| 1. |
- Ahlqvist, Eva-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Allt ljus på Montessoripedagogiken
- 2007
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Ingår i: Sydsvenska Dagbladet. ; :2007-05-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Joel Håkan, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of Homogenization and its Influence on the Repair Welding of Cast Allvac 718Plus
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of The 7th International Symposium on Superalloy 718 and Derivatives, TMS (The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society). - Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. - 9781617827709 ; 1, s. 439-454, s. 439-454
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heat treatment experiments have been carried out to bring understanding to the efficacy of different temperatures and dwell times on the degree of homogenization of the cast Allvac 718Plus alloy which is prone to segregation mainly due to its high content of niobium. The effect of homogenization on weld repair was also examined. The homogenization heat treatment temperatures ranged from 1050°C to 1200°C with 1hr, 5 hrs and 10 hrs dwell times. The degree of homogenization was measured as the reduction of the amount of Laves phase by manual point counting in an optical microscope at high magnification. Longer range, interdendritic, patterns were established through line scan EDS analysis in SEM. It was found that short time (1hr) does not significantly reduce the amount of Laves phase whereas 5 hrs and 10hrs are much more efficient. Interdendritic homogenization does not occur to any measurable extent even at the highest temperature and longest dwell time (1200°C-10hrs) which was also reflected in bulk macro Vickers hardness tests.In the weld repair tests, one of the most homogenized material conditions (1125°C-5hrs +1200°C-10hrs) turned out to be the most prone to cracking while the number of weld cracks after a moderate homogenization heat treatment (1125°C-5hrs) was much smaller .
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| 3. |
- Banyoi, Silvia-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of exposure to environmentally relevant PFAS concentrations for aquatic organisms at different consumer trophic levels : Systematic review and meta-analyses
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 315
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is a collective name for approximately 4700 synthetic chemicals ubiquitous in the aquatic environment worldwide. They are used in a wide array of products and are found in living organisms around the world. Some PFAS have been associated with cancer, developmental toxicity, endocrine disruption, and other health effects. Only a fraction of PFAS are currently monitored and regulated and the presence and effects on aquatic organisms of many PFAS are largely unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the health effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of PFAS on aquatic organisms at different consumer trophic levels through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The main result shows that PFAS in concentrations up to 13.5 μg/L have adverse effects on body size variables for secondary consumers. However, no significant effects on liver or gonad somatic indices and neither on fecundity were found. In addition, the results show that there are large research gaps for PFAS effects on different organisms in aquatic environments at environmentally relevant concentrations. Most studies have been performed on secondary consumers and there is a substantial lack of studies on other consumers in aquatic ecosystems.
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| 4. |
- Borssén, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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DNA methylation holds prognostic information in relapsed precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical Epigenetics. - : BIOMED CENTRAL LTD. - 1868-7083 .- 1868-7075. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Few biological markers are associated with survival after relapse of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). In pediatric T-cell ALL, we have identified promoter-associated methylation alterations that correlate with prognosis. Here, the prognostic relevance of CpG island methylation phenotype (CIMP) classification was investigated in pediatric BCP-ALL patients.Methods: Six hundred and one BCP-ALL samples from Nordic pediatric patients (age 1-18) were CIMP classified at initial diagnosis and analyzed in relation to clinical data.Results: Among the 137 patients that later relapsed, patients with a CIMP-profile (n = 42) at initial diagnosis had an inferior overall survival (pOS(5years) 33%) compared to CIMP+ patients (n = 95, pOS(5years) 65%) (p = 0.001), which remained significant in a Cox proportional hazards model including previously defined risk factors.Conclusion: CIMP classification is a strong candidate for improved risk stratification of relapsed BCP-ALL.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Dublinowska, M., et al.
(författare)
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Intersexuality in the Blue Mussel Mytilus edulis Complex (Mytilidae) from the Baltic Sea and the Danish Strait
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Malacological Bulletin. - : American Malacological Society. - 0740-2783 .- 2162-2698. ; 34:1, s. 28-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Populations of Mytilus edulis complex were studied from 13 stations located at three areas of the Baltic Sea (the Gulf of Gdańsk, Poland; Tvärminne area, Finland; Trosa Archipelago, Sweden) and the Skagerrak sound (Kristineberg, Sweden). The main purpose of the study was to document the occurrence of intersexuality along longitudinal salinity change using squash and histology for comparative reasons. Intersex was identified in all four geographical areas at an average frequency of 1.8%. Squash technique revealed the highest intersex frequency in the Gulf of Gdańsk (up to 6.25%) whereas histology examination did so in the Kristineberg area (up to 10%). In the Tvärminne area and in the Trosa Archipelago the average frequency of intersex did not exceed 2% regardless of the technique used; this suggests a natural induction of the phenomenon. Statistically significant spatial differences in intersex frequency were confirmed for mussels inhabiting polluted hotspots in the Gulf of Gdańsk and at the west coast of Sweden (Kristineberg). Therefore, for these localities artificial induction of intersexuality as a consequence of adverse environmental threats (pollution, parasite outbreaks) is further suggested. Furthermore, squash technique - being less sensitive in identifying intersex when compared to histology - is not recommended for mussels with severe reproductive impairments making a proper analysis of gonads impossible. Intersexual individuals were also characterized by less developed gonads and lower gonado-somatic index (GSI) than males and females. Significantly lower GSI revealed less energy allocation towards reproduction in populations from the Trosa Archipelago and Tvärminne area in comparison to those from the Gulf of Gdańsk and from Kristineberg.
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| 7. |
- Eggertsen, Maria, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Coral-macroalgae interactions : herbivory and substrate type influence growth of the macroalgae Eucheuma denticulatum on a tropical reef
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Invasive macroalgae can alter coral reef habitats by causing phase shifts from coral to macroalgal domination with negative ecological effects and dramatic reductions in coral cover. In Tanzania, South East Asian haplotypes of the macroalgae Eucheuma denticulatum, documented to overgrow reef corals in other locations, have been introduced through seaweed farming practices. In this study we examine growth and holdfast development of introduced and native E. denticulatum on live and dead branches of Acropora sp. in the presence and absence of herbivores in Unguja Island, Zanzibar. Coral and macroalgae health were also estimated. Macroalgae did not attach to any live coral. Coral health was not impacted by the presence of E. denticulatum regardless of origin and gene expression analyses did not indicate any additional stress in corals. Necrotic tissue on the macroalgae in areas of direct contact indicated damage inflicted by the coral. The biomass of E. denticulatum did not differ between live or dead corals but was strongly influenced by herbivory. The study indicates that E. denticulatum may not pose a strong immediate threat to healthy acroporids in the WIO region but stresses the importance to keep corals healthy and maintaining viable populations of macroalgae feeding species.
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| 8. |
- Eggertsen, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Coral-macroalgal interactions : Herbivory and substrate type influence growth of the macroalgae Eucheuma denticulatum (N.L. Burman) Collins & Hervey, 1917 on a tropical coral reef
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-0981 .- 1879-1697. ; 542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduced macroalgae becoming invasive may alter ecological functions and habitats in recipient ecosystems. In the Western Indian Ocean (WIO), non-native strains of the native macroalgae Eucheuma denticulatum were introduced for farming practices and consequently spread into the surrounding seascape. We investigated potential effects of non-native and native strains of this macroalgae on a branching coral. We conducted a four-factor field experiment where we examined growth and holdfast development of introduced and native E. denticulatum on live and dead branches of Acropora sp. in the presence and absence of herbivores in Unguja Island, Zanzibar. Moreover, we estimated coral and macroalgae condition by visual examinations, gene expression analyses, and photosynthetic measurements. Macroalgae did not attach to any live coral and coral condition was not impacted by the presence of E. denticulatum, regardless of geographical origin. Instead, necrotic tissue on the macroalgae in areas of direct contact with corals indicated damage inflicted by the coral. The biomass of E. denticulatum did not differ between the replicates attached to live or dead corals in the experiment, yet biomass was strongly influenced by herbivory and replicates without protection from herbivores had a significantly lower biomass. In the absence of herbivory, introduced E. denticulatum had significantly higher growth rates than native algae based on wet weight measurements. These results contribute to an increased understanding of environmental effects by the farming of a non-native strain of algae on corals and stresses the importance to maintain viable populations of macroalgal feeding fishes in such areas.
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| 9. |
- Eggertsen, Maria, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Different environmental variables predict distribution and cover of the introduced red seaweed Eucheuma denticulatum in two geographical locations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biological Invasions. - : Springer. - 1387-3547 .- 1573-1464. ; 23, s. 1049-1067
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we examined abiotic and biotic factors that could potentially influence the presence of a non-indigenous seaweed, Eucheuma denticulatum, in two locations, one outside (Kane’ohe Bay, Hawai’i, USA) and one within (Mafia Island, Tanzania) its natural geographical range. We hypothesized that the availability of hard substrate and the amount of wave exposure would explain distribution patterns, and that higher abundance of herbivorous fishes in Tanzania would exert stronger top–down control than in Hawai’i. To address these hypotheses, we surveyed E. denticulatum in sites subjected to different environmental conditions and used generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to identify predictors of E. denticulatum presence. We also estimated grazing intensity on E. denticulatum by surveying the type and the amount of grazing scars. Finally, we used molecular tools to distinguish between indigenous and non-indigenous strains of E. denticulatum on Mafia Island. In Kane’ohe Bay, the likelihood of finding E. denticulatum increased with wave exposure, whereas on Mafia Island, the likelihood increased with cover of coral rubble, and decreased with distance from areas of introduction (AOI), but this decrease was less pronounced in the presence of coral rubble. Grazing intensity was higher in Kane’ohe Bay than on Mafia Island. However, we still suggest that efforts to reduce non-indigenous E. denticulatum should include protection of important herbivores in both sites because of the high levels of grazing close to AOI. Moreover, we recommend that areas with hard substrate and high structural complexity should be avoided when farming non-indigenous strains of E. denticulatum.
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| 10. |
- Eggertsen, Maria, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Different environmental variables predict distribution of the introduced red seaweed Eucheuma denticulatum in two geographical locations
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this study we examined abiotic and biotic factors that could potentially influence the presence of a non-indigenous seaweed, Eucheuma denticulatum, in two locations, one outside (Kane’ohe Bay, Hawai’i, USA) and one within (Mafia Island, Tanzania) its natural geographical range. We hypothesized that the availability of hard substrate and the amount of wave exposure would explain distribution patterns, and that higher abundance of herbivorous fishes in Tanzania would exert stronger top-down control than in Hawai’i. To address these hypotheses, we surveyed E. denticulatum in sites subjected to different environmental conditions and used generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to identify predictors of E. denticulatum presence. We also estimated grazing intensity on E. denticulatum by surveying the type and the amount of grazing scars. Finally, we used molecular tools to distinguish between indigenous and non-indigenous strains of E. denticulatum on Mafia Island. In Kane’ohe Bay, the likelihood of finding E. denticulatum increased with wave exposure, whereas on Mafia Island, the likelihood increased with cover of coral rubble, and decreased with distance from areas of introduction (AOI), but this decrease was less pronounced in the presence of coral rubble. Grazing intensity was higher in Kane’ohe Bay than on Mafia Island. However, we still suggest that efforts to reduce non-indigenous E. denticulatum should include protection of important herbivores in both sites, because of the high amount of grazing damages close to AOI. Moreover, we recommend that areas with hard substrate and high structural complexity should be avoided when farming non-indigenous strains of E. denticulatum.
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| 11. |
- Eriksson, Charli, et al.
(författare)
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Med kraft och vilja 2010 : alkohol- och drogförebyggande arbete inom Socialstyrelsens stöd till frivilligorganisationer
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten syftar till att ge en bild av den forsknings- och utvecklingsverksamhet som genomförts av forskarteamet vid Örebro universitet som knutits till Socialstyrelsens projektportfölj. Fokus ligger på 2010 års utlysning.Satsningen började 2002 genom att Socialstyrelsen fick medel från Socialdepartementet att fördela till frivilligorganisationers alkohol- och drogförebyggande arbete. Trettiotvå organisationer med totalt 39 projekt delade på 25 miljoner. Sedan dess har årligen nya medel utlysts. År 2010 var den totala summan som Socialstyrelsen hade att fördela 15 miljoner. Det var 38 organisationer som fick medel att bedriva 54 olika projekt, varav 21 var nya projekt. Dessutom har ett projekt disponerat anslag från tidigare år eftersom det blivit fördröjt. Av dessa tillhör 14 organisationer kategorin alkohol- och drogorganisationer medan betydligt fler, 24 organisationer, beviljats medel trots att de inte har alkohol- och drogförebyggande arbete som sin primära huvudinriktning. Detta ligger helt i linje med den nationella handlingsplanen som önskar ett brett engagemang i det förebyggande arbetet. Majoriteten av projekten riktar sig till målgruppen barn och ungdom. I projektportföljen ingår även projekt riktade till invandrare, barn i riskzon, unga tjejer och föräldrar.Under året som gått har ett fungerande, värdefullt och givande samarbete fortsatt mellan forskarteamet vid Örebro universitet och de olika organisationerna inom satsningen. Ett samarbete byggt på såväl gemensamma projektledarträffar, olika former av projektmöten samt diskussioner kring utvärdering med enskilda organisationer. Projekten har halvårsvis redovisat sin verksamhet till forskarteamet. En sammanställning är gjord i rapporten Verksamhetsrapport 2010 - Med kraft och vilja. Under åren har ett antal olika fördjupningsstudier planerats och genomförts inom ramen för Socialstyrelsens projektportfölj. Beredningsgruppen har prioriterat angelägna projekt för detta och forskarteamet har sökt utforma dessa inom ramen för de tillgängliga medel som avsatts. I detta har planeringen varit långsiktig trots att budget endast kunna avsättas för ett år i taget.Det övergripande syftet med fördjupningsstudierna är att med de tillgängliga resurserna som utgångspunkt ge en fördjupad kunskap kring ett mindre antal projekt som genomförs av frivilligorganisationer. Avsikten är att genomföra vissa forskningsinsatser kring dessa projekts planering, genomförande och effekter på kort och lång sikt.Fyra fördjupningsstudier som forskarteamet arbetat med under flera år presenteras under del 2 i rapporten. Två av dessa är utvärderingar av föräldrastödsprogram som båda genomförts av IOGT-NTO, Stark och klar och Föräldrar Tillsammans. Den tredje studien är utvärderingen av projektet Mål utan alkohol som genomförts i samarbete med SvFF, IOGT-NTO och före detta Alkoholkommittén. Maia-projektet, som bedrevs av länsstyrelsen i Örebro med stöd från Statens folkhälsoinstitut, avslutades år 2010 och presenteras som den fjärde fördjupningsstudien.Det pågår en planering av nya fördjupningsstudier. Huvudfokus är på insatser riktade direkt till barn och ungdomar. Det finns mycket som visar på behovet av kunskapsutveckling (se t.ex. Babor et al., 2010). Barn och ungdomar behöver få kunskap om alkohol och droger för att utveckla positiva kunskaper, attityder och beteende som minskar skadorna av alkohol och droger för individ och samhälle. Inom den pågående satsningen finns en rad projekt som har möjlighet att ge kunskap om olika metoder för detta arbete.De satsningar som finns idag inom projektportföljen ger förutsättningar för att utveckla effektstudier med skolan som arena och med fritiden som arena, studier av program med genusperspektiv och studier av förebyggande insatser för utvalda grupper.De fördjupningsstudier som nu planeras innehåller bland annat effektstudier av kontraktsmetoden Smart och skolprogrammet Triaden. Undersökningar ska också genomföras av vilka som deltar och med vilken effekt. Detta kommer också genomföras inom en rad genusinriktade insatser och verksamheter till särskilt utvalda grupper. I det följande redovisas läget i mitten av april 2011.Inom ramen för forskarteamets verksamhet har en nationell konferens arrangerats vartannat år vid Örebro universitet. Dessa har benämnts Reflektion kring prevention och konferenser har genomförts 2006, 2008 och 2010. Konferensen som arrangerades 18-19 maj 2010 hade fokus på evidens och samverkan för ett bättre alkohol- och drogförebyggande arbete. Alla pratar om evidens men vad innebär det egentligen? Hur kan vi vidareutveckla vårt arbete så att det blir målinriktat och effektivt? Idag är många engagerade i det förebyggande arbetet. Hur kan vi vidareutveckla samverkan mellan aktörer som idéburna organisationer, kommuner, landsting, stat och näringsliv?Medverkande var forskare, politiskt ansvariga och sakkunniga inom såväl ideell som offentlig sektor som gav sin syn på preventionsarbete och samverkan. Fokus var ett reflekterande möte och den utvecklande dialogen deltagarna emellan. Totalt deltog 111 personer på konferensen. Av dessa var tretton externa föreläsare och 21 personer var projektledare inom Socialstyrelsens satsning som medverkade för att presentera sina projekt och dess erfarenheter på enskilda seminarier.I forskningsprogrammet ingår fem frågor: att vara projektledare, vikten av kompetensstöd, verksamhetsdokumentation som metod, mervärdet av att vara ideell organisation och den praktiknära forskningen om förebyggande metoder. I denna rapport berörs de tre sistnämnda frågorna.För att ytterligare utveckla verksamhetsdokumentationen som metod gjordes bland annat en bedömning av olika delar av rapporteringen. Totalt har 55 bidragsbeslut tagits när det gäller 2010 års anslag. Av dessa var några av sådan karaktär att de inte ingår i denna projektredovisning. Därför kommer verksamhetsredovisningen att granskas för 50 projekt. Det är dock tre projekt som inte gjort den efterfrågade redovisningen.Det finns många mervärden med att frivilligorganisationer bedriver alkohol- och drogförebyggande arbete. Ett mervärde som studerats särskilt under de senaste årens satsning är omfattningen av de personella resurserna och den påtagliga kraft och vilja som finns att engagera sig ideellt i olika projekt. Detta har varit möjligt genom att projekten i sina rapporteringar fått redovisa hur de personella resurserna inom projektet sett ut. Störst antal personer arbetar utan ersättning inom projekt såväl år 2008 som år 2010, det vill säga som ideell medverkar (406 av 771 personer år 2008 och 451 av 940 år 2010). Därefter kommer den grupp som deltar i projektets arbete i egenskap av sin ordinarie tjänst (201 och 247 respektive år). För att undersöka forskningsstrategin genomfördes en fallstudie över den valda ansatsen (Eriksson et al., 2011). Målsättningen med studien var att beskriva och analysera den Socialstyrelsefinansierade satsningen under åren 2003-2009 med speciell betoning på forskning och utveckling för en evidensbaserad praktik. Studien A Research Strategy Case Study of Alcohol and Drug Prevention by Non-Governmental Organizations in Sweden 2003-2009 går i sin helhet att läsa på nätet i open-access tidskriften Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 2011, 6:8 (www.substanceabusepolicy.com).FoU-programmet har genom den goda samverkan med olika parter lyckats utveckla, genomföra och rapportera en lång rad fördjupningsstudier, vilka skapat unika möjligheter att belysa förebyggande arbete om barn, ungdomar och föräldrars situation.Ett stort tack till alla inom de frivilligorganisationerna som på olika sätt medverkat till att denna satsning på alkohol- och drogförebyggande arbete och forskning har kunnat genomföras. Utan den insatsen hade vårt arbete varit helt omöjligt.
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| 12. |
- Eriksson, Charli, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Med kraft och vilja 2011 : ANDT-förebyggande arbete inom Statens folkhälsoinstituts stöd till idéburna organisationer
- 2012
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Förord: Inom ramen för regeringens satsning på alkohol- och drogförebyggande insatser har Statens folkhälsoinstitut (FHI) gett stöd till ett flertal frivilligorganisationer eller organisationer inom den idéburna sektorn, som denna viktiga verksamhet allt oftare kallas. Inom ramen för dessa medel har vår forskargrupp fått möjlighet att bedriva olika former av FoU. Vi har i vårt arbete tänkt långsiktigt även om medlen numera beviljas ett år i taget.Denna årets rapport har till syfte att lyfta fram olika insatser under 2011. Verksamheterna som ingår i FHI:s projektportfölj beskrivs kortfattat i denna rapport men en mer utförlig redovisning med kontaktuppgifter finns i rapporten Verksamhetsrapport 2011 - Med kraft och vilja.Målsättningen med denna rapport är att i del I beskriva satsningens uppbyggnad och inriktning – utgångspunkter och perspektiv, projektportföljen 2011och vårt arbetssätt. Del II ger en översikt av FoU-verksamheten – pågående studier, att vara projektledare 2011 och planeringen inför konferensen Reflektion kring prevention 2012. Del III ger några perspektiv och reflektioner kring årets arbete.Medverkande i rapporten är forskarteamet som består av forskarassistent Camilla Pettersson (Fil.Dr.), projektsekreterarna Madelene Larsson (doktorand), Susanna Geidne (doktorand), Josefine Börjesson (doktorand och disputerade i psykologi i Umeå hösten 2011) och Ingela Fredriksson samt professor Charli Eriksson. Under året har medarbetare varit föräldralediga periodvis på deltid eller heltid. Detta medförde, i kombination med andra externa forskningsanslag, att vi har varit flera personer som delat på arbetet under året. Vi har bidragit med olika delar i rapporten men alla har läst och står gemensamt för rapporten.
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| 13. |
- Eriksson, Charli, et al.
(författare)
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Verksamhetsrapport 2010 : Med kraft och vilja : alkohol- och drogförebyggande arbete inom Socialstyrelsens stöd till frivilligorganisationer
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inom ramen för regeringens program för alkohol-, narkotika-, dopnings- och tobaksfrågor (ANDT) har Socialstyrelsen utlyst medel till frivilligorganisationer för alkohol- och drogförebyggande arbete. Denna rapport redovisar genomförd verksamhet under 2010 inom de 54 projekt som fått stöd.Syftet med verksamhetsdokumentationen är att genomföra en redovisning av den genomförda verksamheten och därigenom ge Socialstyrelsen den redovisning som staten kräver av bidragsmottagare. Dokumentationen syftar också till att ge en fördjupad kunskap om alkohol- och drogförebyggande arbete inom frivilligorganisationer.Denna redovisning bygger på inlämnade ansökningar och verksamhetsrapporter från frivilligorganisationer som beviljats anslag inom ramen för utlysningen av medel till alkohol- och drogförebyggande arbete. Projektens verksamhetsrapporter bygger i sin tur på den mall för verksamhetsdokumentation, som utformats inom vårt FoU-arbete. Dessa mallar syftar till att fungera som ett stöd för reflektion och systematisk dokumentation. De återkommande projektledarträffarna har möjliggjort att metodiken utvecklats och att ett givande erfarenhetsutbyte kommit till stånd. I årets huvudrapport diskuterar vi verksamhetsrapporteringen som metod.Under 2010 omfattade Socialstyrelsens projektportfölj verksamheter inom 38 organisationer med 54 olika projekt. Dessa redovisas i rapporten efter organisation i bokstavsordning. Varje projekt inleds med fakta om organisationen som genomför verksamheten. Därefter redovisas sökta och beviljade medel, projektets bakgrund, mål och inriktning, resurser – ekonomi, personal, ideell kraft och samarbetsparter samt vad som genomförts, uppnådda resultat och projektets fortsatta verksamhet. Beskrivningen avslutas med några korta kommentarer från forskarteamet.Forskarteamet har gemensamt men i olika omfattning arbetat med verksamhetens dokumentation, som byggs upp av organisationernas egna verksamhetsrapporter och reflektioner. Särskilt ansvariga för årets redovisning har varit Ingela Fredriksson och Madelene Larsson. Madelene hade ansvaret för arbetet med verksamhetsdokumentationen under våren 2010 fram till att hon var föräldraledig (juli 2010-mars 2011). Ingela har arbetat med rapportens sammanställning och uppföljande kontakter med organisationer sedan november 2011. Vi har alla bidragit till olika delar av rapporten, läst den och står därmed gemensamt för den.Att denna rapport kommer till stånd beror på alla de projektledare som inom de olika organisationerna medverkat i rapporteringen och delat med sig av sitt projekt, glädjeämnen och svårigheter. Ett stort tack till alla som bidragit till rapporten.
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| 14. |
- Eriksson, Charli, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Verksamhetsrapport 2011 Med kraft och vilja : ANDT- förebyggande arbete inom Statens Folkhälsoinstituts stöd till idéburna organisationer
- 2012
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Inom ramen för regeringens program för alkohol-, narkotika-, dopnings- och tobaksfrågor (ANDT) har Statens Folkhälsoinstitut utlyst medel till idéburna organisationer för ANDT- förebyggande arbete. Denna rapport bygger på inlämnade ansökningar, delrapporter och verksamhetsrapporter från idéburna organisationer som beviljats anslag inom ramen för utlysningen under 2011.Syftet med verksamhetsdokumentationen är att ge en samlad bild av den verksamhet som genomförs av idéburna organisationer inom ANDT- området och därmed kunna tjäna som underlag till Statens Folkhälsoinstituts för den redovisning som staten kräver av bidragsmottagare. Dokumentationen syftar också till att ge en fördjupad kunskap om ANDT- förebyggande arbete inom idéburna organisationer.ProjektportföljUnder 2011 innefattar Statens Folkhälsoinstituts projektportfölj 80 projekt som drivs av idéburna organisationer. Denna rapport innefattar 62 stycken av dessa projekt vilka har ingått i forskarteamet vid Örebro universitets uppdrag att dokumentera och följa. Under 2011 omfattade forskarteamets uppdrag verksamheter inom 47 organisationer med 62 olika projekt inom Statens Folkhälsoinstituts totala projektportfölj.MetodMallar för ansökningar och verksamhetsrapporter är utformade av Statens Folkhälsoinstitut på webbaserade formulär. Dessa skickas in direkt till Statens Folkhälsoinstitut och följer deras riktlinjer och innehåll som gäller för alla sökande. Det vill säga inte bara idéburna organisationer utan även kommuner, landsting/länsstyrelser, universitet/högskolor och privata företag/stiftelser. Deras rapporteringsmall har större fokus på regeringens övergripande politiska mål för respektive område inom ANDT- strategin och frågorna relateras till dessa i större utsträckning än till respektive projekts målformulering och uppsatta resultatmål.Tidigare verksamhetsrapporter har byggt på en rapportmall som utformats inom FoU-arbetet där organisationerna lämnat in alla verksamhetsrapporter direkt till forskarteamet. Dessa har haft en annan utformning och större omfattning. Årets verksamhetsrapport har därför ett delvis annat innehåll än tidigare år.Mallen för delrapporten är utformad av forskarteamet vid Örebro universitet. Denna skickades ut av forskarteamet till alla projektledare som i sin tur rapporterade tillbaka direkt till forskarteamet. Delrapporten fokuserar på eventuella förändringar som kan ha skett från den ursprungliga projektplanen enligt ansökan.Projekten redovisas i rapporten efter organisation i bokstavsordning. Varje projekt inleds med fakta om organisationen som genomför verksamheten. Därefter redovisas projektet under följande huvudrubriker: Ansökta och beviljade medel, Bakgrund, Projektets mål och inriktning – ansökan, Förändringar av projektplanen enligt delrapport, Genomförande och resultat enligt slutrapport samt För mer information om projektet kontakta. Underrubrikerna kan variera något för att på bästa sätt återge projektens egna beskrivningar. I slutet av rapporten redogör forskarteamet för några sammanfattande erfarenheter. Där ges också en lite utförligare sammanfattande bild av organisationernas delrapporter. Under rubriken Ansökta och beviljade medel framgår de 13 projekt som i år har fått ett slutanslag av Statens Folkhälsoinstitut.Forskarteamet står som gemensam författare av rapporten och har på olika sätt och i olika omfattning bidragit till den. Ingela Fredriksson har haft ett särskilt ansvar för årets verksamhetsrapport.Att denna rapport kommer till stånd beror på alla de projektledare som inom de olika organisationerna medverkat i rapporteringen och delat med sig av sina erfarenheter. Ett stort tack till alla som bidragit till rapporten.
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| 15. |
- Henriksson, Oskar, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal genetic variability of landed Siganus sutor reveals a mixed stock fishery in coastal Kenya
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Artisanal fisheries in Kenya have been in decline since the 1980’s and are currently managed by gear restriction and no take zones. The fishery is a mixed species fishery but the Shoemaker spinefoot (Siganus sutor) comprise a large portion of the total catches. The sustainable use of these resources is dependent on informed assessment and management of the harvested species. In Kenya there is a lack of critical information about landings, fish stock productivity and genetic stock structure, and there is no knowledge of populations size or genetic variation of S. sutor. In this study we used the molecular marker, AFLP to investigate the genetic variation within and between sites of S. sutor landed along the 200 km coast of Kenya. We compared the spatial genetic variation among sites with the within site temporal genetic variation from a single site, adjacent to a number of spawning aggregations. Our results show that the there is genetic variation among the sites (spatial variation) and that the temporal genetic variation with in a six week period was about 1/5 of the spatial genetic variation. We believe these findings to be an important aspect to considered for both future scientific research as well as management.
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| 16. |
- Henriksson, Oskar, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal genetic variability of landed Siganus sutor reveals a mixed stock fishery in coastal Kenya
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Artisanal fisheries in Kenya have been in decline since the 1980’s and are currently managed by gear restriction and no take zones. The fishery is a mixed species fishery but the Shoemaker spinefoot (Siganus sutor) comprise a large portion of the total catches. The sustainable use of these resources is dependent on informed assessment and management of the harvested species. In Kenya there is a lack of critical information about landings, fish stock productivity and genetic stock structure, and there is no knowledge of populations size or genetic variation of S. sutor. In this study we used the molecular marker, AFLP to investigate the genetic variation within and between sites of S. sutor landed along the 200 km coast of Kenya. We compared the spatial genetic variation among sites with the within site temporal genetic variation from a single site, adjacent to a number of spawning aggregations. Our results show that the there is genetic variation among the sites (spatial variation) and that the temporal genetic variation with in a six week period was about 1/5 of the spatial genetic variation. We believe these findings to be an important aspect to considered for both future scientific research as well as management.
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| 17. |
- Jahnke, Marlene, et al.
(författare)
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Population genetic structure and connectivity of the seagrass Thalassia hemprichii in the Western Indian Ocean is influenced by predominant ocean currents
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 9:16, s. 8953-8964
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is the first large-scale genetic population study of a widespread climax species of seagrass, Thalassia hemprichii, in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO). The aim was to understand genetic population structure and connectivity of T. hemprichii in relation to hydrodynamic features. We genotyped 205 individual seagrass shoots from 11 sites across the WIO, spanning over a distance of similar to 2,700 km, with twelve microsatellite markers. Seagrass shoots were sampled in Kenya, Tanzania (mainland and Zanzibar), Mozambique, and Madagascar: 4-26 degrees S and 33-48 degrees E. We assessed clonality and visualized genetic diversity and genetic population differentiation. We used Bayesian clustering approaches (TESS) to trace spatial ancestry of populations and used directional migration rates (DivMigrate) to identify sources of gene flow. We identified four genetically differentiated groups: (a) samples from the Zanzibar channel; (b) Mozambique; (c) Madagascar; and (d) the east coast of Zanzibar and Kenya. Significant pairwise population genetic differentiation was found among many sites. Isolation by distance was detected for the estimated magnitude of divergence (D-EST), but the three predominant ocean current systems (i.e., East African Coastal Current, North East Madagascar Current, and the South Equatorial Current) also determine genetic connectivity and genetic structure. Directional migration rates indicate that Madagascar acts as an important source population. Overall, clonality was moderate to high with large differences among sampling sites, indicating relatively low, but spatially variable sexual reproduction rates. The strongest genetic break was identified for three sites in the Zanzibar channel. Although isolation by distance is present, this study suggests that the three regionally predominant ocean current systems (i.e., East African Coastal Current, North East Madagascar Current, and the South Equatorial Current) rather than distance determine genetic connectivity and structure of T. hemprichii in the WIO. If the goal is to maintain genetic connectivity of T. hemprichii within the WIO, conservation planning and implementation of marine protection should be considered at the regional scale-across national borders.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Larsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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IMPACT (Internet-Mediated Psychological treatment - Acceptance and Commitment Therapy) in youths: The role of parental support
- 2022
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Ingår i: SWESRII, 2022.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) for youths has not yet been established as an evidence-based method in primary care. Thus, the research project IMPACT (Internet-Mediated Psychological treatment - Acceptance and Commitment Therapy) aims to investigate iCBT for youths between 13-18 years old in primary care compared to treatment as usual (TAU). Method: IMPACT consists of 3 studies: Study 1 is a qualitative thematic analysis of the attitudes and experiences. Study 2 is a mixed-method design investigating the experiences and perceived effects of iCBT and study 3 is a quantitative 1-year follow-up of treatment results of iCBT and TAU. Results: In study 1, the therapists reported positive experiences of using iCBT for youths and considered it a valuable alternative to face-to-face treatment and an appreciated variation in their schedules. Nevertheless, the therapists also reported challenges in selecting, motivating and interacting with the patients and suggested that parental support can increase compliance and improve treatment results. In study 2, the quantitative analysis indicated that iCBT was successful in symptom reduction and underlined that the motivation of the youths was crucial for the treatment outcome. The youths valued independence and freedom in managing the treatment on their own terms whereas the parents expressed uncertainty about their role and how to support their youths. This study further supports the importance of parental involvement in iCBT for youths in supporting and reminding during the course of treatment and collaborating with the therapist. Based on the results in study 1 and 2, a separate parental support programme was developed in the shape of a shorter iCBT programme for the parents to use in parallel with their youths doing iCBT treatment. In study 3, the youths with parental support had significantly higher compliance compared to both TAU and iCBT without parental support. Conclusion: Internet treatment in primary care is accepted by both therapists, youths and their parents in the research project. Furthermore, youth motivation was paramount for treatment outcome and parental support was identified as an important factor.
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| 20. |
- Larsson Callerfelt, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Defective alterations in the collagen network to prostacyclin in COPD lung fibroblasts
- 2013
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Ingår i: Respiratory Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-9921. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Prostacyclin analogs are potent vasodilators and possess anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of prostacyclin on extracellular matrix (ECM) in COPD is not well known. Collagen fibrils and proteoglycans are essential ECM components in the lung and fibroblasts are key players in regulating the homeostasis of ECM proteins. The aim was to study the synthesis of prostacyclin and its effect on fibroblast activity and ECM production, and in particular collagen I and the collagen-associated proteoglycans biglycan and decorin. Methods: Parenchymal lung fibroblasts were isolated from lungs from COPD patients (GOLD stage IV) and from lungs and transbronchial biopsies from control subjects. The prostacyclin analog iloprost was used to study the effect of prostacyclin on ECM protein synthesis, migration, proliferation and contractile capacity of fibroblasts. Results: TGF-beta(1) stimulation significantly increased prostacyclin synthesis in fibroblasts from COPD patients (p < 0.01), but showed no effect on fibroblasts from control subjects. Collagen I synthesis was decreased by iloprost in both control and COPD fibroblasts (p < 0.05). Conversely, iloprost significantly altered biglycan and decorin synthesis in control fibroblasts, but iloprost displayed no effect on these proteoglycans in COPD fibroblasts. Proliferation rate was reduced (p < 0.05) and contractile capacity was increased in COPD fibroblasts (p < 0.05) compared to control fibroblasts. Iloprost decreased proliferative rate in control fibroblasts (p < 0.05), whereas iloprost attenuated contraction capacity in both COPD (p < 0.01) and control fibroblasts (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Iloprost reduced collagen I synthesis and fibroblast contractility but did not affect the collagen-associated proteoglycans or proliferation rate in fibroblasts from COPD patients. Enhanced prostacyclin production could lead to improper collagen network fibrillogenesis and a more emphysematous lung structure in severe COPD patients.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Larsson, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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From AFLP to sequence specific markers : Identifying genomic regions under selection in the three-spined stickleback caused by pulp mill effluents
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The processes underlying divergent selection and genetic adaptation have been on the evolutionary biologists agenda for a long time. In this study we used the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) study system, a perfect system to study the evolution of similar traits in different lineages exposed to similar environmental conditions. Lind and Grahn (2011) have found directional selection caused by pulp mill effluent on populations of three-spined stickleback along the Swedish coast. In their study, they identified 21 AFLP- outlier loci indicated to be under selection. Here we converted some of these anonymous AFLP loci into sequenced markers and aligned them to the stickleback genome. Four out of five loci, aligned within or close to coding regions, on chromosome I, chromosome VIII, chromosome XIX and chromosome XX. One of the locus, located on chromosome VIII, have been identified to be under selection for fresh water adaption in other studies, including Baltic Sea stickleback populations (Mäkinen et al. 2008a,b). We believe that this is feasibly method that can be used as a starting point for identification of genes and genomic regions possible involved in adaptation, both for model and non-model organisms.
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| 23. |
- Larsson, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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From AFLP to sequence specific markers : Identifying genomic regions under selection in the three-spined stickleback caused by pulp mill effluents
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The processes underlying divergent selection and genetic adaptation have been on the evolutionary biologists agenda for a long time. In this study we used the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) study system, a perfect system to study the evolution of similar traits in different lineages exposed to similar environmental conditions. Lind and Grahn (2011) have found directional selection caused by pulp mill effluent on populations of three-spined stickleback along the Swedish coast. In their study, they identified 21 AFLP- outlier loci indicated to be under selection. Here we converted some of these anonymous AFLP loci into sequenced markers and aligned them to the stickleback genome. Four out of five loci, aligned within or close to coding regions, on chromosome I, chromosome VIII, chromosome XIX and chromosome XX. One of the locus, located on chromosome VIII, have been identified to be under selection for fresh water adaption in other studies, including Baltic Sea stickleback populations (Mäkinen et al. 2008a,b). We believe that this is feasibly method that can be used as a starting point for identification of genes and genomic regions possible involved in adaptation, both for model and non-model organisms.
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| 24. |
- Larsson, Josefine
(författare)
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Genetic Aspects of Environmental Disturbances in Marine Ecosystems : Studies of the Blue Mussel in the Baltic Sea
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Anthropogenic environmental changes can serve as drivers for evolutionary responses in wild populations. To predict the long-term impact of anthropogenic changes on populations, it is crucial to understand the genetic effects caused by these disturbances. The Baltic Sea is considered to be one of the world’s most contaminated seas, and the increase of anthropogenic chemical pollution is a major threat to its ecosystems. This thesis assesses the impact of harbors and sewage treatment plants on physiological traits and genetic structure of resident populations of blue mussels at replicated sites in the Baltic Sea. The initial evaluation of the overall genetic pattern in blue mussel populations in the Swedish West Coast, the Baltic Proper and the Bothnian Sea found genetic differentiation between the three water basins and a low genetic differentiation within each basin, especially within the Baltic Proper. Despite the low genetic differentiation among blue mussels within the Baltic Proper, a parallel genetic differentiation associated with sewage treatment plant effluents was found in this basin. This included genomic regions with a high degree of differentiation between reference sites and sites affected by sewage plants effluent. This genetic differentiation is suggested to be due to post-dispersal selection acting in each generation. In contrast, no parallel genetic differentiation was associated with harbors. We identified five genomic regions in blue mussels, showing strong signs of selection, shared among three out of four replicated reference sites and sites affected by sewage effluents in the Baltic Proper i.e. Askö, Tvärminne and Karlskrona. An initial characterization of these genomic regions revealed functions related to immune and endocrine responses, oxidative stress and shell formation. Our results indicate that selection caused by sewage effluents involves multiple loci. The same genomic regions are found across different locations in the Baltic Proper but there are also unique genomic regions at each location. No genotoxic or histopathological effects were found among blue mussels from sewage effluent-affected areas but a higher frequency of histological abnormalities in the digestive gland were observed in mussels from harbors.
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| 25. |
- Larsson, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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Multi biomarker analysis of pollution effect on resident populations of blue mussels from the Baltic Sea
- 2018
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Ingår i: Aquatic Toxicology. - : Elsevier. - 0166-445X .- 1879-1514. ; 198, s. 240-256
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anthropogenic pollution including metals, petroleum, toxins, nutrients and many others is a growing problem in the marine environment. These are important factors altering the environment and by that the fate of many local populations of marine organisms. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of selected point pollution sources on resident populations of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis trossulus) in the Baltic Sea using multiple biomarker approach. The study used a nested sampling scheme in which sites from reference (REF) habitats are geographically paired with selected sites from sewage treatment plants (STP) and harbors (HAR). The results showed that mussels from harbors had a higher frequency of histological abnormalities in the digestive gland compared to mussels from sewage effluent affected areas and reference sites. However these mussels together with mussels from STPs had higher lipid content, body mass index (BMI) and gonado-somatic index (GSI) compared to mussels from reference sites. A marked spatial variability was found with a stronger toxicity of ambient environment affecting resident mussel populations in the Gulf of Gdańsk area, while an opposite pattern was found in Tvärminne area. Yet the blue mussels sampled in the Gulf of Gdańsk were characterized by the highest GSI and BMI values compared to Askö and Tvärminne populations. No differences in analyzed biomarker response related to species identity, measured by a species-specific genetic marker, were found indicative of strong genetic introgression in the Baltic Proper.
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| 26. |
- Larsson, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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Population Genetic Structure and Connectivity of the Abundant Sea Urchin, Diadema setosum around Unguja Island (Zanzibar)
- 2010
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Ingår i: Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science. - 0856-860X .- 2683-6416. ; 9:2, s. 165-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract—Uncontrolled growth of sea urchin populations may have a negative effect on coral reefs, making them barren. To avoid this, different methods of sea urchin reduction have been developed but, without knowledge of their genetic structure and connectivity, these methods may be ineffective. The aim of this study was to examine the fine-scale genetic structure and connectivity in the sea urchin, Diadema setosum, population around Unguja, Zanzibar, using AFLP. We found evidence of different genetic clusters, high migration between the sites and high genetic diversity within the sites. These findings indicate that a manual reduction of sea urchins with similar genetic connectivity, implemented on the same geographic scale as our study, would be ineffective since sites are probably repopulated from many sources.
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| 27. |
- Larsson, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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Regional genetic differentiation in the blue mussel from the Baltic Sea area
- 2017
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Ingår i: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. - : Academic Press. - 0272-7714 .- 1096-0015. ; , s. 98-109
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Connectivity plays an important role in shaping the genetic structure and in evolution of local adaptation. In the marine environment barriers to gene flow are in most cases caused by gradients in environmental factors, ocean circulation and/or larval behavior. Despite the long pelagic larval stages, with high potential for dispersal many marine organisms have been shown to have a fine scale genetic structuring. In this study, by using a combination of high-resolution genetic markers, species hybridization data and biophysical modeling we can present a comprehensive picture of the evolutionary landscape for a keystone species in the Baltic Sea, the blue mussel. We identified distinct genetic differentiation between the West Coast, Baltic Proper and Bothnian Sea regions, with lower gene diversity in the Bothnian Sea. Oceanographic connectivity together with salinity and to some extent species identity provides explanations for the genetic differentiation between the West Coast and the Baltic Sea (Baltic Proper and Bothnian Sea). The genetic differentiation between the Baltic Proper and Bothnian Sea cannot be directly explained by oceanographic connectivity, species identity or salinity, while the lower connectivity to the Bothnian Sea may explain the lower gene diversity. © 2016.
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| 28. |
- Larsson, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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Sewage treatment plant associated genetic differentiation in the blue mussel from the Baltic Sea and Swedish west coast
- 2016
-
Ingår i: PeerJ. - : PeerJ. - 2167-8359. ; 4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human-derived environmental pollutants and nutrients that reach the aquatic environment through sewage effluents, agricultural and industrial processes are constantly contributing to environmental changes that serve as drivers for adaptive responses and evolutionary changes in many taxa. In this study, we examined how two types of point sources of aquatic environmental pollution, harbors and sewage treatment plants, affect gene diversity and genetic differentiation in the blue mussel in the Baltic Sea area and off the Swedish west coast (Skagerrak). Reference sites (REF) were geographically paired with sites from sewage treatments plant (STP) and harbors (HAR) with a nested sampling scheme, and genetic differentiation was evaluated using a high-resolution marker amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). This study showed that genetic composition in the Baltic Sea blue mussel was associated with exposure to sewage treatment plant effluents. In addition, mussel populations from harbors were genetically divergent, in contrast to the sewage treatment plant populations, suggesting that there is an effect of pollution from harbors but that the direction is divergent and site specific, while the pollution effect from sewage treatment plants on the genetic composition of blue mussel populations acts in the same direction in the investigated sites.
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| 29. |
- Leion, Felicia, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in children. The average between a cystatin C- and a creatinine-based equation improves estimation of GFR in both children and adults and enables diagnosing Shrunken Pore Syndrome.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 77:5, s. 338-344
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in adults by using the average of values obtained by a cystatin C- (eGFRcystatin C) and a creatinine-based (eGFRcreatinine) equation shows at least the same diagnostic performance as GFR estimates obtained by equations using only one of these analytes or by complex equations using both analytes. Comparison of eGFRcystatin C and eGFRcreatinine plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis of Shrunken Pore Syndrome, where low eGFRcystatin C compared to eGFRcreatinine has been associated with higher mortality in adults. The present study was undertaken to elucidate if this concept can also be applied in children. Using iohexol and inulin clearance as gold standard in 702 children, we studied the diagnostic performance of 10 creatinine-based, 5 cystatin C-based and 3 combined cystatin C-creatinine eGFR equations and compared them to the result of the average of 9 pairs of a eGFRcystatin C and a eGFRcreatinine estimate. While creatinine-based GFR estimations are unsuitable in children unless calibrated in a pediatric or mixed pediatric-adult population, cystatin C-based estimations in general performed well in children. The average of a suitable creatinine-based and a cystatin C-based equation generally displayed a better diagnostic performance than estimates obtained by equations using only one of these analytes or by complex equations using both analytes. Comparing eGFRcystatin and eGFRcreatinine may help identify pediatric patients with Shrunken Pore Syndrome.
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| 30. |
- Lilja, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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Youths’ and Parents’ Experiences and Perceived Effects of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Disorders in Primary Care: Mixed Methods Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting. - : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 2561-6722. ; 4:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Anxiety is common among youths in primary care. Face-to-face treatment has been the first choice for clinicians, but during the COVID-19 pandemic, digital psychological interventions have substantially increased. Few studies have examined young people’s interest in internet treatment or the attitudes they and their parents have toward it. Objective: This study aims to investigate adolescents’ and parents’ attitudes toward and experiences of internet-based cognitive behavioral anxiety treatment in primary care and its presumptive effects. Methods: The study used mixed methods, analyzing qualitative data thematically and quantitative data with nonparametric analysis. Participants were 14 adolescents and 14 parents recruited in adolescent primary health care clinics. The adolescents and their parents filled out mental health questionnaires before and after treatment, and were interviewed during ongoing treatment. Results: The quantitative data indicated that the internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy program used in this study was successful in reducing symptoms (χ22=8.333; P=.02) and that adolescents’ motivation is essential to the treatment outcome (r=0.58; P=.03). The qualitative results show that youths highly value their independence and freedom to organize treatment work on their own terms. The parents expressed uncertainty about their role and how to support their child in treatment. It was important for parents to respect the youths’ need for autonomy while also engaging with them in the treatment work. Conclusions: Internet treatment in primary care is accepted by both youths and their parents, who need clarification about the difference between their role and the therapist’s role. Patient motivation should be considered before treatment, and therapists need to continue to develop the virtual alliance. Finally, primary care should be clearer in informing adolescents and their parents about the possibility of internet treatment.
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| 31. |
- Lind, Emma, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic response to eutrophication in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) : A study of multiple Baltic Sea populations
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Anthropogenic activities are causing change in natural habitats at an accelerating rate and affecting populations by altered selection pressures. One example is human-induced eutrophication in the Baltic Sea, were behaviour alterations are well documented in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Here we have used 204 variable Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers to investigate genetic differences between a set of ten hierarchal sampled populations of sticklebacks, five populations inhabiting eutrophicated habitats and five from control populations, in total 292 individuals. We found significant genetic variation that could be attributed to habitat (4.3% AMOVA). A combination of FST outlier analysis and classification analysis revealed seven AFLP-loci likely to be affected by divergent selection by eutrophication. Four of these seven loci have earlier been identified as under selection in stickleback populations living in pulp-mill effluents suggesting some similar selective factors between eutrophication and pulp-mill effluent effected habitats.
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| 32. |
- Lind, Emma, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic response to eutrophication in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) : A study of multiple Baltic Sea populations
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Anthropogenic activities are causing change in natural habitats at an accelerating rate and affecting populations by altered selection pressures. One example is human-induced eutrophication in the Baltic Sea, were behaviour alterations are well documented in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Here we have used 204 variable Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers to investigate genetic differences between a set of ten hierarchal sampled populations of sticklebacks, five populations inhabiting eutrophicated habitats and five from control populations, in total 292 individuals. We found significant genetic variation that could be attributed to habitat (4.3% AMOVA). A combination of FST outlier analysis and classification analysis revealed seven AFLP-loci likely to be affected by divergent selection by eutrophication. Four of these seven loci have earlier been identified as under selection in stickleback populations living in pulp-mill effluents suggesting some similar selective factors between eutrophication and pulp-mill effluent effected habitats.
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| 33. |
- Lindqvist, C Mårten, et al.
(författare)
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The Mutational Landscape in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Deciphered by Whole Genome Sequencing
- 2015
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Ingår i: Human Mutation. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1059-7794 .- 1098-1004. ; 36:1, s. 118-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genomic characterization of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has identified distinct patterns of genes and pathways altered in patients with well-defined genetic aberrations. To extend the spectrum of known somatic variants in ALL, we performed whole genome and transcriptome sequencing of three B-cell precursor patients, of which one carried the t(12;21)ETV6-RUNX1 translocation and two lacked a known primary genetic aberration, and one T-ALL patient. We found that each patient had a unique genome, with a combination of well-known and previously undetected genomic aberrations. By targeted sequencing in 168 patients, we identified KMT2D and KIF1B as novel putative driver genes. We also identified a putative regulatory non-coding variant that coincided with overexpression of the growth factor MDK. Our results contribute to an increased understanding of the biological mechanisms that lead to ALL and suggest that regulatory variants may be more important for cancer development than recognized to date. The heterogeneity of the genetic aberrations in ALL renders whole genome sequencing particularly well suited for analysis of somatic variants in both research and diagnostic applications.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Nasri, Berkeh, et al.
(författare)
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Internet delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for adults with ADHD - A randomized controlled trial
- 2023
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Ingår i: Internet Interventions. - : Elsevier. - 2214-7829. ; 33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence-based psychological interventions for adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are seldom available in clinical settings. Medication is often offered as the sole treatment, with non-optimal effects for a majority of patients. The objective was to compare internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) to an active control treatment of internet-based applied relaxation training (iART), and to treatment as usual only (TAU) in adult outpatients with ADHD. One hundred and four patients, of which 67 % used ADHD medication, were randomized to 12 weeks of iCBT (n = 36), iART (n = 37), or TAU (n = 31). Primary outcome was change in the Adult ADHD Self Report Scale (ASRS) up to 3 (FU3) and 12 months (FU12) after treatment. ASRS improved more for iCBT (p < .01; Cohen's d = 0.42 at post-treatment and 0.67 at FU3) and iART (p < .01; Cohen's d = 0.57 at post-treatment and 0.66 at FU3) than for TAU. The effects sustained over 12 months for iCBT (p < .001) and iART (p < .001). No significant difference was found when comparing iCBT to iART (p = .53). Treatment responders reached 25 % for both treatments, which was superior to the 3 % responders in TAU (p < .05). iCBT and iART could both be promising add-ons to medication and increase availability to psychological treatment with sustained symptom reductions after one year.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Nordlund, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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DNA methylation-based subtype prediction for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical Epigenetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1868-7083 .- 1868-7075. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We present a method that utilizes DNA methylation profiling for prediction of the cytogenetic subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells from pediatric ALL patients. The primary aim of our study was to improve risk stratification of ALL patients into treatment groups using DNA methylation as a complement to current diagnostic methods. A secondary aim was to gain insight into the functional role of DNA methylation in ALL. Results: We used the methylation status of similar to 450,000 CpG sites in 546 well-characterized patients with T-ALL or seven recurrent B-cell precursor ALL subtypes to design and validate sensitive and accurate DNA methylation classifiers. After repeated cross-validation, a final classifier was derived that consisted of only 246 CpG sites. The mean sensitivity and specificity of the classifier across the known subtypes was 0.90 and 0.99, respectively. We then used DNA methylation classification to screen for subtype membership of 210 patients with undefined karyotype (normal or no result) or non-recurrent cytogenetic aberrations('other' subtype). Nearly half (n = 106) of the patients lacking cytogenetic subgrouping displayed highly similar methylation profiles as the patients in the known recurrent groups. We verified the subtype of 20% of the newly classified patients by examination of diagnostic karyotypes, array-based copy number analysis, and detection of fusion genes by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). Using RNA-seq data from ALL patients where cytogenetic subtype and DNA methylation classification did not agree, we discovered several novel fusion genes involving ETV6, RUNX1, and PAX5. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that DNA methylation profiling contributes to the clarification of the heterogeneity in cytogenetically undefined ALL patient groups and could be implemented as a complementary method for diagnosis of ALL. The results of our study provide clues to the origin and development of leukemic transformation. The methylation status of the CpG sites constituting the classifiers also highlight relevant biological characteristics in otherwise unclassified ALL patients.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Nordlund, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide signatures of differential DNA methylation in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- 2013
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Ingår i: Genome Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-6906 .- 1474-760X. ; 14:9, s. r105-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Although aberrant DNA methylation has been observed previously in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the patterns of differential methylation have not been comprehensively determined in all subtypes of ALL on a genome-wide scale. The relationship between DNA methylation, cytogenetic background, drug resistance and relapse in ALL is poorly understood.RESULTS:We surveyed the DNA methylation levels of 435,941 CpG sites in samples from 764 children at diagnosis of ALL and from 27 children at relapse. This survey uncovered four characteristic methylation signatures. First, compared with control blood cells, the methylomes of ALL cells shared 9,406 predominantly hypermethylated CpG sites, independent of cytogenetic background. Second, each cytogenetic subtype of ALL displayed a unique set of hyper- and hypomethylated CpG sites. The CpG sites that constituted these two signatures differed in their functional genomic enrichment to regions with marks of active or repressed chromatin. Third, we identified subtype-specific differential methylation in promoter and enhancer regions that were strongly correlated with gene expression. Fourth, a set of 6,612 CpG sites was predominantly hypermethylated in ALL cells at relapse, compared with matched samples at diagnosis. Analysis of relapse-free survival identified CpG sites with subtype-specific differential methylation that divided the patients into different risk groups, depending on their methylation status.CONCLUSIONS:Our results suggest an important biological role for DNA methylation in the differences between ALL subtypes and in their clinical outcome after treatment.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Palle, Josefine, 1964-
(författare)
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Optimizing Chemotherapy in Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Despite major advances in our understanding of the biology of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the development of new cytotoxic drugs, the prognosis of long-term survival is still only 60-65 %.In the present research, we studied the pharmacokinetics of drugs used in the induction therapy of childhood AML and performed in vitro drug sensitivity testing of leukemic cells from children with AML.The aims of the studies were to correlate the results of the analysis to biological and clinical parameters and to identify subgroups of AML with specific drug sensitivity profiles in order to better understand why treatment fails in some patients and how therapy may be improved.Blood samples were analysed to study the pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin (n=41), etoposide (n=45) and 6-thioguanine (n=50). Doxorubicin plasma concentration and total body clearance were correlated to the effect of induction therapy, and doxorubicin plasma concentration was an independent factor for complete remission, both in univariate and multivariate analysis including sex, age, and white blood cell count at diagnosis. For etoposide and 6-thioguanine no correlation was found between pharmacokinetics and clinical effect. Children with Down syndrome (DS) tended to reach higher blood concentrations of etoposide and thioguanine nucleotides, indicating that dose reduction may be reasonable to reach the same drug exposure as in children without DS.Leukemic cells from 201 children with newly diagnosed AML, 15 of whom had DS, were successfully analysed for in vitro drug sensitivity by the fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay (FMCA). We found that samples from children with DS were highly sensitive to most drugs used in AML treatment. In non-DS children, the t(9;11) samples were significantly more sensitive to cytarabine (p=0.03) and doxorubicin (p=0.035) than other samples. The findings might explain the very favorable outcome reported in children with DS and t(9;11)-positive AML. A specific drug resistance profile was found for several other genetic subgroups as well. A detailed study of MLL-rearranged leukemia showed that cellular drug sensitivity is correlated both to partner genes and cell lineage, findings that support the strategy of contemporary protocols to include high-dose cytarabine in the treatment of patients with MLL-rearrangement, both in AML and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).Our results indicate that drug resistance and pharmacokinetic studies may yield important information regarding drug response in different sub-groups of childhood AML, helping us to optimize future chemotherapy in childhood AML.
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| 44. |
- Palmqvist, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Fathers' and co-mothers' voices about breastfeeding and equality - A Swedish perspective
- 2015
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Ingår i: Women and Birth. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-5192 .- 1878-1799. ; 28:3, s. E63-E69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Breastfeeding has benefits for mother and child and the partner's support influences the decision as well as the duration of breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to describe partners' knowledge and feelings regarding breastfeeding and how they reason about equality and involvement during the lactation period. Methods: A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 7 male and 2 female partners (labelled co-mothers) of breastfeeding mothers. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using a phenomenological approach. Results: The main theme Wish for the child to be breastfed/get breast milk described the informants' desire that their child was breastfed and this desire was based on knowledge of benefits of breastfeeding but also on intuitive feelings of breastfeeding as something natural. The main theme Effect of breastfeeding on fathers/co-mothers described how breastfeeding affected the informants and their relationship to the child and the mother in different ways. The main theme Adaptation and acceptance described how informants accepted the impact that breastfeeding had and/or adapted to it and continued to wish for the child to receive breast milk. Conclusion: The informants desired that their children be breastfed/get breast milk. Breastfeeding affected the informants in different ways, which they handled by adapting to and accepting the situation, and they expressed a continued desire that their children be breastfed/get breast milk. Parental classes should include both parents to be and address how breastfeeding can be successfully performed and supported without threatening the equality between the parents.
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| 45. |
- Porseryd, Tove, et al.
(författare)
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Altered non-reproductive behavior and feminization caused by developmental exposure to 17α-ethinylestradiol persist to adulthood in three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Aquatic Toxicology. - : Elsevier. - 0166-445X .- 1879-1514. ; 207, s. 142-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), ubiquitous in the aquatic environment and commonly detected in sewage effluents, interferes with the endocrine system in multiple ways. Exposure during sensitive windows of development causes persistent effects on fertility, reproductive and non-reproductive behavior in mammals and fish. In the present study, three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) were exposed to nominal 0 and 20 ng/L EE2 from fertilization to 7 weeks post-hatch. After 8 months of remediation in clean water three non-reproductive behaviors, not previously analyzed in developmentally EE2-exposed progeny of wild-caught fish, were evaluated. Chemical analysis revealed that the nominal 0 and 20 ng/L exposure contained 5 and 30 ng/L EE2, respectively. Therefore, the use of control fish from previous experiments was necessary for comparisons. Fish exposed during development showed significant concentration-dependent reduction in anxiety-like behavior in the scototaxis (light/dark preference) test by means of shorter latency to first entrance to the white compartment, more visits in white, and longer total time in white compared to unexposed fish. In the novel tank test, developmental exposure significantly increased the number of transitions to the upper half of the aquaria. Exposure to EE2 during development did not alter shoal cohesion in the shoaling test compared with unexposed fish but fish exposed to 30 ng/L EE2 had significantly longer latency to leave the shoal and fewer transitions away from the shoal compared to fish exposed to 5 ng/L EE2. Skewed sex ratio with more females, sex reversal in genetic males as well as intersex in males was observed after exposure to 30, but not 5 ng/L EE2. In conclusion, EE2 exposure during development in three-spined stickleback resulted in persistent effects on anxiety-like behaviors. These long-term effects from developmental exposure are likely to be of higher relevance for natural populations than are short-term effects from adult exposure.
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| 46. |
- Porseryd, Tove, et al.
(författare)
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Effects on food intake of Gammarus spp. after exposure to PFBA in very low concentrations
- 2024
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of thousands of highly persistent anthropogenic chemicals widely used in many industries. Therefore, they are, ubiquitously present in various types of environments. Despite their omnipresence, ecotoxicological studies of most PFAS are scarce, and those available often assess the effects of long chain PFAS. In this study, we present the results of an exposure experiment in which wild aquatic amphipod Gammarus spp. was exposed to the short chain perfluorinated substance perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) at very low and environmentally relevant concentrations of 0, 10 and 100 ng/L. The exposure lasted for 12 days, and food intake and non-reproductive behavior were analyzed. Exposure to 10 and 100 ng/L PFBA resulted in a lower consumption of food during exposure but no effect on behavior was found.
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| 47. |
- Premat, Christophe, et al.
(författare)
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Can we really develop Wikipedia assignments at the university?
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Wikipedia is a well-used source of knowledge. Its reputation has also become better within the academy and formal education, not only being the everyday target for looking up things. However, in order for Wikipedia to be used to its full potential, we must know both how it functions, how we can work with it in a source critical manner, and how we ourselves can contribute to the medium.This presentation is aimed for University teachers who wants to learn how to use Wikipedia as a valuable tool for teaching and learning. It is based upon a workshop that was given to University teachers from all eight CIVIS Universities (Aix-Marseille Université, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Universitatea din București, Université libre de Bruxelles, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Sapienza Università di Roma, Stockholm University and Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen).Having a better understanding of Wikipedia and its functions is something that our students would benefit from, and therefore, we must create assignments connected to Wikipedia and its sister platforms. Not only teaching the principles of the platform or the manners of looking at revision history, talk pages and sources, but also how to edit articles, upload pictures to Wikimedia Commons and translate excellent articles from different languages using the built-in tools.
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| 48. |
- Sanyal, Anushree, et al.
(författare)
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Not dead yet : Diatom resting spores can survive in nature for several millennia
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Botany. - : Botanical Society of America. - 0002-9122 .- 1537-2197. ; , s. 67-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PREMISE: Understanding the adaptive capacities of species over long timescales lies in examining the revived recent and millennia old resting spores buried in sediments. We show for the first time the revival, viability and germination rate of resting spores of the diatom Chaetoceros deposited in sub-seafloor sediments from three ages (recent: 0-80 years; ancient: ~1250 (Medieval Climate Anomaly) and ~6600 (Holocene Thermal Maximum) calendar year before present.METHODS: Recent and ancient Chaetoceros spores were revived to examine their viability and germination rate. Light and scanning electron microscopy and Sanger sequencing was done to identify the species.KEY RESULTS: We show that ~6600 cal. year BP old Chaetoceros resting spores are still viable and the vegetative reproduction in recent and ancient resting spores vary. The time taken to germinate is three hours to 2-3 days in both recent and ancient spores, but the germination rate of the spores decreased with increasing age. The germination rate of the recent spores was ~41% while that of the ancient spores were ~31% and ~12% for the ~1250 and ~6600 cal. year BP old resting spores. Based on the morphology of the germinated vegetative cells we identified the species as Chaetoceros muelleri var. subsalsum. Sanger sequences of nuclear and chloroplast markers identified the species as Chaetoceros muelleri.CONCLUSIONS: We identify a unique model system, Chaetoceros muelleri var. subsalsum and show that recent and ancient resting spores of the species buried in sediments in the Baltic Sea can be revived and used for long-term evolutionary studies.
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| 49. |
- Weineland, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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Transitioning from face-to-face treatment to iCBT for youths in primary care – therapists’ attitudes and experiences
- 2020
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Ingår i: Internet Interventions. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-7829. ; 22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To address the increasing mental health problems among young people, health care needs to broaden the spectrum of interventions and increase access to care. One particularly promising first-line intervention is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) delivered via the Internet (iCBT). The outbreak of the Coronavirus disease -2019 (COVID -19) has made the need for solid digital mental health care systems clear. This is the first published study exploring the transition among therapists of working with face-to-face treatment to using iCBT for youths suffering from anxiety treated in primary care. Methods: Fourteen primary care therapists were included in the study. Semi-structured interviews (n = 26) were conducted on two occasions: before starting to use iCBT for youths, and at a subsequent follow-up after gaining treatment experience. Data was summarized into thematic categories. Results: The overarching themes that were identified were: Attitudes to iCBT before and after implementation; Experiences of treatment delivery; Characteristics of “the right patient;” and The role of the digital therapist. Conclusion: The participants generally had positive attitudes to iCBT for youths and saw it as a valuable alternative to face-to-face treatments. However, they identified challenges related to patient selection, and to motivating patients and maintaining a therapeutic relationship through mainly written communication. The participants appreciated the increase in variety that iCBT brought to their schedules, and also experienced iCBT as a relief from common challenges of therapeutic work, such as emotional stress and high cognitive demands. The participating therapists’ positive experiences support the introduction of iCBT for youths in routine primary care
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| 50. |
- Åhsberg, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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Early B-cell Factor 1 Regulates the Expansion of B-cell Progenitors in a Dose-dependent Manner
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - : American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 288:46, s. 33449-33461
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transcription factor doses are of importance for normal and malignant B-lymphocyte development; however, the understanding of underlying mechanisms and functional consequences of reduced transcription factor levels is limited. We have analyzed progenitor and B-lineage compartments in mice carrying heterozygote mutations in the E2a, Ebf1, or Pax5 gene. Although lymphoid progenitors from Ebf1 or Pax5 heterozygote mice were specified and lineage-restricted in a manner comparable with Wt progenitors, this process was severely impaired in E2a heterozygote mutant mice. This defect was not significantly enhanced upon combined deletion of E2a with Ebf1 or Pax5. Analysis of the pre-B-cell compartment in Ebf1 heterozygote mice revealed a reduction in cell numbers. These cells expressed Pax5 and other B-lineage-associated genes, and global gene expression analysis suggested that the reduction of the pre-B-cell compartment was a result of impaired pre-B-cell expansion. This idea was supported by a reduction in IL2R-expressing late pre-B-cells as well as by cell cycle analysis and by the finding that the complexity of the VDJ rearrangement patterns was comparable in Wt and Ebf1(+/-) pre-B-cells, although the number of progenitors was reduced. Heterozygote deletion of Ebf1 resulted in impaired response to IL7 in vitro and reduced expression levels of pre-BCR on the cell surface, providing possible explanations for the observed stage-specific reduction in cellular expansion. Thus, transcription factor doses are critical for specification as well as expansion of B-lymphoid progenitors, providing increased insight into the molecular regulation of B-cell development.
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