| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
- Allentoft, Morten E., et al.
(författare)
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Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 625:7994, s. 301-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene1–5. Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes—mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods—from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a ‘great divide’ genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 bp, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 bp, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a ‘Neolithic steppe’ cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Klas, 1975, et al.
(författare)
-
Elevers perspektivbyten i svar på uppgifter från det nationella provet i samhällskunskap
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nordidactica. - Karlstad : CSD Karlstad. - 2000-9879. ; 13:2023:3, s. 66-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developing students' critical thinking is an important task for Swedish schools. Especially in the social studies subjects, where issues of democracy and human rights always are present. In both national and international educational science research there are however some uncertainties concerning how critical thinking manifests among students. The article sheds light on a specific component of critical thinking, namely the ability to alternate points of view. Initially, classical theoretical literature on critical thinking is used to discuss this component. The main part of the article uses students' own descriptions of societal challenges to show more precisely how alternating points of view are manifested in student answers. To our help, we have a unique empirical material in the form of data from the Swedish national test in civics for year 9. 600 student responses from one question are analyzed with the ambition of finding students' ability to see, and discuss, social issues from different points of view.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Klas, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Powerful Knowledge and the 2017 Swedish National Test in Religious Education
- 2023
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Ingår i: Social Sciences. - 2076-0760. ; 12:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the 21st century, there has been a recurring discussion about social realism in educational research: the idea that subject knowledge derived from academic disciplines should constitute the heart of the school curriculum. The argument is that this knowledge, because it is produced according to specific standards, is powerful knowledge, and has better claims to truth and is more valid than knowledge gained from students’ everyday experiences. Because of its validity and universality, this knowledge empowers the knower to transcend her or his everyday experiences and take part in society’s conversations, which are central goals of social studies education. The aim of this study is to identify in which ways aspects of powerful knowledge are manifested in the 2017 national test in RE. For the analysis, both items and students’ answers from the 2017 test are used. The focus with regard to the items is on whether the students are expected to demonstrate knowledge and abilities in relation to powerful knowledge. We also analyze the students’ answers to these items using the same framework.
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| 8. |
- Andree, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge Products from Close-To-Practice Research
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Round table presentation at the NERA-conference, 6-8 March, Malmö University.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ‘Close-to-practice research’ has received increased attention across the Nordic countries. Following the British Education Research Association (BERA), the notion of ‘close-to-practice research’ is used to refer to educational research that is based on problems in practice, often involves researchers working in partnership with practitioners in schools and addresses issues of relevance to practitioners. This roundtable focuses on how close-to-practice research can contribute to the knowledge base of the teaching profession by bringing together perspectives from didactics, school improvement and educational policy. More specifically, the interest is directed toward what characterizes the knowledge produced through practice-based research that may have significance for teachers' professional knowledge base and practice. The roundtable conversation builds on a previous analysis of what kinds of knowledge products are generated in didactic close-to-practice research where teachers and researchers work together within the research environment Stockholm Teaching & Learning Studies. As a result of this analysis a typology of knowledge products was proposed including: (i) descriptions of knowing, (ii) teaching design, (iii) didactic examples and (iv) methodological tools. It has been proposed that additional knowledge products may be developed, such as artifacts to be used in teaching (e.g. lesson plans, visual representations). The roundtable will include the following points of discussion: 1) a brief presentation of the typology, 2) challenging and developing the typology of knowledge products proposed by previous research by investigating different cases of close-to-practice research from traditions of action research and practice-developing research within subject-didactics, and 3) discussing how the notion of knowledge products may contribute to advancing the conversation on cumulativity in the field of educational research in general, and in relation to syntheses of close-to-practice research in particular. The participants will be engaged in conversations on the desirability and feasibility of striving towards cumulativity.
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| 9. |
- Axling, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Green tea powder and Lactobacillus plantarum affect gut microbiota, lipid metabolism and inflammation in high-fat fed C57BL/6J mice
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nutrition & Metabolism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1743-7075. ; 9:105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Type 2 diabetes is associated with obesity, ectopic lipid accumulation and low-grade inflammation. A dysfunctional gut microbiota has been suggested to participate in the pathogenesis of the disease. Green tea is rich in polyphenols and has previously been shown to exert beneficial metabolic effects. Lactobacillus plantarum has the ability to metabolize phenolic acids. The health promoting effect of whole green tea powder as a prebiotic compound has not been thoroughly investigated previously. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet with or without a supplement of 4% green tea powder (GT), and offered drinking water supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 15313 (Lp) or the combination of both (Lp + GT) for 22 weeks. Parameters related to obesity, glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, hepatic steatosis and inflammation were examined. Small intestinal tissue and caecal content were collected for bacterial analysis. Results: Mice in the Lp + GT group had significantly more Lactobacillus and higher diversity of bacteria in the intestine compared to both mice in the control and the GT group. Green tea strongly reduced the body fat content and hepatic triacylglycerol and cholesterol accumulation. The reduction was negatively correlated to the amount of Akkermansia and/or the total amount of bacteria in the small intestine. Markers of inflammation were reduced in the Lp + GT group compared to control. PLS analysis of correlations between the microbiota and the metabolic variables of the individual mice showed that relatively few components of the microbiota had high impact on the correlation model. Conclusions: Green tea powder in combination with a single strain of Lactobacillus plantarum was able to promote growth of Lactobacillus in the intestine and to attenuate high fat diet-induced inflammation. In addition, a component of the microbiota, Akkermansia, correlated negatively with several metabolic parameters known to be risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes.
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| 10. |
- Bergenfelz, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Systemic Monocytic-MDSCs Are Generated from Monocytes and Correlate with Disease Progression in Breast Cancer Patients.
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are highly immunosuppressive myeloid cells, which increase in cancer patients. The molecular mechanism behind their generation and function is unclear. Whereas granulocytic-MDSCs correlate with poor overall survival in breast cancer, the presence and relevance of monocytic-MDSCs (Mo-MDSCs) is unknown. Here we report for the first time an enrichment of functional blood Mo-MDSCs in breast cancer patients before they acquire a typical Mo-MDSC surface phenotype. A clear population of Mo-MDSCs with the typical cell surface phenotype (CD14+HLA-DRlow/-CD86low/-CD80low/-CD163low/-) increased significantly first during disease progression and correlated to metastasis to lymph nodes and visceral organs. Furthermore, monocytes, comprising the Mo-MDSC population, from patients with metastatic breast cancer resemble the reprogrammed immunosuppressive monocytes in patients with severe infections, both by their surface and functional phenotype but also at their molecular gene expression profile. Our data suggest that monitoring the Mo-MDSC levels in breast cancer patients may represent a novel and simple biomarker for assessing disease progression.
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| 11. |
- Bilstrup, Katrin, et al.
(författare)
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Report on the Collaboration between CVIS and CERES in the Project Vehicle Alert System (VAS)
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In March 2007, an agreement was made for interchange of experiences between CVIS and the Centre for Research on Embedded Systems (CERES) at Halmstad University in Sweden. The majority of the work relating to this collaboration has been conducted within the CERES project Vehicle Alert System (VAS), aiming to use vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications to provide different types of warning messages. The main focus of the VAS project is on communication and in particular the lower layers of the communication stack are investigated. VAS involves academic researchers from Halmstad University as well as researchers from Volvo Technology, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden and the company Free2move. This report presents the results of the VAS project, its publications, and other issues of interest both to the CVIS consortium as well as a broader scope.
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| 12. |
- Bilstrup, Katrin, et al.
(författare)
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Vehicle Alert System
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 14th world congress on intelligent transport system (ITS). ; , s. 2-9
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Vehicle Alert System (VAS) project focuses on cooperative alert services based on timely and reliable communication under the challenging circumstances pertaining to a highly mobile vehicular network. Through a cross-layer design, we gain the flexibility needed to adapt the system to the individual requirements of three chosen application scenarios that represent different situations where cooperation between vehicles can make a significant impact. The VAS project is a collaboration involving academic as well as industrial partners and the final stage of the project is a demonstrator that implements results from the research.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Borg, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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Perilipin is present in islets of Langerhans and protects against lipotoxicity when overexpressed in the beta-cell line INS-1.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0013-7227 .- 1945-7170. ; 150:7, s. 3049-3057
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lipids have been shown to play a dual role in pancreatic beta-cells - a lipid-derived signal appears to be necessary for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, whereas lipid accumulation causes impaired insulin secretion and apoptosis. The ability of the protein perilipin to regulate lipolysis prompted an investigation of the presence of perilipin in the islets of Langerhans. In this study evidence is presented for perilipin expression in rat, mouse and human islets of Langerhans as well as in the rat clonal beta-cell line INS-1. In rat and mouse islets, perilipin was verified to be present in beta-cells. In order to examine if the development of lipotoxicity could be prevented by manipulating the conditions for lipid storage in the beta-cell, INS-1 cells with adenoviral-mediated overexpression of perilipin were exposed to lipotoxic conditions for 72 hours. In cells exposed to palmitate, perilipin overexpression caused increased accumulation of triacylglycerols and decreased lipolysis compared to control cells. Whereas glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was retained following palmitate exposure in cells overexpressing perilipin, it was completely abolished in control beta-cells. Thus, overexpression of perilipin appears to confer protection against the development of beta-cell dysfunction following prolonged exposure to palmitate by promoting lipid storage and limiting lipolysis.
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| 15. |
- Böhm, Annette, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating CALM M5-based vehicle-to-vehicle communication in various road settings through field trials
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings - Conference on Local Computer Networks, LCN, (2010 12 01): 613-620. - Piscataway, N.J. : IEEE Press. - 9781424483877 ; , s. 613-620
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Future cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) applications aimed to improve safety, efficiency and comfort on our roads put high demands on the underlying wireless communication system. To gain better understanding of the limitations of the 5.9 GHz frequency band and the set of communication protocols for medium range vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication, a set of field trials with CALM M5 enabled prototypes has been conducted. This paper describes five different real vehicle traffic scenarios covering both urban and rural settings at varying vehicle speeds and under varying line-of-sight (LOS) conditions and discusses the connectivity (measured as Packet Reception Ratio) that could be achieved between the two test vehicles. Our measurements indicate a quite problematic LOS sensitivity that strongly influences the performance of V2V-based applications. We further discuss how the awareness of these context-based connectivity problems can be used to improve the design of possible future cooperative ITS safety applications.
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| 16. |
- Carlsson, Kristoffer, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparison of Computational Formats of Gradient-Extended Crystal Viscoplasticity in the Context of Selective Homogenization
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Eccomas, 5-10 juni, Kreta, 2016 (1 page abstract).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crystal (visco)plasticity is the accepted model framework for incorporating microstructural information incontinuum theory with application to crystalline metals, where dislocations constitute the physicalmechanism behind inelastic deformation. In order to account for the size effects due to the existence ofgrain boundaries in a polycrystal, it is convenient to include some sort of gradient-extension of the flowproperties along the slip directions, either in the dragstress or backstress (from GND’s). Various explicitmodels based on this conceptual background have been proposed, e.g. Gurtin et al.[1], Gottschalk et al.[2];however, several modeling issues still await its resolution. A comprehensive unifying account of gradienttheory for a variety of application models was presented by Miehe[3]. When applied to a polycrystal, it isdesirable that the homogenization strategy will result in a standard continuum format on the macroscale,whereas micro-stresses are confined to the mesoscale and and automatically "suppressed" during theprocedure of (selective) homogenization. This can be achieved within a fairly general setting of variationallyconsistent homogenization. In this contribution we focus on issues related to the computational format ofgradient-extended crystal viscoplasticity that constitutes the RVE-problem. A few different variationalformats are thereby investigated. The so-called “primal” format exploits the slip on each slip system togetherwith the displacement field as the unknown global fields. An alternative format is coined the “semi-dualformat”, in which the slip variables are replaced by the microstresses as global fields, thereby defining amixed variational problem. For both the primal and semi-dual formulations, we establish variationalprinciples for the time incremental FE-problems which ensure symmetry of the corresponding tangentproblems. We note that a mixed method that bears strong resemblance with the semi-dual format has beenused extensively in our research group in recent years, e.g. Bargmann et al.[4]; however, without possessing awell-defined variational structure. We compare the primal and semi-dual variational formats in terms of prosand cons from various aspects. We also discuss the pertinent FE-spaces that appear as the natural/possiblechoices and assess the computational efficiency of the FE-approximations with the aid of numericalexamples pertaining to a single crystal as well as to a polycrystal in the homogenization context.References:[1] M. E. Gurtin, L. Anand, S. P. Lele, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 55, 1853, (2007)[2] D. Gottschalk, A. McBride, B.D. Reddy, A. Javili, P. Wriggers, C.B. Hirschberger, ComputationalMaterial Science, 111, 443, (2016)[3] C. Miehe, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 59 898, (2011)[4] S. Bargmann, M. Ekh, K. Runesson, B. Svendsen, Philosophical Magazine, 90, 1263, (2010)
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| 17. |
- Carlsson, Kristoffer, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of the primal and semi-dual variational formats of gradient-extended crystal inelasticity
- 2017
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Ingår i: Computational Mechanics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0924 .- 0178-7675. ; 60:4, s. 531-548
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we discuss issues related to the theoretical as well as the computational format of gradient-extended crystal viscoplasticity. The so-called primal format uses the displacements, the slip of each slip system and the dissipative stresses as the primary unknown fields. An alternative format is coined the semi-dual format, which in addition includes energetic microstresses among the primary unknown fields. We compare the primal and semi-dual variational formats in terms of advantages and disadvantages from modeling as well as numerical viewpoints. Finally, we perform a series of representative numerical tests to investigate the rate of convergence with finite element mesh refinement. In particular, it is shown that the commonly adopted microhard boundary condition poses a challenge in the special case that the slip direction is parallel to a grain boundary.
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| 18. |
- Carlsson, Kristoffer, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Bounds on the effective response for gradient crystal inelasticity based on homogenization and virtual testing
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering. - : Wiley. - 0029-5981 .- 1097-0207. ; 119:4, s. 281-304
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the application of variationally consistent selective homogenization applied to a polycrystal with a subscale model of gradient-enhanced crystal inelasticity. Although the full gradient problem is solved on Statistical Volume Elements (SVEs), the resulting macroscale problem has the formal character of a standard local continuum. A semi-dual format of gradient inelasticity is exploited, whereby the unknown global variables are the displacements and the energetic micro-stresses on each slip-system. The corresponding time-discrete variational formulation of the SVE-problem defines a saddle point of an associated incremental potential. Focus is placed on the computation of statistical bounds on the effective energy, based on virtual testing on SVEs and an argument of ergodicity. As it turns out, suitable combinations of Dirichlet and Neumann conditions pertinent to the standard equilibrium and the micro-force balance, respectively, will have to be imposed. Whereas arguments leading to the upper bound are quite straightforward, those leading to the lower bound are significantly more involved; hence, a viable approximation of the lower bound is computed in this paper. Numerical evaluations of the effective strain energy confirm the theoretical predictions. Furthermore, heuristic arguments for the resulting macroscale stress-strain relations are numerically confirmed.
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| 19. |
- Carlsson, Kristoffer, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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COMPUTATIONAL ISSUES OF GRADIENT-EXTENDED CRYSTAL INELASTICITY
- 2016
-
Ingår i: NSCM, 26 - 28 October, Göteborg, 2016 4 page extended abstract.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- . In this paper we discuss issues related to the theoretical as well as the computationalformat of gradient-extended crystal viscoplasticity. The so-called “primal”format uses the internal variables and the displacements as the primary unknown fields.An alternative format is coined the “semi-dual format”, which in addition includes microstresses,thereby defining a mixed variational problem. We compare the primal andsemi-dual variational formats in terms of pros and cons from a modeling as well as anumerical viewpoint. We perform a set of numerical benchmarks to investigate the rateof convergence for errors in different norms.
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| 20. |
- Carlsson, Kristoffer, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Computational modeling issues of gradient-extended viscoplasticity
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Svenska Mekanikdagar, 10-12 juni, Linköping, 2015 (1 page abstract).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crystal (visco)plasticity is the accepted model framework for incorporating microstructural in-formation in continuum theory with application to crystalline metals where dislocations constitute thephysical mechanism behind inelastic deformation. In order to account for the size effects due to the ex-istence of grain boundaries in a polycrystal, it is convenient to include some sort of gradient-extensionof the flow properties along the slip directions, either in the dragstress or backstress (from GND, whichare generally of two types: edge and screw dislocations). Various explicit models based on this con-ceptual background have been proposed, not the least by Gurtin and coworkers 1 ; however, severalmodeling issues still await its resolution. An elegant way of unifying gradient theory for differentapplication models was presented by Miehe 2 .In this contribution we focus on issues related to the theoretical as well as the computationalformat, while (for the sake of clarity) restricting to gradient-extended viscoplasticity for a standardcontinuum. Thereby, we avoid the additional complications associated with the proper version ofcrystal (visco) plasticity, such as higher order boundary conditions. The so-called “primal” formatexploits the internal variables as the primary unknown field together with the displacement field. Analternative format is coined the “semi-dual format”, which exploits (in addition) the microstresses,thereby defining a mixed variational problem. We note that a mixed method that bears resemblancewith the semi-dual format has been used extensively in our research group in recent years 3 ; however,without possessing a well-defined variational structure.We compare the primal and semi dual variational formats in terms of pros and cons from variousaspects. We also discuss the pertinent FE-spaces that appear as the natural/possible choices. In partic-ular, for the semi-dual format we investigate the possibility to use a minimal degree of regularity thathas so far not been discussed in the literature.
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| 21. |
- Carlsson, Kristoffer, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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ON THE PRIMAL AND MIXED DUAL FORMATS IN VARIATIONALLY CONSISTENT COMPUTATIONAL HOMOGENIZATION WITH EMPHASIS ON FLUX BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
- 2020
-
Ingår i: International Journal for Multiscale Computational Engineering. - 1543-1649. ; 18:6, s. 651-675
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we view homogenization within the framework of variational multiscale methods. The standard (primal) variational format lends itself naturally to the choice of Dirichlet boundary conditions on the Representative Volume Element (RVE). However, how to impose flux boundary conditions, treated as Neumann conditions in the standard variational format, is less obvious. Therefore, in this paper we propose and investigate a novel mixed variational setting, where the fluxes are treated as additional primary fields, in order to provide the natural variational environment for such flux boundary conditions. This mixed dual formulation allows for a conforming implementation of (lower bound) flux boundary conditions in the framework of discretization-based homogenization. To focus on essential features, a very simple problem is studied: the classical stationary linear heat equation. Furthermore, we consider the standard context of model-based homogenization (without loss of generality), since we are only concerned with the RVE problem and merely assume that the relevant macroscale fields are properly prolonged. Numerical results from the primary and the mixed dual variational formats are compared and their convergence properties for mesh finite element (FE) refinement and RVE size are assessed.
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| 22. |
- Corin, Irina, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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A study of the expression of Cyclin E and its isoforms in tumor and adjacent mucosa, correlated to patient outcome in early colon cancer.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-226X .- 0284-186X. ; 49:1, s. 63-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Cyclin E, a key regulator in the cell cycle, is often over-expressed in malignant disease. It can present as full length (FL) and low-molecular-weight (LMW) isoforms. The purpose of this study was to characterize the expression pattern of cyclin E in colon cancer, both in tumor and in macroscopically normal adjacent mucosa. A secondary aim was to study the possible correlation to clinical factors and patient outcome. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Tumor and mucosa tissue from 114 patients with radically operated, non-metastatic colon tumors were analyzed. The cyclin E expression was measured by Western Blot in the tumor and adjacent mucosa using the antibody targeting C-terminal. The cyclin E expression was correlated to both pathology factors as differentiation grade and to the patient outcome. RESULTS: Cyclin E was detected in both tumor and adjacent mucosa and in both FL and LMW-forms. FL was present in 29 (25.4%) tumors and only in three (2.6%) mucosa samples, the corresponding figures for the LMW-isoforms were 80 (70.2%) and 67 (58.8%). There was no correlation between the cyclin E expression and gender, age, tumor location or tumor pathology. Patients with a high expression of LMW isoforms (p < 0.03) or a high total expression (FL+LMW) (p < 0.006) had higher risks of recurrence and thus a worse survival. CONCLUSION: Cyclin E is expressed in FL- and LMW-forms in both colon tumors and the macroscopically normal adjacent mucosa. A high expression of cyclin E in tumor was associated with an increased risk of tumor recurrence and a worse outcome. It could be a possible prognostic marker in non-metastatic colon cancer.
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| 23. |
- Eriksson, Kristoffer, et al.
(författare)
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Globally Optimal Resource Allocation for Achieving Maximum Weighted Sum Rate
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM). - 9781424456376 - 9781424456369 ; , s. 1-6
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We establish a general optimization framework for joint resource allocation and interference mitigation. By utilizing axiomatic interference functions, our problem formulation is very general and includes many problems as special cases. We consider the sum rate maximization problem, which is known to be NP hard. It is shown that due to the structural model of the interference function, the joint optimization of powers and adaptive receive strategies ends up with the optimization solely with respect to powers. This facilitates our formulation of the problem under consideration as a problem of difference of convex functions (DC). Based on this DC representation, we employ a prismatic branch and bound algorithm to find a global optimum.
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| 24. |
- Faria, Vanda, et al.
(författare)
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Do You Believe It? Verbal Suggestions Influence the Clinical and Neural Effects of Escitalopram in Social Anxiety Disorder : A Randomized Trial
- 2017
-
Ingår i: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3964. ; 24, s. 179-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly prescribed for depression and anxiety, but their efficacy relative to placebo has been questioned. We aimed to test how manipulation of verbally induced expectancies, central for placebo, influences SSRI treatment outcome and brain activity in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD).Methods: We did a randomized clinical trial, within an academic medical center (Uppsala, Sweden), of individuals fulfilling the DSM-IV criteria for SAD, recruited through media advertising. Participants were 18 years or older and randomized in blocks, through a computer-generated sequence by an independent party, to nine weeks of overt or covert treatment with escitalopram(20 mg daily). The overt group received correct treatment information whereas the covert group was treated deceptively with the SSRI described, by the psychiatrist, as active placebo. The treating psychiatrist was necessarily unmasked while the research staff was masked from intervention assignment. Treatment efficacy was assessed primarily with the self-rated Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS-SR), administered at week 0, 1, 3, 6 and 9, also yielding a dichotomous estimate of responder status (clinically significant improvement). Before and at the last week of treatment, brain activity during an emotional face-matching task was assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and during fMRI sessions, anticipatory speech anxiety was also assessed with the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - State version (STAI-S). Analyses included all randomized patients with outcome data at posttreatment. This study is registered at ISRCTN, number 98890605.Findings: Between March 17th 2014 and May 22nd 2015, 47 patients were recruited. One patient in the covert group dropped out after a few days of treatment and did not provide fMRI data, leaving 46 patients with complete outcome data. After nine weeks of treatment, overt (n = 24) as compared to covert (n = 22) SSRI administration yielded significantly better outcome on the LSAS-SR (adjusted difference 21.17, 95% CI 10.69–31.65, p < 0.0001) with more than three times higher response rate (50% vs. 14%; χ2(1) = 6.91, p = 0.009) and twice the effect size (d = 2.24 vs. d = 1.13) from pre-to posttreatment. There was no significant between-group difference on anticipatory speech anxiety (STAI-S), both groups improving with treatment. No serious adverse reactions were recorded. On fMRI outcomes, there was suggestive evidence for a differential neural response to treatment between groups in the posterior cingulate, superior temporal and inferior frontal gyri (all z thresholds exceeding 3.68, p ≤ 0.001). Reduced social anxiety with treatment correlated significantly with enhanced posterior cingulate (z threshold 3.24, p = 0.0006) and attenuated amygdala (z threshold 2.70, p = 0.003) activity.Interpretation: The clinical and neural effects of escitalopram were markedly influenced by verbal suggestions. This points to a pronounced placebo component in SSRI-treatment of SAD and favors a biopsychosocial over a biomedical explanatory model for SSRI efficacy.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Gabrielsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Maxsim2-Real-time interactive simulations for computer-assisted teaching of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Computer methods and programs in biomedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7565 .- 0169-2607. ; 113, s. 815-829
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We developed a computer program for use in undergraduate and graduate courses in pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. This program can also be used in environmental and toxicological studies and preclinical simulation, to facilitate communication between modeling pharmacokineticists and project leaders or other decision-makers in the pharmaceutical industry. The program simulates the drug delivery and transport by means of (I) a six-compartment physiological pharmacokinetic flow model, (II) a system of traditional compartment models, or (III) a target-mediated drug disposition system. The program also can be used to simulate instantaneous equilibria between concentration and pharmacodynamic response, or as temporal delays between concentration and response. The latter is done by means of turnover models (indirect response models). Drug absorption, distribution, and elimination are represented by differential equations, which are described by organ and tissue volumes or other volumes of distribution, blood flows, clearance terms, and tissue-to-blood partition coefficients. The user can control and adjust these parameters by means of a slider in real time. By interactively changing the parameter values and simultaneously displaying the resulting concentration-time and/or response-time profiles, users can understand the major mechanisms that govern the disposition or the pharmacological response of the drug in the organism in real time. Schedule dependence is typically seen in clinical practice with a non-linear concentration-response relationship, and is difficult to communicate except via simulations. Here, we sought to illustrate the potential advantages of this approach in teaching pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics to undergraduate pharmacy-, veterinary-, and medical students or to project teams in drug discovery/development.
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| 27. |
- Hakvoort, Ilse, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Primary school teachers’ understanding of emerging conflicts
- 2016
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Ingår i: Different horizons: setting directions for phenomenographic research, EARLI Special Interest Group 9, Phenomenography and Variation Theory, Gothenburg 24-26 Aug.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Conflicts are part of daily school life and often dealt with by teachers. To some extent, democratic societies have encouraged vibrant dialogue in education settings that can lead to heated discussions or avoidance of rules. Our focus is on conflicts that can be negotiated or dealt with through third-party intervention and have not yet escalated. We will present a phenomenographic study on primary schoolteachers’ understanding of emerging conflicts. The interviews had a semi-structured character and questions were formulated around two conflict scenarios that were specifically developed and piloted to describe the phenomenon. Purposive sampling has been used to recruit four public primary schools in the area of Gothenburg and Umeå. From these schools, twenty teachers were interviewed during about an hour. All interviews have been audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. January 2016, the research team started their analyses. The first recursive readings have been conducted and the analytic process will be finalized during the spring 2016. Preliminary insights indicate that teachers understand emerging conflict in several different ways, one of them as an expected part of their daily professional work no matter what happened, another as a threat to the agenda, another one being as a threat to expectations.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Hakvoort, Ilse, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Teachers' Contribution to Sustainable Conflict Resolution Approaches
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Educational Research Association Conference Online Program 2018.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scholars have presented sustainable conflict resolution approaches by referring to core elements like long-term effects, dialogues, social relationships, and learning opportunities. As educational leaders, teachers face conflicts every day and an earlier study revealed an extended language used by teachers to talk about them. The study presented in this paper aims at studying teachers’ conflict resolution strategies using grounded theory. Six focus group interviews were conducted taking its departure in the nine different ways of understanding emerging conflict was expressed in the earlier study. Discussing their strategies for the various ways of understanding provided a richness that we had not expected. For example, teachers explained that they used pupils’ challenging of boundaries as a pedagogical strategy to learn to understand differences.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Hakvoort, Ilse, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Teachers' Understandings of Emerging Conflicts
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. - : Routledge. - 0031-3831 .- 1470-1170. ; 64:1, s. 37-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scholars in the field of conflict resolution in schools theoretically argued that minor distractions and disturbances are conflicts. In the present study, we refer to them as emerging conflicts. The study has been carried out within the phenomenographic research tradition and used semi-structured interviews. We addressed the professionals – the teachers – who deal with emerging conflicts every day, investigating their different ways of understanding an emerging conflict. The 9 different ways we found make the collective and shared understandings of emerging conflicts visible and form a professional language with which to discuss these kinds of conflicts. These nine could be divided into three groups, the social practice of the classroom, something that stems from outside the classroom, and something that characterises all human interaction. The awareness of the existing understandings could further be discussed in relation to what is actually taught in teacher education in Sweden.
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| 32. |
- Herlitz, Johan, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Över 100 doktorsavhandlingar inom den prehospitala akutsjukvården i Sverige
- 2023
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - : Läkartidningen Förlag AB. - 1652-7518. ; 120
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- HUVUDBUDSKAPÖver 100 avhandlingar har i dagsläget skrivits om den prehospitala akutsjukvården i Sverige.Dessa täcker ett omfattande kunskapsfält, allt ifrån prognostiska faktorer vid akut sjukdom till ambulans personalens psykiska och fysiska hälsa.Endast ett kunskapsområde har belysts mera om fattande, och det är hjärt–lungräddning vid plötsligt hjärtstopp.Vården av patienter med psykisk ohälsa har inte belysts i någon avhandling.Det finns stora kunskapsluckor, och vidare forskning inom området behövs.
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| 33. |
- Hulsart-Billström, Gry, et al.
(författare)
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A uni-cortical femoral defect model in the rat : evaluation using injectable hyaluronan hydrogel as a carrier for bone morphogenetic protein-2
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1932-6254 .- 1932-7005. ; 9:7, s. 799-807
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of biomaterial for bone regeneration requires animal models that are reliable and designed to mimic clinically relevant situations. We have previously investigated hydrogels comprised of modified hyaluronic acid and polyvinyl alcohol in models of ectopic bone formation. This hydrogel induces bone regeneration when loaded with bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). To allow further optimization of hydrogels, we developed a new, femoral, non-critical-sized cortical defect model. In the rat femur, we drilled standardized, elongated unilateral cortical defects that did not require stabilization and that could be created bilaterally to allow paired comparisons of biomaterials. After optimizing the defect size, subsequent stress fractures occurred in only 8% and the defect healed partially over the 40 day study period. In a time-course experiment, we treated bone defects with the previously studied hyaluronan hydrogel loaded with 10 µg hydroxyapatite and 6 µg BMP-2. The shape of the defect allowed controlled containment of the material within the defect. The defect in the right leg was left untreated, while the left defect was filled with 40 µl of the BMP hydrogel. As determined by pQCT analysis, the treated defects had a higher bone mineral content, bone area and bone density than control defects. The relative difference was greatest between the groups at 10 and 20 days and diminished as the defect healed in the untreated legs. We conclude that this animal model allows facile and rapid screening of biomaterials for bone regeneration in cortical femoral defects without requiring external fixation.
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| 34. |
- Hulsart-Billström, Gry, et al.
(författare)
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Calcium phosphates compounds in conjunction with hydrogel as carrier for BMP-2 : A study on ectopic bone formation in rats
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Biomaterialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1742-7061 .- 1878-7568. ; 7:8, s. 3042-3049
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current treatment of fractures often involves the use of bone graft or bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) to induce fracture healing, especially in patients with a compromised healing capacity. BMP has to be delivered in conjunction with a carrier. Unfortunately, there are drawbacks and limitations with current carriers, including their bovine origin which carries the risk of an immunological response. The physical properties also limit the use to open surgical procedures, as it cannot be injected. New carriers with improved properties are therefore needed. The aim of this study was to assess the ectopic bone forming capability of various calcium phosphate compounds when used in conjunction with a hydrogel as the carrier for BMP-2. Five different ceramic additives were tested, including beta-tricalcium phosphate and four types of hydroxyapatite (HAP) (nanoHAP, HAP, clods of HAP >100 mu m, and the biomimetic HAP Ostim35 (R)). The compounds were injected into the thigh muscle of rats, where it formed a gel in situ. After 4 weeks bone formation was evaluated by peripheral quantitative computed tomography and histology. The major finding was that the 20 nm nanoHAP yielded a higher bone density than the other additives (P = 0.0008, ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparison test). We hypothesize that the higher bone density induced by nanoHAP might be due to nanocrystals of calcium phosphate acting as direct building blocks for biomineralization.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Hulsart-Billström, Gry, et al.
(författare)
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Morphological differences in BMP-2-induced ectopic bone between solid and crushed hyaluronan hydrogel templates
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0957-4530 .- 1573-4838. ; 24:5, s. 1201-1209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possibility to affect bone formation by using crushed versus solid hydrogels as carriers for bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) was studied. Hydrogels, based on chemical crosslinking between hyaluronic acid and poly(vinyl alcohol) derivatives, were loaded with BMP-2 and hydroxyapatite. Crushed and solid forms of the gels were analyzed both in vitro via a release study using I-125 radioactive labeling of BMP-2, and in vivo in a subcutaneous ectopic bone model in rats. Dramatically different morphologies were observed for the ectopic bone formed in vivo in the two types of gels, even though virtually identical release profiles were observed in vitro. Solid hydrogels induced formation of a dense bone shell around non-degraded hydrogel, while crushed hydrogels demonstrated a uniform bone formation throughout the entire sample. These results suggest that by crushing the hydrogel, the construct's three-dimensional network becomes disrupted. This could expose unreacted functional groups, making the fragment's surfaces reactive and enable limited chemical fusion between the crushed hydrogel fragments, leading to similar in vitro release profiles. However, in vivo these interactions could be broken by enzymatic activity, creating a macroporous structure that allows easier cell infiltration, thus, facilitating bone formation.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Hulsart Billström, Gry, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Non-invasive tri-modal visualisation via PET/SPECT/μCT of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 retention and associated bone regeneration : A proof of concept
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Controlled Release. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-3659 .- 1873-4995. ; 285, s. 178-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP's) are vital for bone and cartilage formation, where bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is acknowledged as a growth factor in osteoblast differentiation. However, uncontrolled delivery may result in adverse clinical effects. In this study we investigated the possibility for longitudinal and non-invasive monitoring of implanted [125I]BMP-2 retention and its relation to ossification at the site of implantation. A unilateral critically sized femoral defect was produced in the left limb of rats while the right femur was retained intact as a paired reference control. The defect was filled with a hyaluronan hydrogel with 25% hydroxyapatite alone (carrier control; n = 2) or combined with a mixture of [125I]BMP-2 (150 μg/ml; n = 4). Bone formation was monitored using micro computed tomography (μCT) scans at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 12 weeks. The retention of [125I]BMP-2 was assessed with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and the bone healing process was followed with sodium fluoride (Na18F) using positron emission tomography (PET) at day 3 and at week 2, 4, and 6. A rapid burst release of [125I]BMP-2 was detected via SPECT. This was followed by a progressive increase in uptake levels of [18F]fluoride depicted by PET imaging that was confirmed as bone formation via μCT. We propose that this functional, non-invasive imaging method allows tri-modal visualisation of the release of BMP-2 and the following in vivo response. We suggest that the potential of this novel technique could be considered for preclinical evaluation of novel smart materials on bone regeneration.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Jonsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Targeting Academic Engagement in Open Innovation: Tools, Effects and Challenges for University Management
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the Knowledge Economy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1868-7865 .- 1868-7873. ; 6:3, s. 522-550
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Besides commercialization, university knowledge is commonly transferred through different interactions constituting the so called academic engagement. Very little attention has been paid to professionalizing these various interactions compared to the linear commercialization funnel. In this paper, we conducted a qualitative case study of the innovation support organization at Uppsala University, Sweden, analysing the following: Which mechanisms and tools the university management does apply in order to create targeted open innovation interactions and which effects and challenges emerge when applying these tools? We found that staff with experience of both academia and industry is important for enabling open innovation interactions to evolve and that tools can be used to concretize specific and deeper interactions. However, six challenges was also identified: (1) the intermittent nature of university-industry interactions; (2) lack of codified ways to trace effects; (3) extensive and time consuming preparatory work; (4) the extra resources and low conversion rates in engaging academically unrelated small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs); (5) high costs of recruiting staff with double competence and running the studied tools; and (6) the interdependencies which makes the system sensitive. Our results indicate that the tools used help the university to follow a mode 3 of knowledge creation. The study addressed the research gap regarding organizational support in academic engagement by indicating which tools can be used by the university management to target and focus industryacademia interactions, their effects and associated challenges. A lot of the effects still need to be codified, and more research is needed to understand their impact over time.
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| 43. |
- Kaldo, Viktor, Professor, et al.
(författare)
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An open-ended primary-care group intervention for insomnia based on a self-help book : A randomized controlled trial and 4-year follow-up
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Sleep Research. - : Wiley. - 0962-1105 .- 1365-2869. ; 29:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic insomnia is a common and burdensome problem for patients seeking primary care. Cognitive behavioural therapy has been shown to be effective for insomnia, also when presented with co-morbidities, but access to sleep therapists is limited. Group-treatment and self-administered treatment via self-help books have both been shown to be efficacious treatment options, and the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of an open-ended group intervention based on a self-help book for insomnia, adapted to fit a primary-care setting. Forty primary-care patients with insomnia (mean age 55 years, 80% women) were randomized to the open-ended group intervention based on a cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia self-help book or to a care as usual/wait-list control condition. Results show high attendance to group sessions and high treatment satisfaction. Participants in the control group later received the self-help book, but without the group intervention. The book-based group treatment resulted in significantly improved insomnia severity, as well as shorter sleep-onset latency, less wake time after sleep onset, and less use of sleep medication compared with treatment as usual. The improvements were sustained at a 4-year follow-up assessment. A secondary analysis found a significant advantage of the combination of the book and the open-ended group intervention compared with when the initial control group later used only the self-help book. An open-ended treatment group based on a self-help book for insomnia thus seems to be an effective and feasible intervention for chronic insomnia in primary-care settings.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Larsson, Kristoffer, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Att byta perspektiv i samhällskunskap – en variationsteoridriven interventionsstudie
- 2022
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Ingår i: Skolforskningsinstitutet, symposium för Praktiknära skolforskning – erfarenheter, dilemman och framtidsspaningar, Stockholm 17 nov 2022, Coor Konferens.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med projektet (Skolforskningsinstitutet, dnr: 2018-00016) har varit att skapa kunskap om hur ett systematiskt genomfört undervisningsupplägg kan påverka elevernas möjlighet att utveckla sitt kritiska tänkande i samhällskunskap. I vårt fall har fokus legat på den aspekt av kritiskt tänkande som kallas perspektivbyte. I projektets första del analyserades över 2000 elevsvar från tre essäuppgifter i det nationella provet i samhällskunskap för åk 9 från läsåret 2013/2014. Avsikten var dels att finna hur perspektivbyte manifesterades i elevsvaren, dels vad som, ur en variationsteoretisk synvinkel, var nödvändigt att lära sig för att utveckla sin förmåga till perspektivbyte i relation till en samhällsfråga. Baserat på resultaten från projektets första del utarbetades och genomfördes sedan en systematisk teoridriven undervisningsintervention. I den prövades effekten av ett variationsteoretiskt undervisningsupplägg på elevernas förmåga att byta perspektiv när de resonerar om en samhällsfråga. Effekten av den variationsteoretiska undervisningen jämfördes med effekten hos en kontrollgrupp som fick vanlig undervisning med fokus på perspektivbyte. Resultaten visar att eleverna i den variationsteoretiska gruppen blev signifikant bättre på att byta perspektiv än eleverna i kontrollgruppen.
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| 48. |
- Larsson, Kristoffer, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Att lära eleverna att byta perspektiv i samhällskunskap
- 2022
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Ingår i: Forskning pågår, Utbildningsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Göteborgs universitet, 2 nov 2022.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hur tränar man elevers förmåga att tänka kritiskt i samhällskunskap? Vi presenterar resultat från ett forskningsprojekt finansierat av Skolforskningsinstitutet (dnr: 2018-00016) , där vi testat ett undervisningsupplägg för att förbättra elevernas förmåga att se en samhällsfråga från flera perspektiv. I presentationen ges konkreta tips på hur läraren kan designa undervisning för att utveckla elevernas förmåga till perspektivbyte.
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| 49. |
- Larsson, Kristoffer, 1974
(författare)
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Critical Thinking in Students' Ethical Reasoning: A Reflection on Some Examples from the Swedish National Test in Religious Education
- 2017
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Ingår i: Assessment in Ethics Education. A Case of National Tests in Religious Education.. - Cham, Switzerland : Springer International Publishing AG. - 9783319507682 ; , s. 51-67
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To reason about ethical issues in a thoughtful manner is often seen as a desirable human ability if one is to live a responsible life, both as an individual and as a member of society. Taking its point of departure in Professor of Ethics Daniel Lee’s non-confessional approach to ethics education and Professor of Education Robert Ennis’s definition of critical thinking, this chapter reflects on manifestations of critical thinking in 9th graders’ responses to two tasks concerning ethical issues in the Swedish national tests in religious education. The reflection tries to describe and discuss some critical-thinking skills that are manifested and how these vary among the analysed student responses. The reflection also considers how task design may affect opportunities for students to manifest critical thinking. Further, the reflection discusses whether critical thinking could be a feasible focus point when testing, measuring and assessing students’ ethical reasoning, in order to avoid mixing personal and societal ethical values into the processes of testing, measuring and assessing this kind of reasoning.
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| 50. |
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