
| 50. |
|
|
