| 1. |
- Alvinius, Aida, et al.
(författare)
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Managing Boundaries in Integrated Care : A Qualitative Study of Collaboration between Municipalities and County Councils in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior. - Highland Beach, Florida, USA : PrAcademics Press. - 1093-4537 .- 1532-4273. ; 19:2, s. 139-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swedish healthcare has undergone continuous development over several decades. Today, legal responsibility is shared on the local and regional levels, i.e. between municipalities and county councils. The purpose of the present study is to gain a deeper understanding of boundary spanning roles and strategies involved in municipal and county council collaboration. A grounded theory approach was used. Fifteen informants from several Swedish health care authorities were interviewed. A tension exists between preserving boundary strategies that stifle collaboration and boundary spanning strategies that facilitate it. The way boundary spanners manage their role is assumed to influence the centre of gravity for this tension and thus the combination of favourable boundary spanning strategies and favourable boundary spanning roles is one way of getting the current form of collaboration to work.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Larsson, Gerry, Professor, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Vårdkvalitet och patienttillfresställelse
- 2017. - 2
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Ingår i: Kvalitetsarbete för bättre och säkrare vård. - Stockholm : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144116181 ; , s. 79-106
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Alvinius, Aida, et al.
(författare)
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Becoming a Swedish military ranger : a grounded theory study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Norma. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1890-2138 .- 1890-2146. ; 11:1, s. 34-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The armed forces in virtually all countries are traditionally male-dominated organisations. Military rangers constitute an elite unit whose chief skills and capabilities centre on unconventional warfare and intelligence gathering in enemy territory, as well as conducting low-intensity warfare. The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the process of becoming a military ranger and what it means to be one in this context from a masculinity perspective. The study was carried out with informants from three military ranger units in Sweden: the Army’s ranger battalion, parachuting rangers from an airborne battalion and intelligence battalion, and coastal rangers. In total, 28 informants participated in the study. All of them were men. A qualitative analysis resulted in a model where the core variable was labelled on becoming a ranger through reproducing masculinity as a form of emotional regime. This core variable is built up by three different strategies, each of which contains a number of actions: building social identity by means of coolness strategies, observing symbols and rituals to build a sense of pride and building cohesion to maintain group intimacy, and emotionally exclude the external environment
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Alvinius, Aida, et al.
(författare)
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Job satisfaction as a form of organizational commitment at the military strategic level : A grounded theory study
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Organizational Analysis. - 1934-8835 .- 1758-8561. ; 25:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeIt has been claimed that job satisfaction is the most important and frequently studied attitude in organizational behaviour research. However, as most studies relate to lower hierarchical levels, the purpose of the present study was to gain a deeper understanding of job satisfaction and organizational commitment among high-level managers, military leaders in this case.Design/methodology/approachA grounded theory approach was used. The empirical material is based on 12 interviews, two of which were with women. The informants had wide experience of a number of leadership positions as well as participation in international operations. Their ranks ranged from Colonel to Brigadier General and they represented army and naval units, the Armed Forces Headquarters and Swedish Defence University.FindingsThe qualitative analysis resulted in a theoretical model that describes the job satisfaction of military leaders at the strategic level, which concerns establishing and balancing organizational commitment. This means that top level managers develop, manage and recreate a “sense of oneness” between themselves and the organization – a strong identification that is established, challenged, changed, and renegotiated in a continuous process. Establishing and balancing organizational commitment is built on two overarching categories: keeping up the organizational image and responding to organizational greediness.Research limitations/implicationsSmall sample, lack of representativeness, and lack of elaboration on possible gender-related aspects.Practical implicationsThe suggested model may be valuable in educational settings when evaluating the job satisfaction and organizational commitment of high-level officers. The model may have practical implications when it comes to selection, retention and leader development of high-level military officers.Originality/valueA new integrative, theoretical model of job satisfaction and organizational commitment of high-level officers is developed and discussed.
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| 8. |
- Alvinius, Aida, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Leaders as emotional managers : Emotion management in response organisations during a hostage taking in a Swedish prison
- 2015
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Ingår i: Leadership & Organization Development Journal. - 0143-7739 .- 1472-5347. ; 36:6, s. 697-711
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to develop a deeper understanding of how leaders manage their own and others' emotions in professional crisis management organizations during severely demanding episodes. The empirical case is a hostage drama that occurred in a small Swedish town. Although staff at the local prison were situationally prepared and trained in incident exercises, two inmates with knives fled the prison after taking a warden hostage.Design/methodology/approach - A grounded theory approach was used. In all, 14 informants from four Swedish authorities were interviewed on the basis of their involvement in the hostage drama.Findings - According to the analysis, an emergency response leader's emotion management is framed by an organizationally embedded emotional regime which is summed up in two core themes: focus on the task and do not let emotions interfere; and provide the task force with maximum physical and psychological security. The leader's emotion management within this framework consists of two interdependent processes, one more organization oriented and one more individual oriented.Research limitations/implications - Small sample, lack of representativeness, and lack of illumination of possible gender-related aspects.Practical implications - The suggested model may be valuable in educational settings.Originality/value - A new integrative, theoretical process model of leadership and emotion management in complex, stressful operations.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Alvinius, Aida, Docent, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Lone Swede in an international military staff context : a qualitative interview study
- 2018
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Ingår i: FLEKS - Scandinavian Journal of Intercultural Theory and Practice. - Oslo : Høgskolen i Oslo og Akershus. - 1894-5988. ; 5:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the experience of Swedish officers when serving as the only Swedes in a multinational staff context. The methodological approach was qualitative and inductive according to the Grounded Theory method, and the empirical material is based on twenty completed interviews. The informants possessed a wide range of experience in a number of leadership positions as well as extensive participation in international operations.The building of contextual self-esteem is the central theme that emerged inthe data analysis that may improve our understanding of officers serving as the only Swedes on an international staff. Contextual self-esteem and its structure can be understood through the following four processes: interpretation, adaptation, influence, and withdrawal. These occur to a greater or lesser extent depending upon both the individual and the context. Contextual self-esteem increases over time as experience of international operations expands. The longer the duration of a mission, the greater the influence becomes in contrast to adaptation, although all the processes are significant.The findings may be valuable in educational settings regarding challenges faced while serving alone during international military missions in multinational contexts.
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| 11. |
- Alvinius, Aida, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Managing visibility and differentiating in recruitment of women as leaders in the armed forces
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Gender Studies. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0958-9236 .- 1465-3869. ; 27:5, s. 534-546
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recruitment is one of the Swedish Armed Forces' (SAF) main challenges today. Recruiting more women into the organization is one of the organization's aims, as well as providing them with more opportunities for career development. The purpose of this article is to gain a deeper understanding of how female military officers perceive barriers and advantages on their way to higher leadership positions. A total of 10 women from a variety of backgrounds and positions in the armed forces were interviewed. Their ranks ranged from Captain to Colonel and they represented army, naval units and air force. The interviews were analysed using a Grounded Theory approach. The qualitative analysis resulted in two main themes: Supporting visibility of women as leaders and differentiation of women as leaders. The former concerns positive strategies on an individual and organizational level that support an increase in the number of female leaders in the SAF, and is a way of responding to political incitements and the SAF's fundamental values. The second concerns ways how women are portrayed as different and divergent from the male standard. The suggested model may be valuable in recruitment, educational settings and leader development of high-level military officers from a gender perspective.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Alvinius, Aida, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Reflexive serendipity : grounded theory and serendipity in disaster management and military research
- 2016
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Ingår i: Qualitative Sociology Review. - 1733-8077. ; 12:3, s. 28-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Grounded Theory (GT) is a research method that allows the researcher to make discoveries withouta priori knowledge, and allows an open mind not an empty head. The use of this method is also desirablefor serendipity to occur in the research process. This article therefore aims to chronologically presenthow serendipity has grown over time in the use of the GT method in a field of research focusing onhighly demanding conditions such as disaster management and military operations. We will discussa new concept, namely, reflexive serendipity, which encompasses the conditions required for makingdiscoveries in the interview analysis. These may be contextual aspects and the role of the researcher,which includes having an open mind and the necessary perseverance and discipline to be able tosucceed with GT and serendipity.
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| 15. |
- Alvinius, Aida, Docent, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Staff Advisors in Military Context : A Qualitative Interview Study in a Swedish Military Staff
- 2019
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Ingår i: Res Militaris. - 2265-6294. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Military organizations have a long tradition of autonomy in relation to other groups. Most positions in military organizations, at least those at the higher levels, are reserved for military officers. However, given the increasing complexity of modern society, civilian specialists have become more common in high-level military staff contexts. The purpose of this study was, through an inductive approach, to gain a deeper understanding of the role of civilian and military advisors in a high-level military staff context. A grounded theory approach was used. The empirical material is based on 10 interviews with advisors in high-level military staffs, three of which were with women. The qualitative analysis resulted in a theoretical model that describes that the trustworthiness of advisors is established through two types of action-logics: (1) through the advisor’s individual strategies - that is, what the advisors themselves do and (2) through an “allowing” structure, which permits an increased freedom of action for advisors. Advisors' positions and skills are unique in a staff environment, which is important in a decision-making process. These two logics influence one another as well as the credibility of the advisor’s agenda. Research limitations/implications are the following: small sample, lack of representativeness, and lack of illumination of possible gender-related aspects. The suggested model may be valuable in military educational settings.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Bandlitz Johansen, Rino, et al.
(författare)
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Hva er god fellesoperativ ledelse?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Norsk Militært Tidsskrift. - : Norsk Militaert Tidsskrift. - 0029-2028. ; 188:2, s. 4-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I den tradisjonelle militære ledelseslitteraturen får ofte den sterke lederen en stor og dominerede plass. Uten Napoleon intet Austerlitz, intet El Alamein uten Bernard Montgomery og intet Inchon uten Douglas MacArthur. I denne artikkelen tar forfatterne et litet oppgjør, ikke bare med den betydningen som tillegges lederen i strid, men også til ledelsens beydning mer generelt.
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| 18. |
- Berglund, Anna Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Om höga chefer trivs/inte trivs på jobbet - "smittar det av sig" ända ned till soldater och sjömän?
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med undersökningen var att få fördjupad förståelse om upplevelsen av engagemang i arbetet ”smittar” mellan hierarkiska nivåer. Avsikten var att belysa denna form av påverkan såväl uppifrån och ned som nedifrån och upp. Intervjuer med totalt 26 informanter genomfördes på följande fyra nivåer: (1) Produktions-avdelningen på Högkvarteret, (2) förbands och bataljons-/divisionsledning, (3) kompani och plutons-/fartygsledning och (4) soldater och sjömän.Resultatredovisningen fokuserar på betydelsen av informanternas eget handlande för andras engagemang i arbetet och betydelsen av andras handlande för informanternas engagemang i arbetet. Både positiva och negativa aspekter tas upp.Resultatet visar att det finns en viss smittoeffekt uppifrån och ned på så sätt att handlingar utförda av ledningen på Högkvarteret har en effekt på förbands-ledningsnivå, som i sin tur har en viss effekt på kompaniledningsnivå, som slutligen har en viss effekt på soldat/sjömansnivå. Smittoeffekten finns i hela den hierarkiska kedjan men är svag när man är två eller fler hierarkiska nivåer från ”smittspridaren”.Smittokraften kan däremot vara stark gentemot närmsta hierarkiska nivå, framförallt nedåt i hierarkin. På soldat/sjömansnivå, som är den viktigaste för Försvarsmaktens personalförsörjning, innebär detta att de som betyder mest är de officerare och specialistofficerare som soldaterna och sjömännen dagligen möter. Sannolikt förhåller det sig så att engagerade befäl på denna nivå kan övervinna att ogynnsamt engagemang högre upp i hierarkin. På ett likartat sätt kan sannolikt en brist på engagemang på den lägsta befälsnivån kullkasta effekten av ett stort engagemang högre upp i organisationen.Ur personalförsörjningssynpunkt är det således angeläget att den lägsta chefsnivån är engagerad och att organisationen gör sitt yttersta för att optimera förutsättningarna för detta engagemang. Enkelt uttryckt, det är viktigare att gruppchefer, instruktörer samt plutons- och kompanibefäl är engagerade än att förbandsledning och försvarsmaktsledning är det.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Fors Brandebo, Maria, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Leadership : Is bad stronger than good?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Leadership & Organization Development Journal. - 0143-7739 .- 1472-5347. ; 37:6, s. 690-710
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate if the thesis “bad is stronger than good” also holds true for a number of leadership issues, more specifically: trust in the immediate leader, emotional exhaustion, work atmosphere and propensity to leave.Design/methodology/approach– Questionnaire responses were obtained from military personnel in Estonia, Sweden, Switzerland and the Netherlands (n=625).Findings– Multiple regression analyses revealed a certain pattern. Constructive leadership behaviours showed stronger positive associations with trust in the immediate supervisor and work atmosphere, than destructive leadership behaviours showed negative associations. On the other hand, destructive leadership behaviours showed stronger positive associations with emotional exhaustion and propensity to leave, than constructive leadership behaviours showed negative associations. This suggests that constructive leadership behaviours possibly have a greater impact on positive phenomenon and/or phenomenon associated with work-related relationships. On the other hand, destructive leadership behaviours appear to have a greater impact on negative phenomena with a stronger personal meaning. The results also show that the passive forms of destructive leadership are the behaviours that had the strongest impact on the investigated dependent variables.Research limitations/implications– Limitations related to item construction, common method variance, response set tendencies, translation of the instruments, and lack of response rate are discussed.Practical implications– The results emphasize the importance of focusing on both constructive and destructive leadership at the selection stage, as well as during training of military leaders. Focusing on them separately obstructs optimal leader development and prevents leaders from gaining authentic self-knowledge. The results also point at the importance of including both aspects of leadership in leader evaluation processes.Originality/value– The use of both constructive and destructive leadership behaviours with respondents from multiple nations in the same analysis.
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| 22. |
- Fors Brandebo, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring destructive leadership behaviours
- 2016
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Ingår i: Negative leadership. - Kingston, Kanada : Canadian Defence Academy Press. - 9780660062112 ; , s. 75-85
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 23. |
- Fors Brandebo, Maria, 1979-
(författare)
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Military Leaders and Trust
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to study trust in military leaders. Empirical data was gathered through interviews and questionnaires with military personnel mostly from Sweden, but also from four other European countries.Paper I illustrates that trust in military leaders can be theoretically understood in terms of a hierarchical system of categories, higher-level categories and two superior categories labelled Individual-related and Communication- and relationship-related characteristics.Paper II examines how trust between military leaders and their subordinates is related to negative critical incidents in international operations. The results show that trust can be affected by pre-existing influences, of both an individual and contextual nature. The level of trust that develops between leaders and subordinates appears to have an influence on perceptions and re-evaluations of leaders’ trustworthiness during and after involvement in critical incidents.In Paper III, an instrument, Destrudo-L, was developed to measure destructive leadership behaviours on five different dimensions: Arrogant, unfair, Threats, punishments, overdemands, Ego-oriented, false, Passive, cowardly, and Uncertain, unclear, messy.In Paper IV the relationship between constructive and destructive leadership behaviours and trust is examined. The results show that constructive leadership contributed most to trust in the immediate supervisor. A great deal of trust in immediate supervisors can be understood by evaluating both constructive and destructive leadership behaviours.This thesis contributes with context-specific knowledge on trust in leaders in a military context and knowledge of psychological processes and individual dispositions that shape and change the willingness to trust leaders. The main findings presented in this thesis are the identification of characteristics of the trustor, the trustee, and the context which influences trust in military leaders.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Fors Brandebo, Maria, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Passive leadership in a military context. Its relationship with work attitudes and emotional exhaustion
- 2017
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThis paper reports the results of three quantitative studies on destructive leadership in a military context. The aim is to identify (a) which behaviors are considered passive leadership in this type of context, (b) outcomes of passive leadership, and (c) hierarchical differences regarding outcomes of passive leadership.Design/MethodologyQuestionnaire data was collected from (a) three Swedish military groups (n = 428), (b) military personnel in Estonia, Sweden, Switzerland and the Netherlands (n = 625), and (c) Swedish military personnel serving in Afghanistan (n = 289).ResultsThe results show that passive leadership in a military context is defined as behaviors related to being “passive, cowardly” and “uncertain, unclear, messy”. Passive leadership behaviors had a stronger impact (than active destructive leadership behaviors) on outcomes such as emotional exhaustion and propensity to leave the organization. The results also reveal that passive leadership behaviors are more common on higher hierarchical levels compared to lower.LimitationsLimitations related to common method variance, response set tendencies and lack of response rate are discussed.Research/practical implicationsThe results emphasize the importance of focusing on passive leadership behaviors in the research field of destructive leadership. From a practical perspective, implications for military organizations are discussed.Originality/ValueSince most of the studies on passive leadership are conducted in civilian settings, the results from this paper contribute with context-specific knowledge about passive leadership in a military setting.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Hedlund, Erik, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Ledarskap och ledning i en förändrad organisatorisk kontext
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Föreliggande bok har ambitionen att sätta samman tre års forskningsresultat (2016-2018) inom ramen för det av Försvarsmakten (FM) finansierade forskningsprojektet Ledarskap och ledning i en förändrad organisatorisk kontext och omsätta kunskaper till ett pedagogiskt och lättillgängligt material som kan användas i såväl Försvarshögskolans ordinarie kurs- och utbildningsprogram, som enskild läsning eller som utgångspunkt för gruppdiskussioner, seminarier och förberedelser inför något av de teman som tas upp i boken. Bokens innehåll speglar forskningsprojektets sammansättning som består av forskare från Ledarskapsavdelningen i Stockholm, Försvarshögskolans Ledarskapscentrum i Karlstad, och Ledningsvetenskap i Stockholm. Att bokens empiri kommer från militär kontext hindrar inte att bokens innehåll även kan vara av stort intresse för civila läsare, särskilt inom ramen för dem med intresse för civil-militär samverkan i såväl nationella som internationella insatser.
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| 28. |
- Hyllengren, Peder, et al.
(författare)
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Contextual factors affecting moral stress : a study of military and police officers
- 2016
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Ingår i: International journal of public leadership. - 2056-4929. ; 12:4, s. 275-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify and gain a deeper understanding of environmental, organizational, and group conditions, and leadership-related issues in particular, in severely stressful situations involving a moral stressor faced by military and police officers.Design/methodology/approachA combined deductive and inductive approach was used, and in total 23 military and police officers, all having experience of morally difficult decisions during severely stressful conditions, were interviewed.FindingsA hierarchical conceptual framework of contextual characteristics was developed. The environmental, organizational, leadership-related, and group aspects identified in this study on morally stressful situations resemble findings from general research on work and stress. However, a stronger emphasis was put on leaders’ handling of values and his or her ability to confront senior management when needed.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that well-documented methods aimed at the prevention of, and recovery from, work-related stress, also can be used in the case of extreme situations involving moral stressors.Originality/valueThe interplay between leadership and extreme situations involving moral stressors is, to the best of the knowledge, understudied.
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| 29. |
- Kallenberg, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Moralisk stress och ledarskap
- 2016
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- I alla tider har människor plågats av svåra moraliska val, ibland till synes omöjliga. Men det är först på senare år som man har börjat uppmärksamma moralisk stress. Den kan uppkomma i arbetslivet. Den påverkar och påverkas av ledarskap.Ledarskap utövas i ett socialt och kulturellt sammanhang med mer eller mindre tydliga normer och värderingar. Men hur ser de ut och i vilken utsträckning delar vi dem? Och vad gör vi när våra egna och den omgivande organisationens värderingar inte stämmer överens?Boken belyser olika aspekter av ledarskap, organisationers värderingar och den enskildes val och beslut.Framställningen bygger delvis på författarnas egen forskning men behandlar även utförligt hur man förebygger, hanterar och bemästrar moralisk stress på såväl individ- som organisationsnivå.
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| 30. |
- Kassebaum, Nicholas J., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990-2015 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
- 2016
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 388:10053, s. 1603-1658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Healthy life expectancy (HALE) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) provide summary measures of health across geographies and time that can inform assessments of epidemiological patterns and health system performance, help to prioritise investments in research and development, and monitor progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We aimed to provide updated HALE and DALYs for geographies worldwide and evaluate how disease burden changes with development. Methods We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015) for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost (YLLs) and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) for each geography, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using the Sullivan method, which draws from age-specific death rates and YLDs per capita. We then assessed how observed levels of DALYs and HALE differed from expected trends calculated with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator constructed from measures of income per capita, average years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Findings Total global DALYs remained largely unchanged from 1990 to 2015, with decreases in communicable, neonatal, maternal, and nutritional (Group 1) disease DALYs off set by increased DALYs due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Much of this epidemiological transition was caused by changes in population growth and ageing, but it was accelerated by widespread improvements in SDI that also correlated strongly with the increasing importance of NCDs. Both total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rates due to most Group 1 causes significantly decreased by 2015, and although total burden climbed for the majority of NCDs, age-standardised DALY rates due to NCDs declined. Nonetheless, age-standardised DALY rates due to several high-burden NCDs (including osteoarthritis, drug use disorders, depression, diabetes, congenital birth defects, and skin, oral, and sense organ diseases) either increased or remained unchanged, leading to increases in their relative ranking in many geographies. From 2005 to 2015, HALE at birth increased by an average of 2.9 years (95% uncertainty interval 2.9-3.0) for men and 3.5 years (3.4-3.7) for women, while HALE at age 65 years improved by 0.85 years (0.78-0.92) and 1.2 years (1.1-1.3), respectively. Rising SDI was associated with consistently higher HALE and a somewhat smaller proportion of life spent with functional health loss; however, rising SDI was related to increases in total disability. Many countries and territories in central America and eastern sub-Saharan Africa had increasingly lower rates of disease burden than expected given their SDI. At the same time, a subset of geographies recorded a growing gap between observed and expected levels of DALYs, a trend driven mainly by rising burden due to war, interpersonal violence, and various NCDs. Interpretation Health is improving globally, but this means more populations are spending more time with functional health loss, an absolute expansion of morbidity. The proportion of life spent in ill health decreases somewhat with increasing SDI, a relative compression of morbidity, which supports continued efforts to elevate personal income, improve education, and limit fertility. Our analysis of DALYs and HALE and their relationship to SDI represents a robust framework on which to benchmark geography-specific health performance and SDG progress. Country-specific drivers of disease burden, particularly for causes with higher-than-expected DALYs, should inform financial and research investments, prevention efforts, health policies, and health system improvement initiatives for all countries along the development continuum.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Larsson, Gerry, Professor, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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“An undisturbed afternoon of writing” : a qualitative study of professors’ job satisfaction
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2050-7003 .- 1758-1184. ; 11:4, s. 719-732
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to model factors that contribute to job satisfaction amonguniversity professors.Design/methodology/approach – The approach was qualitative; 12 in-depth interviews were conductedwith Swedish university full professors representing 11 different academic subjects.Findings – Five facets of job satisfaction were identified: distal environment (e.g. impact on society and thescientific community), proximal social environment, self (e.g. receiving external credit and experiencinginternal pride), the uplifts of daily life and formal conditions (e.g. pay and opportunities to continue afterretirement). A model was inductively developed according to which professors’ job satisfaction is influencedby interacting contextual and individual antecedent conditions.Research limitations/implications – Because a qualitative approach was used, with a limited number ofinformants, there is a lack of representativeness and the concepts generated are of a sensitizing rather than adefinitive character.Practical implications – Attention should be paid to university professors’ need for autonomy, otherwisepublic management control strivings may become counter-productive.Originality/value – A new model of professors’ job satisfaction with a richness of details was developed.
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| 34. |
- Larsson, Gerry
(författare)
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Att leda förändringsarbete
- 2017. - 2
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Ingår i: Kvalitetsarbete för bättre och säkrare vård. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144116181 ; , s. 127-148
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 35. |
- Larsson, Gerry, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Crisis management at the government offices : a Swedish case study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Disaster Prevention and Management. - 0965-3562 .- 1758-6100. ; 24:5, s. 542-552
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to gain a deeper understanding of crisis management at the Swedish Government office level in an international crisis by using a multiperspective approach, and paying particular attention to factors contributing favorably to the management process.Design/methodology/approachThe Eyjafjallajökull volcano eruption on Iceland in 2010 was accompanied by an ash cloud that caused serious air traffic problems in large parts of Europe. Interviews were conducted with seven high-level informants at the Swedish Government offices and two informants at the Swedish Aviation Authority. An interview guide inspired by governance, command and control, and leadership perspectives was used.FindingsA Crisis Coordination Secretariat, organizationally placed directly under the prime minister, coordinated the operation. A combination of mandate (hard power) and social smoothness (soft power) on part of the Crisis Coordination Secretariat contributed to confidence building and a collaboration norm between the ministries, and between the ministries and their underlying agencies. Preparatory training, exercises and a high level of system knowledge on part of the Crisis Coordination Secretariat – contextual intelligence – also contributed to a favorable crisis management.Research limitations/implicationsThe study relies on retrospective self-report data only from a limited group of informants making generalizations difficult.Practical implications– The organizational positioning of the Crisis Coordination Secretariat directly under the prime minister gave its members formal authority. These members in turn skillfully used social flexibility to build confidence and a will to collaborate. This combination of hard and soft power is recommended.Originality/valueThe multiperspective approach used when designing the interview guide and when interpreting the responses was new as well as the focus on factors contributing to crisis management success.
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| 36. |
- Larsson, Gerry, et al.
(författare)
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Daily hassles, their antecedents and outcomes among professional first responders : a systematic literature review
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 57:4, s. 359-367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Occupational groups such as firefighters, military officers, paramedics and police officers are exposed to a combination of acute, severe and accumulated everyday stress. Drawing on the daily hassles perspective on stress, the aim was to synthesize existing research on daily hassles in professional first responder settings into a theoretical model. A systematic mixed studies review with an integrated design was undertaken. The selection process resulted in 40 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. The selected papers represented two literature reviews, one qualitative study, eight longitudinal studies and 29 cross-sectional studies. Five superior categories emerged in the analysis: Individual antecedent and continuously framing factors, Environmental antecedent and continuously framing factors, Appraisal and coping processes, Daily hassles and Outcome. Suggestions for future research are presented
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| 37. |
- Larsson, Gerry, Professor, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Daily uplifts and adaptive coping as a buffer against daily hassles : relationship with stress reactions over time in military personnel
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Psychologist. - : Scandinavian Psychologist. - 1894-5570. ; :4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this research was to gain a deeper understanding of how daily hassles and uplifts interact with each other and with stress reactions over time in military personnel. Interviews were conducted with 15 Swedish veterans five years after an international peace enforcement mission. The grounded theory method was used and result patterns were generated for six specific time periods distributed before, during, and after the mission. A theoretical model was developed showing that everyday uplifts combined with adaptive coping can be sufficient to limit stress reactions related to daily hassles. The model was supported by the fact that, five years after the mission, none of interviewees had received a PTSD diagnosis or needed professional psychological treatment. The last-mentioned outcome is noteworthy in itself given the severe stress often encountered in peace enforcement missions and previous research observations of high PTSD incidence, suicide rates, criminality, and substance abuse in mission participants.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Larsson, Gerry, Professor, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Enskilt tjänstgörande 1990-2015 : hur mår de idag och vilken långsiktig effekt har vardagsstress?
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med undersökningen var att kartlägga hur svenska officerare som gjort insatser som enskilt tjänstgörande upplever sig må idag och särskilt beakta vardagsstressens betydelse.Studiens teoretiska ramverk utgörs av en modell över vardagsstress, vilket urskiljer sig gentemot tidigare forskning där allvarliga reaktioner som Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) ofta varit i främsta fokus.En enkät skickades till samtliga nu levande svenskar som varit enskilt tjänstgörande officerare under perioden 1990-2015 (N = 1198). Svar erhölls från 653 personer (54,5% svarsfrekvens).Resultatet visar att majoriteten av deltagarna upplever att de mår bra idag. Endast en mindre grupp rapporterar att de besväras av fysiska, emotionella eller kognitiva stressreaktioner (symptom). Resultatet visar även att ju starkare kombinationen av vardagliga glädjeämnen och funktionell stresshantering är i förhållande till kombinationen av vardagliga oros- och irritationsmoment och dysfunktionell stresshantering, desto lägre är förekomsten av symptom och vice versa.Undersökningens främsta praktiska slutsats är att undersökningsdeltagarna i huvudsak mår bra idag. Studiens viktigaste teoretiska slutsats är att den prövade modellen ger ett betydelsefullt kunskapstillskott för förståelse av hur vardagshändelser och hanteringsstrategier samspelar med stressreaktioner och indikationer på PTSD.
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| 40. |
- Larsson, Gerry, Professor, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Internationell tjänst 2011-2015 : hur mår dessa kvinnor och män idag och vilken långsiktig effekt har vardagsstress?
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med undersökningen var att kartlägga hur svenska kvinnor och män som gjort internationella insatser upplever sig må idag och särskilt beakta vardagsstressens betydelse.En enkät skickades hem till samtliga nu levande svenskar som genomfört en eller flera militära internationella insatser för Försvarsmaktens räkning under perioden 2011-2015(N = 4594), de personer som genomfört insatser som enskilt tjänstgörande (till exempel som observatörer) ingår ej i undersökningen eftersom de medverkat i en samtidig, separat studie. Svar erhölls från 199 kvinnor och 1614 män (40.5% svarsfrekvens, 46 personer avstod från att ange kön). Det dominerande svarsmönstret är att undersökningsdeltagarna upplever att de mår bra idag. Dock besväras cirka 15-25% ”ofta” eller ”mycket ofta” av fysiska, emotionella eller kognitiva stressreaktioner (symptom). Sex procent av kvinnorna (n = 11) redovisar en tydlig indikation på PTSD motsvarande siffra bland männen är tre procent (n = 50).Undersökningens främsta praktiska slutsatser är att flertalet undersökningsdeltagare i huvudsak mår bra idag. Samtidigt är antalet personer som uppvisar tydlig PTSD indikation inte är försumbart och detta behöver följas upp av Försvarsmakten. Studiens viktigaste teoretiska slutsats är att den prövade modellen ger ett betydelsefullt kunskapstillskott för förståelse av hur vardagshändelser och hanteringsstrategier samspelar med stressreaktioner och indikationer på PTSD.
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| 41. |
- Larsson, Gerry, Professor, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Leader development using group dynamic interventions : a systematic literature review
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Psychologist. - : Scandinavian Psychologist. - 1894-5570 .- 1894-5570. ; 5
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This literature review aimed to synthesize the existing research on group dynamic interventions that are designed to enhance individual leadership development in organisations. Such interventions are typically intended to help leaders learn about both themselves and interpersonal relationships. A systematic mixed studies literature review with an integrated design was undertaken. The selection process resulted in nine articles that met the inclusion criteria. The scarcity of studies means that no reliable conclusion could be drawn on the sizes of effects and, thus, whether group dynamic interventions are effective or not. Given this situation, four tendencies could still be identified. First, interventions involving practical skills (e.g., problem-solving techniques) appear to be effective. Second, interventions focusing on inner processes (e.g., self-awareness, self-acceptance, and sensitivity to group processes) appear to have some favourable effects. Third, little evidence was found regarding the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving leaders’ interpersonal skills. Fourth, identified enablers and neutralizers include group characteristics, facilitator qualities, intervention goals and focus, a safe climate, and opportunities for practice. The lack of evidence regarding effectiveness does not mean that group dynamic interventions are ineffective. It means only that more research is necessary to evaluate this type of developmental intervention.
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| 42. |
- Larsson, Gerry, et al.
(författare)
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Leadership behavior changes following a theory-based leadership development intervention : a longitudinal study of subordinates’ and leaders’ evaluations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 58:1, s. 62-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to evaluate effects of leadership courses based on the developmental leadership model at the leadership behavioral level. A longitudinal design was employed with assessments before, one and six months after the leadership courses. The sample consisted of 59 leaders who made self-ratings and were rated by at least three subordinates on each occasion. Leadership behaviors were measured with the Developmental Leadership Questionnaire (DLQ). A limited increase of favorable leadership behaviors and a significant reduction of unfavorable leadership behaviors were found, particularly according to the subordinates’ ratings. A cluster analysis yielded three meaningful leader profiles and showed that this pattern was found in all three profiles, irrespective of how favorably they were rated before the onset of the intervention.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Larsson, Gerry, 1952-
(författare)
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Ledarskapets betydelse för lärande vid After Action Reviews (AAR)
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten utgör dokumentationen av ett uppdrag från Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB) till Försvarshögskolan. Syftet med uppdraget är att ge en kortfattad kunskapssammanställning över utvecklande ledarskap och koppling till lärande/lärande organisation inom ramen för MSB utvecklingsarbete avseende After Action Review (AAR). Uppdraget innefattar också att ge en rekommendation om verktyg/metoder för att mäta aktuellt ledarskap eller att relatera detta till en idealbild.Tre övergripande slutsatser föreslås. För det första, kvaliteten på det allmänna ledarskapet i en organisation kommer att ha en betydande inverkan på AAR verksamhet och ledarskap under AAR sessioner. Den andra övergripande slutsatsen avser betydelsen av högre chefers indirekta ledarskap. Det finns ett stort symbolvärde i att organisationsledningen aktivt stödjer AAR och tillskapar nödvändiga resurser.Den tredje och avslutande slutsatsen gäller metoder för att mäta ledarskap. Mot bakgrund av rådande brist på vetenskapligt framtagna instrument med AAR inriktning föreslås bruk av väl beprövade instrument som mäter allmänt ledarskap och att dessa kompletteras med utprovning av AAR specifika tilläggsfrågor.
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| 46. |
- Larsson, Gerry, Professor, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Ledarskapets containerfunktion : en kvalitativ studie av militära mellanchefer
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Containerförmåga handlar i ledarskapssammanhang om att man som chef måste kunna varsebli, tolka och härbärgera signaler från högre nivå innan de förmedlas vidare nedåt i hierarkin. Härbärgeringen innefattar att transformera den högre nivåns budskap på ett sådant sätt att det blir meningsfullt för medarbetare på lägre nivåer, utan att budskapet för den skull förvanskas. Även det omvända gäller. Chefer måste kunna ta emot och härbärgera signaler ”från golvet” och föra dem vidare uppåt till högre chefer på ett konstruktivt sätt.Syftet med undersökningen var att få en fördjupad förståelse av de intrapsykiska delarna av ledarskapets containerfunktion och hur de samverkar med de beteendemässiga delarna. En intervjuundersökning genomfördes med 15 svenska militära officerare på mellanchefnivå. Studien ledde fram till en identifikation av ett antal detaljaspekter inom ledarskapets containerfunktion. Som exempel kan nämnas vikten av självdisciplin att motstå impulser att agera direkt för att skapa tid att analysera situationen och förbereda argument gentemot målgruppen. Studien visar vidare att ledares hantering av containerfunktionen är starkt relaterade till deras ledarskap mer generellt. Detta gäller dels individfaktorn ledarens personliga trygghet och erfarenhet, dels den relationella faktorn att bygga tillitsfulla relationer uppåt och nedåt.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Larsson, Gerry, Professor, 1952-
(författare)
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Mental health problems following military missions : Veterans' experiences of the quality of care
- 2019
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Ingår i: Archives of Women Health and Care. - : Research Open. ; 2:5, s. 1-2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this brief report is to present empirical data on female and male military veterans’ experiences of the quality of care they have received for mental health problems, following international military peace enforcement operations. The sample consists of all Swedish veterans who completed such missions during 2011–2015. The instrument Quality from the Patient’s Perspective (QPP) was used to assess experienced quality of care. Results show that female responders tended to experience the actual care received slightly less favorably than men. The most striking finding is that the mean scores of both men and women, and women in particular, were considerably lower (indicating that the quality of care was perceived as poor) than what has been reported in numerous previous studies using the QPP in a broad array of care contexts. Results were discussed in terms of lack of knowledge regarding veterans among health care professionals and stereotype conceptions of women in the military.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Larsson, Gerry, Professor, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Military psychology in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Handbook of Military psychology. - : Springer. - 9783319661902 - 9783319661926 ; , s. 519-523
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden is the country on earth with the longest unbroken period of peace (since 1814). However, since the Balkan conflicts in the early 1990s, Swedish military forces have been frequently engaged in multinational peacekeeping and peace enforcement operations. Military psychology in Sweden needs to be seen against this background. In the last decade, psychologists have been involved in selection, deployment psychology, occupational healthcare, veteran affairs, research and education. A consequence of this diversity is that military psychology as a concept and source of common identification no longer plays an important part. However, different aspects of psychology still play, and will likely continue to play, an important part in the Swedish military and civilian defence organization.
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