| 1. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(författare)
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171 forskare: ”Vi vuxna bör också klimatprotestera”
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - Stockholm. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 26/9. Vuxna bör följa uppmaningen från ungdomarna i Fridays for future-rörelsen och protestera eftersom det politiska ledarskapet är otillräckligt. Omfattande och långvariga påtryckningar från hela samhället behövs för att få de politiskt ansvariga att utöva det ledarskap som klimatkrisen kräver, skriver 171 forskare i samhällsvetenskap och humaniora.
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| 15. |
- Jahncke, Helena, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Symposium: Återhämtning och ledarskap i flexibla arbeten: resultat från ett forskningsprojekt på Trafikverket
- 2018
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Ingår i: FALF KONFERENS 2018 Arbetet – problem eller potential för en hållbar livsmiljö? 10-12 juni 2018 Gävle. - Gävle : Gävle University Press. - 9789188145284 ; , s. 78-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroduktionDen stressrelaterade ohälsan ökar i samhället i stort och det är möjligt att bristande återhämtning kan vara bidragande. Det finns dock ännu inte några tydliga svar på hur ett gynnsamt mönster av arbete och återhämtning bör se ut. Frågan om balansen mellan krav i arbetet och möjligheter till återhämtning är särskilt aktuell i yrken där digital teknik möjliggör flexibelt arbete, dvs. ett arbete där de anställda till stor del själva kan styra över sin arbetstid, sitt arbetsställe och/eller sitt arbetssätt. Möjligheten att arbeta flexibelt kan innebära både för- och nackdelar för såväl individen som organisationen och medföra nya utmaningar för chefer när det gäller hur de ska leda sina medarbetare på ett hälsofrämjande sätt. Samtidigt kan flexibiliteten underlätta för medarbetare att få ihop livspusslet och att anpassa arbetsinsatsen utifrån arbetstoppar, vilket kan gynna organisationens produktivitet. Risken är dock att den stressrelaterade ohälsan ökar om balansen mellan arbete och återhämtning rubbas genom t.ex. övertidsarbete och ständig tillgänglighet till arbetet på ogynnsamma tider.Det här symposiet presenterar resultat från ett forskningsprojekt som undersökt flexibelt arbete på Trafikverket. I ett första steg genomfördes en kartläggning av arbetsvillkor, återhämtning och hälsa med hjälp av en webbaserad enkät till 4926 anställda. Resultaten från kartläggningen har sedan legat till grund för fokusgruppsdiskussioner med chefer och medarbetare, där åtgärdsförslag har tagits fram i syfte att förstärka fördelarna och reducera riskerna med flexibelt arbete. Även åtgärdsförslagen från fokusgrupperna kommer att presenteras vid symposiet.
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| 16. |
- Svensson, Sven, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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The association between subordinate perception of task and relation oriented leadership behaviors and sense of coherence among a sample of Swedish white-collar workers
- 2018
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Ingår i: Work. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 61:2, s. 327-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence suggests that leadership behaviours and sense of coherence influences subordinate health. The influence of leadership behaviours on subordinate sense of coherence has not been investigated in any detail. This cross-sectional quantitative study of managers and subordinates in a large governmental organisation focus on this potential association. The study used two common and empirically tested leadership styles: task oriented leadership and relations oriented leadership. In a logistic regression analysis, the association between types of leadership behaviour and SOC were analysed while controlling for age, gender, income, type of employment and organisational tenure. It was hypothesized that both task and relation oriented leadership behaviours would be positively associated with SOC, whereas a laissez faire leadership would be negatively associated with SOC. The hypotheses were not supported. Several implications for further research are discussed including capturing data about both subordinates’ preferred and perceived leadership behaviours.
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| 17. |
- Ahmadi, Elena, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Managers’ working hours and time allocation in effective SMEs – an organizational health perspective
- 2018
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Ingår i: FALF KONFERENS 2018 Arbetet – problem eller potential för en hållbar livsmiljö? 10-12 juni 2018 Gävle. - Gävle : Gävle University Press. - 9789188145284 ; , s. 118-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThere is an increased global interest in occupational health across small businesses as they represent a large share of employers in many societies. In the model of healthy work organisations, employee health is a prerequisite for higher productivity and profitability and management practices are considered as determinants of organisational health. A better understanding of how managers in effective companies use their time can offer a better understanding of how this can affect employees’ well-being and business effect-iveness. Managers’ long working hours and share of time spent on Management by Walking Around (MBWA) are considered important characteristics of managers’ work that might have consequences for employees’ and managers’ own health outcomes, as well as for organisational effectiveness. MBWA is a management technique common for successful companies in regard to their effectiveness; providing an opportunity for a spontaneous manager-subordinate interaction that might be important for employee health and wellbeing. Studies of managerial work have to some extent not clearly placed managers’ time use in the broad context of leadership, often missing to link it with leadership behaviour theories, health and effectiveness.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore, on the one hand, the total amount of working hours that managers spent, and on the other, their patterns of time allocation to different activities in effective SMEs. Research questions were: 1) What patterns regarding managers’ working hours can be identified across socio-demographic variables, leader-ship experience factors and leadership profiles in effective SMEs? 2) What patterns regarding proportions of total working hours spent on MBWA can be identified across socio-demographic variables, leadership experience factors and leadership profiles in effective SMEs?MethodThe study used data collected within the project, “Successful Companies in Gästrikland”. Annually the project nominates 120 companies for the award based on companies’ financial indicators. The study employed a cross-sectional design and analysed responses to questionnaires collected within the project during years 2014-2018. The inclusion criteria were small and medium sized companies (more than four and less than 250 subordinates), high-level managers having subordinates. Data analysis were carried out using descriptive statistics and regression analysis.ResultsThe results section is being processed and will be reported on the conference.
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| 18. |
- Benrick, Anna, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Autonomic nervous system activation mediates the increase in whole-body glucose uptake in response to electroacupuncture
- 2017
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Ingår i: Faseb Journal. - : Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. - 0892-6638 .- 1530-6860. ; 31:8, s. 3288-3297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A single bout of low-frequency electroacupuncture (EA) causing muscle contractions increases whole-body glucose uptake in insulin-resistant rats. We explored the underlying mechanism of this finding and whether it can be translated into clinical settings. Changes in glucose infusion rate (GIR) were measured by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp during and after 45 min of low-frequency EA in 21 overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 21 controls matched for age, weight, and body mass index (experiment 1) and in rats receiving autonomic receptor blockers (experiment 2). GIR was higher after EA in controls and women with PCOS. Plasma serotonin levels and homovanillic acid, markers of vagal activity, decreased in both controls and patients with PCOS. Adipose tissue expression of pro-nerve growth factor (proNGF) decreased, and the mature NGF/proNGF ratio increased after EA in PCOS, but not in controls, suggesting increased sympathetic-driven adipose tissue metabolism. Administration of alpha-/beta-adrenergic receptor blockers in rats blocked the increase in GIR in response to EA. Muscarinic and dopamine receptor antagonist also blocked the response but with slower onset. In conclusion, a single bout of EA increases whole-body glucose uptake by activation of the sympathetic and partly the parasympathetic nervous systems, which could have important clinical implications for the treatment of insulin resistance.
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| 19. |
- Bergsten, Eva L., 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of an ergonomic intervention in Swedish flight baggage handlers
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Flight baggage handling is a worldwide occupation where baggage and cargo is sorted, loaded and unloaded on and off aircrafts. With the ultimate purpose of reducing and preventing musculoskeletal disorders among flight baggage handlers in Sweden, the Vocational Training and Working Environment Council (TYA) - a council formed by employers and unions in the Swedish transportation sector – initiated and implemented a project (2010-2012). This project revealed that ergonomics equipment was not used adequately, and this was considered a major factor of concern. Therefore, a training program was initiated 2014 in one handling company, aiming to improve ergonomics, behavior and attitudes. We evaluated the implementation process with regard to process items, intermediate outcomes, barriers and facilitators; for the purpose of gaining knowledge that could facilitate successful implementation in other handling companies. Methods: A mixed methods design was applied, based on qualitative and quantitative data. We evaluated six process items, recruitment, context, reach, dose delivered, dose received and satisfaction; intermediate outcomes of the intervention; skills, confidence and behaviour in the workforce; barriers and facilitators for successful implementation. Data was retrieved using company data, course evaluations, web questionnaires, and telephone interviews with company ‘observers’ and key persons. Preliminary results: The implementation process was judged to be feasible with regard to some of the process items. According to the informants, work place behaviour related to use of equipment had, however, not changed after the training period. Reported barriers were, 1) insufficient time and leader support for practicing new procedures during and after the training, 2) simultaneous reorganization of teams and work tasks, 3) lack of follow-up of the training, which would have supported good performance according to the informants. Conclusion: The implementation process was hampered by barriers, some of which could be addressed in future ergonomics training programs in other baggage handling companies.
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| 20. |
- Bergsten, Eva L., 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of an ergonomics intervention in a Swedish flight baggage handling company : a process evaluation
- 2018
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To conduct a process evaluation of the implementation of an ergonomics training program aimed at increasing the use of loading assist devices in flight baggage handling.Methods: Feasibility (recruitment, reach, context, dose delivered, dose received, satisfaction); intermediate outcomes (skills, confidence and behaviors); and barriers and facilitators of the training intervention were assessed by qualitative and quantitative methods.Results: Implementation proved feasible regarding dose delivered, dose received and satisfaction. Confidence among participants in the training program in using and talking about devices, observed use of devices among colleagues, and internal feedback on work behavior increased significantly (p<0.01). Main facilitators were self-efficacy, motivation, and perceived utility of training among the trainees. Barriers included lack of peer support, opportunities to observe and practice behaviors, and follow-up activities; as well as staff reduction and job insecurity.Conclusions: In identifying important barriers and facilitators for a successful outcome, our study can help supporting the effectiveness of future interventions. Our results show that barriers caused by organizational changes may likely be alleviated by recruiting motivated trainees and securing strong organizational support for the implementation.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Eriksson, Per-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Collaborative Procurement Strategies for Infrastructure Projects : A Multiple Case Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. - : Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE). - 1751-4304 .- 1751-4312. ; 172:5, s. 197-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the announcement to tender a project, several strategic decisions are made that have significant impact on the innovation and efficiency potential of a project. The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare how different types of integrative and collaborative procurement strategies may enhance the opportunities for improved efficiency and innovation in infrastructure projects. Hence, it contributes to the scientific debate on buyer-supplier relationships in relation to project performance. Furthermore, it guides public client organizations in steering explicitly for integration and innovation in their projects. Interview-based case studies of ten public infrastructure projects procured based on four different types of collaborative procurement strategies in Sweden and the Netherlands were conducted. The findings indicate that the duration of the collaboration is fundamental in setting the limits for innovation, and that early involvement as well as long-term commitments in maintenance open up for more innovation. Naturally, the potential for increased efficiency is higher than for innovation, and also occurs in collaborations with limited duration. The findings confirm the importance of a learning perspective on procurement strategies for public client organizations and show the importance of explicit considerations on incentives and project governance issues in the front-end phase of a project.
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| 23. |
- Eriksson, Per-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Managing complex projects in the infrastructure sector : A structural equation model for flexibility-focused project management
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Project Management. - : Elsevier. - 0263-7863 .- 1873-4634. ; 35:8, s. 1512-1523
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Complex construction projects in the infrastructure sector are often beset with delays, which cause benefit shortfalls and increased costs. Prior project management literature and practice have mostly adopted a traditional control-focused approach, but recent research suggests that complex projects need more flexible practices to manage inevitable project change. Thus, the objectives of this study were to develop and empirically test a model for flexibility-focused project management practices to improve time performance in complex projects in the infrastructure sector. Based on empirical data from 138 construction projects procured and managed by the Swedish Transport Administration, the structural equation model shows that complexity and collaboration drive explorative learning, which improves adaptation and thereby improves time performance. Hence, the empirical test verifies that flexibility-focused project management practices based on collaboration, explorative learning, and adaptation enhance time performance in complex projects in the infrastructure sector.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Fall, Tove, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Reference Intervals for Fecal Calprotectin in Adults Using Two Different Extraction Methods in the Uppsala-SCAPIS Cohort
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinical Laboratory. - 1433-6510. ; 63:9, s. 1493-1496
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Fecal calprotectin measurement is generally recommended to exclude inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in patients with suspected IBD. A problem with the fecal calprotectin assays so far has been the rather long test-turnaround times. Recently a particle enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay (PETIA) for fecal calprotectin with assay times of approximately 10 minutes has been introduced on the European market. The aim of this study was to define reference intervals for adults with this new fecal calprotectin PETIA using two different extraction methods. Methods: Samples were collected from 382 healthy individuals from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) Uppsala cohort in the age range 50 - 65 years. 202 samples were processed with CALEX® Cap extraction device (BÜHLMANN, Schönenbuch, Switzerland) and 180 samples were extracted using weighed samples. The extracted samples were analyzed on a Mindray BS-380 using the fCal Turbo PETIA reagent (BÜHLMANN). Results: The calculated reference values for the Calex device were < 199 µg/g for the whole cohort, < 184 µg/g for females, and < 215 µg/g for males, while the corresponding values for weighed samples were < 153 µg/g for the whole cohort, < 141 µg/g for females, and < 215 µg/g for males. There were no significant statistical differences for calprotectin levels in males and females. Conclusions: The CALEX device yielded slightly higher calprotectin values. As there were no significant gender differences, the study indicates gender independent reference intervals of < 199 µg/g feces for the CALEX device and < 153 µg/g feces for weighed samples in patients in the 50 - 65 year age range.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Fredriksson, Nils Johan, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Recurrent promoter mutations in melanoma are defined by an extended context-specific mutational signature
- 2017
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Ingår i: Plos Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404 .- 1553-7390. ; 13:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sequencing of whole tumor genomes holds the promise of revealing functional somatic regulatory mutations, such as those described in the TERT promoter. Recurrent promoter mutations have been identified in many additional genes and appear to be particularly common in melanoma, but convincing functional data such as influence on gene expression has been more elusive. Here, we show that frequently recurring promoter mutations in melanoma occur almost exclusively at cytosines flanked by a distinct sequence signature, TTCCG, with TERT as a notable exception. In active, but not inactive, promoters, mutation frequencies for cytosines at the 5' end of this ETS-like motif were considerably higher than expected based on a UV trinucleotide mutational signature. Additional analyses solidify this pattern as an extended context-specific mutational signature that mediates an exceptional position-specific vulnerability to UV mutagenesis, arguing against positive selection. We further use ultra-sensitive amplicon sequencing to demonstrate that cell cultures exposed to UV light quickly develop subclonal mutations specifically in affected positions. Our findings have implications for the interpretation of somatic mutations in regulatory regions, and underscore the importance of genomic context and extended sequence patterns to accurately describe mutational signatures in cancer.
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| 28. |
- Järvenpää, Anna-Therése, et al.
(författare)
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The Transition from Design-Bid-Build Contracts to Design-Build
- 2019
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose–For a number of years, the construction industry has seen an ongoing shift from design-bid-buildto design-build contracts. This transition in contract type entails changes for both the organizations and theindividuals involved. Consequently, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how the client manages thetransition between the different contract types from an organizational change perspective in a project-ledorganization.Design/Methodology/Approach–A multiple case study of six infrastructure projects with DBcontracts, all managed by the Swedish Transport Administration, was conducted. The major source of data issemi-structured interviews with respondents from both the client and the contractors.Findings–Results suggest that the transition has resulted in a mix of design-bid-build and design-build ascontract type owing to issues when changing in a project-led organization. A change in vision also requires aconcomitant change in culture, systems and roles.Research Limitations/Implications–The study only includes cases from the Swedish transportinfrastructure sector, which limits the generalizability. Thefindings are also indicative owing to the smallnumber of cases.Practical Implications–Thefindings further our understanding of managing change in complexprojects, which might help practitioners to manage change in a more integrated way.Originality/Value–Thefindings enrich our understanding of the systemic change that a switch incontract types can have in inter-organizational complex projects such as transport infrastructure projects.Furthermore, it emphasizes the intricate task of change management in project-led organizations and itseffects on roles and responsibilities.
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| 29. |
- Karrbom Gustavsson, Tina, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Procurement Research: Current State and Future Challenges in the Nordic Countries
- 2019
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Ingår i: 10th Nordic Conference on Construction Economics and Organization (Emerald Reach Proceedings Series, Volume 2). - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. ; , s. 195-204, s. 195-204
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose of the study is to map previous and current construction procurement research to further develop the research in the Nordic counties.Design/Methodology/ApproachMapping of previous and current research based on search in national database. The analysis is based on research perspectives, empirical contexts and research methods.FindingsThat the blind spots are partly overlapping, but that there is potential for knowledge transfer in some areas. There is also the potential for a Nordic research program on one or several of the blind spots.Research Limitations/ImplicationsThe study is limited to PhD and licentiate-thesis reports in Norway and Sweden. Further research should include the other Nordic countries and a more extensive literature review including journal articles to broaden the scope. Findings have implications on collaborative Nordic research initiatives, knowledge transfer and in a longer perspective on the level of procurement knowledge in industry and society.Practical ImplicationsFindings provide a base for future research collaborations, initiatives and applications.Originality/ValueFindings provide a comprehensive understanding of construction procurement research in the Nordic countries, starting with Norway and Sweden. This understanding is needed for developing research collaborations and applications.
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| 30. |
- Krantz, Jan, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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‘Eco-Hauling’ Principles to Reduce Carbon Emissions and the Costs of Earthmoving : a Case Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 208, s. 479-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mitigating emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases is critical if we are to meet the increasing threats posed by global warming. Previous studies have shown conclusively that a substantial part of all carbon dioxide emissions comes from transportation, and that Eco-Driving principles based upon strategic, tactical, and operational decisions have the potential to reduce these emissions. However, these well-established principles have been neglected within the construction industry despite the large number of transport-related activities that attend most construction projects. This paper therefore aims to increase awareness and understanding within the industry of the potential reductions of both carbon dioxide emissions and the costs of earthmoving activities that could be achieved through the use of Eco-Driving principles. A new concept labeled ‘Eco-Hauling’, which extends the Eco-Driving concept to earthmoving, is proposed. A case study of a road project has been conducted and used to demonstrate the new concept. Discrete-event simulation is used to support the data analysis as it enables modeling of the dynamic interactions between equipment and activities of multiple different construction scenarios. The presented findings show that a combination of decisions taken from the proposed Eco-Hauling concept can enable earthmoving contractors to substantially reduce carbon dioxide emissions and costs while maintaining productivity. This study has implications for the general advancement of Eco-Driving theory, as well as for project management as it sets out a viable approach for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in construction projects.
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| 31. |
- Krantz, Jan, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the Case Study Usage in Construction Engineering and Management Research
- 2017
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Ingår i: ICCREM 2017. - Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). - 9780784481080 ; , s. 38-46
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Case studies have become more common and accepted among researchers across a wide array of academic disciplines including construction engineering and management (CEM) research. Among mainstream case study literature, the case study approach is seen primarily as a research method to be used in social sciences to study social phenomena. However, CEM is not considered a social science and construction engineering (CE) often do not study social phenomena. Instead, the field revolves around quantitative and engineering-based matters. This paper aims at studying the usage and characteristics of case studies in CEM research to determine if current literatures on case studies are sufficient for the field or if new approaches are needed. This is conducted through a quantitative inquiry into data from scientific databases and a qualitative analysis of several case study papers in the field of CEM. The results show that case studies are common in the field and in CE they often are used to demonstrate proposed frameworks or models. However, case study literature does not sufficiently describe this approach to case studies, which suggests that the literature needs to be complemented to meet the needs in CEM research.
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| 32. |
- Larssen, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Tracing Cellular Origin of Human Exosomes Using Multiplex Proximity Extension Assay
- 2017
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Ingår i: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. - 1535-9476 .- 1535-9484. ; 16:3, s. 502-511
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-coated objects such as exosomes and microvesicles, released by many cell-types. Their presence in body fluids and the variable surface composition and content render them attractive potential biomarkers. The ability to determine their cellular origin could greatly move the field forward. We used multiplex proximity extension assays (PEA) to identify with high specificity and sensitivity the protein profiles of exosomes of different origins, including seven cell lines and two different body fluids. By comparing cells and exosomes, we successfully identified the cells originating the exosomes. Furthermore, by principal component analysis of protein patterns human milk EVs and prostasomes released from prostate acinar cells clustered with cell lines from breast and prostate tissues, respectively. Milk exosomes uniquely expressed CXCL5, MIA and KLK6, while prostasomes carried NKX31, GSTP1 and SRC, highlighting that EVs originating from different origins express distinct proteins. In conclusion, PEA provides a powerful protein screening tool in exosome research, for purposes of identifying the cell source of exosomes, or new biomarkers in diseases such as cancer and inflammation.
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| 33. |
- Larsson, Johan, 1979-
(författare)
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Healthy and effective leadership behaviour through a leadership development programme
- 2017
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Ingår i: Total Quality Management and Business Excellence. - London : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1478-3363 .- 1478-3371. ; 28:13-14, s. 1617-1631
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analysed the influence on leadership behaviours acquired through a structured development programme. A total of 30 municipality workplaces around the west coast of Sweden participated in a leadership intervention using a case-control design. The oneyear programme included lectures, seminars, group and individual reflection, and for some participants, an intervention that included group development activities with subordinates. The intervention was based on the healthy and effective leadership (HEL) model. The model draws from common leadership behaviours in successful organisations. Among municipalities in western Sweden, does subordinate perception of their managers’ HEL behaviours differ between subordinates whose managers participated in one-year leadership development programs and subordinates whose managers were in a control group? The leadership development programme, both with and without a systematic group development process, had a significant positive relation with the change in the HEL behaviour index when controlled for age, gender and education compared with a control group from the same region and sector. Further research is suggested using longitudinal leadership behaviour intervention studies that focus on both subordinate health and organisational effectiveness.
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| 34. |
- Larsson, Johan, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Increased innovation through change in early design procedures
- 2016
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Ingår i: 19th IABSE Congress Strockholm 21-23 September 2016. - CH - 8093 Zürich, Switzerland. - 9783857481444 ; , s. 685-692
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing industrial productivity and innovation is essential to meet needs to reduce lead times and costs. However, diffusion of systemic innovations in project-based industries (PBIs), such as the infrastructure sector, has proven difficult. The Swedish Transport Administration (STA) has unique opportunity to influence the degree of innovation in the sector, due to its strong position as the largest public client of infrastructure in Sweden. Therefore, the aims of an ongoing study reported here are to identify and evaluate challenges and requirements affecting the diffusion of innovation related to this key client. This is being done by examining relevant aspects of construction infrastructure projects executed via the pre-defined design procedure currently applied by STA. The results reveal that the procedure hampers diffusion since certain activities must be performed early, is applied indiscriminately to all types of projects, and hinders inter-organizational collaboration.
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| 35. |
- Larsson, Johan, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of hard project management and team motivation for construction project performance
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Managing Projects in Business/Emerald. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1753-8378 .- 1753-8386. ; 11:2, s. 275-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeHard project management practices, based on strict planning and control, are traditionally applied in construction projects, although research frequently promotes the importance of teams for various project outcomes. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to examine the importance of hard project management and team motivation for process performance in construction projects. A hypothesis tested is that hard project management can impair process performance if team motivation is not promoted.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents and empirically tests a structural equation model, with and without a mediating link between hard project management and process performance, based on data from a survey of 2,175 respondents, representing contractors and clients involved in 109 Swedish construction projects.FindingsThe results confirm that hard project management is best conveyed through teams to enhance process performance. “Path analysis,” using the model with the mediating link, confirms that neglecting team motivation can significantly impair process performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe data set provides unusually high representation of views of contractors and clients involved in diverse Swedish construction projects. Thus, the results have likely relevance in other project-based industries and/or national settings, but this possibility requires further investigation.Originality/valueThe findings show that team motivation is a key process performance factor; hard project management may indeed be important, but its effects will be enhanced by (and partially mediated through) team motivation. Thus, the findings have important theoretical and practical implications for the development of project management practices.
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| 36. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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On the association between body fat and left ventricular mass
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - 0263-6352 .- 1473-5598. ; 37:8, s. 1699-1704
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: As intervention studies have shown a reduction in body weight to be paralleled with a reduction in left ventricular mass (LVM), we quantified a hypothesized causal relationship between fat mass and LVM, and how much of these effects that was mediated by blood pressure (BP), diabetes and adipokines. Also visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT and SAT) were explored in the same fashion.Methods: In the Prospective Study of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors study (n = 1016, 50% women, all aged 70 years), LVM was measured by echocardiography (indexed for lean mass, LVMI), fat and lean mass by dual-energy X-ray. VAT and SAT were measured by abdominal MRI (in n = 275).Results: In a structural equation model adjusting for sex, the total effect of fat mass on LVMI was large (standardized coefficient 0.280, P = 3.2 × 10−15, 95% confidence interval 0.210–0.349). Out of the total effect of fat mass on LVMI, 29.0% was mediated by BP and glucose (P = 2.4 × 10−12). The BP pathway was most important, mediating 24.4% of the total effect of fat mass on LVMI (P = 4.6 × 10−7), while the glucose pathway accounted for 4.6% (P = 0.033). The association of VAT with LVMI (0.202, P = 2.4 × 10−4) was slightly weaker than that of SAT with LVMI (0.283, P = 1.0 × 10−6). Of several measured adipokines, leptin was a significant mediator of the effect of fat mass on LVMI (P = 3.0 × 10−3).Conclusion: One-third of the hypothesized association between body fat and LVMI was mediated by BP and glucose in this population-based cohort. Leptin was also an important mediator. Visceral adipose tissue was not more closely related to LVMI than subcutaneous abdominal fat.
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| 37. |
- Mikaelsson, Lars Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated planning for sustainable building production : an evolution over three decades
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Civil Engineering and Management. - : Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. - 1392-3730 .- 1822-3605. ; 23:2, s. 319-326
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reviews the authors'€™ work on Integrated Planning (IP) as a construction site management tool. IP integrates the different planning skills used by site managers, construction workers and craftspersons into an interactive group which manages a production planning process from the earliest stages to the end of a building project. The studies reviewed in this paper, performed over the last three decades, tested, longitudinally evaluated and refined the IP model for use in modern sustainable building sites. The refined model, Integrated Planning for Sustainable Building Production (SBP), includes the factors: leadership, health and safety, quality management and environmental management.
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| 38. |
- Olofsson, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Product and Process Platforms in Transport Infrastructure Projects
- 2016
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Ingår i: IABSE CONGRESS, STOCKHOLM, 2016. - CH - 8093 Zürich, Switzerland. ; , s. 529-536
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Construction is traditionally a trade that produces unique, one-off products designed specifically according to the project requirements. However, recently developed flexible product and process platforms in industrialized house building based on the theory of mass customisation offer products that can be customized to a large extent with affordable costs. In this paper we present a framework for how a product and process platform can be developed and used in a traditional engineer-to-order design and construction of transport infrastructure products. The framework is exemplified in a case study, where a typical concrete bridge type is modularised and customized using a product configurator. A database driven simulation model using process patterns and values stored in the platform, is then constructed to test the buildability of the bridge configuration. The results presented provide evidence that product and process platforms can support the design, and planning process of transport infrastructure projects, by integrating product and process information. The results specifically demonstrate how product configuration and database-driven simulation can be used to evaluate the effects of design alternatives and construction methods on performance measures such as productivity and environmental impact.
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| 39. |
- Olsson, Jerry, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Transport and logistics facilities expansion and social sustainability: A critical discussion and findings from the City of Gothenburg
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ports’ importance for international trade and for local, regional, and national economies is often empha-sized by port authorities, governments, and the business community alike. The argument goes that the port has to grow for domestic industry to be competitive internationally and against other ports with over-lapping hinterland. At the same time, port growth also generates more freight to be transported and stored, putting stress on the city, its urban landscape and social sustainability. The aim of this report is to contribute with a critical discussion concerning the relationship between investments and expansions in [transport] infrastructure and logistics facilities, national and local policies, and social sustainability. The point of departure is that the port-city relationship is multifaceted and difficult to delimit spatially, but needs to include factors such as institutions, governance, democratic planning processes, transparency, and citizen participation. The management of road and rail links and the siting and management of ma-jor nodal facilities such as port terminals and warehouses is crucial in this balance. This concern has both a very local neighbourhood dimension and a wider urban dimension. At the local level, the direct interface with communities and the urban landscape is at stake, while at the metropolitan scale, the impact of freight networks and infrastructure on urban structure and performance is important. The work is funded by the Foundation for Economic Research in West Sweden.
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| 40. |
- Pesämaa, Ossi, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Role of Performance Feedback on Process Performance in Construction Projects : Client and Contractor Perspectives
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Management in Engineering. - : American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). - 0742-597X .- 1943-5479. ; 34:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study addressed a perceived research gap by examining the role of performance feedback in construction process performance from both client and contractor perspectives using a database of unprecedented scale, with 2,175 sets of observations (expressed views of 579 clients and 1,596 contractors involved in diverse Swedish construction projects). Following validation of latent concepts by multigroup assessment of responses across the two groups (clients and contractors), using confirmatory factor analysis, this enabled robust tests of evidence of structural paths (potentially causal or mediating relationships) embedded in both groups’ responses. The results confirmed, with unprecedented clarity, that performance feedback has significant, direct positive effects on construction process performance, and that performance feedback mediates (i.e., strengthens) effects of learning and collaboration on process performance.
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| 41. |
- Svensson, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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External workers' perception of leadership behaviour - a study of Swedish temporary agency workers and contractors
- 2015
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Ingår i: Human Resource Management Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-5395 .- 1748-8583. ; 25:2, s. 250-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing prevalence of externalised work arrangements in industrialised countries has brought with it ever greater managerial complexity in the workplace. This article explores how leadership behaviour is perceived by internal and external workers within a public authority in Sweden. Questionnaire data from 505 temporary agency workers (TAWs), contractors and internal employees have been analysed. Multinomial logistic regression analyses indicate that external workers such as TAWs and contractors are more likely than internal employees to notice leadership profiles, including pronounced, task-oriented leadership behaviour. These results hold true when controlled for demographic and socio-economic variables and organisational tenure. A practical implication is that explicit attention should be paid to the need for leadership training in developing HRM strategies with regard to external employees.
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| 42. |
- Volker, Leentje, et al.
(författare)
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A case based comparison of the efficiency and innovation potential of integrative and collaborative procurement strategies
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceeding of the 34th Annual ARCOM Conference, ARCOM 2018. - : Association of Researchers in Construction Management (ARCOM). ; , s. 515-524
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to investigate and compare in what ways different types of integrative and collaborative procurement strategies may enhance efficiency and innovation in public infrastructure projects. Further, implementation challenges are identified and discussed. Interview-based case studies were performed of ten infrastructure projects in Sweden and the Netherlands. The projects involve four types of collaborative procurement strategies - collaborative Design-Build (DB) contracts, Early Contractor Involvement (ECI) agreements, Design-Build-Maintain (DBM) contracts and Design-Build-Finance-Maintain (DBFM) contracts. The findings indicate that the duration of the collaboration is fundamental in setting the limits for innovation and that early involvement as well as long-term commitments open up for more innovation. Naturally, the potential for increased efficiency is higher than for innovation and also occurs in collaborations with limited duration. These integrated project approaches, however, still appear to be in an early stage of learning. For a public repeat client to realise the full potential of a new strategy, it is important to have a long-term perspective and capabilities to analyse and learn from the experiences.
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