| 1. |
- Fretwurst, T., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of macrophages infiltrating peri-implantitis lesions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 31:3, s. 274-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of peri-implantitis lesions are poorly understood. It was the aim to determine the content and activation status of macrophages present in human peri-implantitis lesions and compare the current findings with the macrophage polarization associated with periodontitis lesions. Material and Methods A total of 14 patients were studied in this investigation. Seven were soft tissue biopsies from dental implants affected by peri-implantitis that required explantation. Seven biopsies were from chronic periodontal disease. Immunofluorescence stains were performed using biomarkers to identify macrophages (CD68(+)) undergoing M1 polarization (iNOS(+)) and M2 polarization (CD206(+)), along with Hoechst 33,342 to identify DNA content. All samples were stained and photographed, and double-positive cells for CD68 and iNOS or CD68 and CD206 were quantified. Results All peri-implantitis biopsies examined revealed a mixed population of macrophages undergoing M1 polarization and M2 polarization. Further analysis demonstrated the co-expression of iNOS and CD206, which indicates the presence of a heterogenic immune response on peri-implantitis lesions. Macrophage polarization in peri-implantitis lesions presents a distinct pattern than in periodontitis. We observed a significant increase in the population of M1 macrophages on peri-implantitis samples compared to periodontal disease samples. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that peri-implantitis has higher numbers of macrophages displaying a distinct macrophage M1 polarization signature compared to periodontitis lesions. This pattern may explain, in part, the distinct nature of peri-implantitis progression vs. periodontitis in humans.
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| 2. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 3. |
- Pivodic, Aldina, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of DIGIROP models and decision support tool for prediction of treatment for retinopathy of prematurity on a contemporary Swedish cohort
- 2023
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Ingår i: British Journal of Ophthalmology. - : BMJ. - 0007-1161 .- 1468-2079. ; 107:8, s. 1132-1138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is currently diagnosed through repeated eye examinations to find the low percentage of infants that fulfil treatment criteria to reduce vision loss. A prediction model for severe ROP requiring treatment that might sensitively and specifically identify infants that develop severe ROP, DIGIROP-Birth, was developed using birth characteristics. DIGIROP-Screen additionally incorporates first signs of ROP in different models over time. The aim was to validate DIGIROP-Birth, DIGIROP-Screen and their decision support tool on a contemporary Swedish cohort. Methods Data were retrieved from the Swedish national registry for ROP (2018-2019) and two Swedish regions (2020), including 1082 infants born at gestational age (GA) 24 to <31 weeks. The predictors were GA at birth, sex, standardised birth weight and age at the first sign of ROP. The outcome was ROP treatment. Sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) with 95% CI were described. Results For DIGIROP-Birth, the AUC was 0.93 (95% CI 0.90 to 0.95); for DIGIROP-Screen, it ranged between 0.93 and 0.97. The specificity was 49.9% (95% CI 46.7 to 53.0) and the sensitivity was 96.5% (95% CI 87.9 to 99.6) for the tool applied at birth. For DIGIROP-Screen, the cumulative specificity ranged between 50.0% and 78.7%. One infant with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome who fulfilled criteria for ROP treatment and had no missed/incomplete examinations was incorrectly flagged as not needing screening. Conclusions DIGIROP-Birth and DIGIROP-Screen showed high predictive ability in a contemporary Swedish cohort. At birth, 50% of the infants born at 24 to <31 weeks of gestation were predicted to have low risk of severe ROP and could potentially be released from ROP screening examinations. All routinely screened treated infants, excluding those screened for clinical indications of severe illness, were correctly flagged as needing ROP screening.
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| 4. |
- Ahlin, Sofie, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Fracture risk after three bariatric surgery procedures in Swedish obese subjects : up to 26 years follow-up of a controlled intervention study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 287:5, s. 546-557
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous studies have reported an increased fracture risk after bariatric surgery. Objective: To investigate the association between different bariatric surgery procedures and fracture risk. Methods: Incidence rates and hazard ratios for fracture events were analysed in the Swedish Obese Subjects study; an ongoing, nonrandomized, prospective, controlled intervention study. Hazard ratios were adjusted for risk factors for osteoporosis and year of inclusion. Information on fracture events were captured from the Swedish National Patient Register. The current analysis includes 2007 patients treated with bariatric surgery (13.3% gastric bypass, 18.7% gastric banding, and 68.0% vertical banded gastroplasty) and 2040 control patients with obesity matched on group level based on 18 variables. Median follow-up was between 15.1 and 17.9 years for the different treatment groups. Results: During follow-up, the highest incidence rate for first-time fracture was observed in the gastric bypass group (22.9 per 1000 person-years). The corresponding incidence rates were 10.4, 10.7 and 9.3 per 1000 person-years for the vertical banded gastroplasty, gastric banding and control groups, respectively. The risk of fracture was increased in the gastric bypass group compared with the control group (adjusted hazard ratio [adjHR] 2.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.02–3.31; P < 0.001), the gastric banding group (adjHR 1.99; 95%CI 1.41–2.82; P < 0.001), and the vertical banded gastroplasty group (adjHR 2.15; 95% CI 1.66–2.79; P < 0.001). Conclusions: The risk of fracture is increased after gastric bypass surgery. Our findings highlight the need for long-term follow-up of bone health for patients undergoing this treatment.
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| 5. |
- Dionigi, Carlotta, et al.
(författare)
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Cellular expression of epigenetic markers and oxidative stress in periodontitis lesions of smokers and non-smokers
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Periodontal Research. - : Wiley. - 0022-3484 .- 1600-0765. ; 57:5, s. 952-959
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To evaluate differences in the cellular expression of epigenetic markers and oxidative stress in periodontitis lesions between current smokers and non-smokers. Background Tobacco smoking is recognized as one of the major risk factors for periodontitis. However, the mechanisms by which smoking affects the progression of the disease remain to be determined. Methods Twenty-five current smokers and 21 non-smokers with generalized severe periodontitis were included. From each patient, one soft tissue biopsy from a periodontitis site was harvested and prepared for histological analysis. The infiltrated connective tissue (ICT) was selected as the region of interest to assess the cellular expression of epigenetic markers and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) by immunohistochemistry. Results Although the ICT of smokers and non-smokers did not differ in size or in the expression of markers for DNA damage or oxidative stress, current smokers presented with significantly lower area proportions and densities of cells positive for the epigenetic markers DNMT1 and AcH3. In addition, periodontitis lesions in current smokers presented with a diminished antimicrobial activity, as indicated by significantly lower densities and area proportions of NOX2- and iNOS-positive cells. Conclusions Components of the host response and epigenetic mechanisms in periodontitis lesions in smokers are downregulated as opposed to lesions of non-smokers.
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| 6. |
- Hellberg, C., et al.
(författare)
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Evidence and evidence gaps in assessments and interventions in areas related to social work research and practice - an overview of four evidence maps
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Social Work. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664. ; 26:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This overview of four evidence maps is based on systematic reviews of assessment and interventions in social work practice. The aim was to investigate the evidence and evidence gaps within four important areas for social work research and practice. Descriptive data on search strategies and domains were collected from four evidence maps, on Social Assistance, Substance Dependence, Care for older adults respectively for persons with disabilities. The scientific quality and scientific evidence were assessed. Key findings were summarised by analyzing and discussing common and specific elements in the evidence maps. The overview was undertaken in close collaboration between researchers with expertise in the field and a government agency. The overview identified both evidence and evidence gaps with respect to effects and experiences of interventions and assessment methods in four evidence maps. Evidence maps provide a comprehensive picture of the state of social services research and can thereby be of use to both researchers and practitioners, and in the production of evidence based social work.
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| 7. |
- Larsson, R., et al.
(författare)
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To tape or not to tape: annular ligament (pulley) injuries in rock climbers-a systematic review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bmc Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-1847. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Popularity of rock climbing is steadily increasing. With its inclusion in the Olympic Games this will likely continue. Injuries from rock climbing are also increasing. The most common injury is to the flexor pulley system, consisting of the finger flexors and five annular ligaments (pulleys). Treatment of this injury includes taping of affected fingers, but evaluation of this treatment was previously lacking. The aim of this review was therefore to assess whether taping is associated with better outcomes than non-taping. A secondary aim was to present treatment recommendations or areas for future research. Methods Systematic searches of PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, PEDro and CINAHL. Free text searches of Google Scholar. Citation searching. No restrictions to language, date of publication or study design. Included studies were assessed using Cochrane scale for clinical relevance, by two independent authors. Results were presented in narrative synthesis. Certainty of evidence (GRADE) was assessed by three authors. Review was done according to PICO-protocol and reported according to PRISMA-guidelines. Results After removing duplicates, 595 records were identified. Eight studies and one case report (in nine articles, one poster) were included, consisting of 206 rock climbers, four non-climbers, 23 pairs of cadaver hands. Clinical relevance ranged from 0 to 5 (median 2). Evidence of low to moderate certainty suggests that taping might reduce bowstringing of the finger flexor tendons by 15-22%. Evidence regarding pain, time for return to sports, shearing forces against pulleys, pulley ruptures and maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) were all regarded as "very low", "very low to low" or "low", and were not considered reliable. Evidence of moderate certainty suggests that taping has no effect on MVC or muscle activation in uninjured rock climbers. No adverse effects of taping were reported. Conclusion Low to moderate evidence suggests that taping might reduce bowstringing of the finger flexor tendons. Moderate evidence suggests that taping has no effect on MVC or muscle activation in uninjured climbers. For other outcomes more studies evaluating the effects of taping are needed. Trial registration: PROSPERO CRD42021241271, date of registration: 18-04-2021.
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| 8. |
- Maekawa, S., et al.
(författare)
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BMP Gene-Immobilization to Dental Implants Enhances Bone Regeneration
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials Interfaces. - : Wiley. - 2196-7350. ; 9:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For individuals who have experienced tooth loss, dental implants are an important treatment option for oral reconstruction. For these patients, alveolar bone augmentation and acceleration of osseointegration optimize implant stability. Traditional oral surgery often requires invasive procedures, which can result in prolonged treatment time and associated morbidity. It has been previously shown that chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization of functionalized [2.2]paracyclophanes can be used to anchor gene encoding vectors onto biomaterial surfaces and local delivery of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-encoding vector can increase alveolar bone volume and density in vivo. This study is the first to combine the use of CVD technology and BMP gene delivery on titanium for the promotion of bone regeneration and bone to implant contact in vivo. BMP-7 tethered to titanium surface enhances osteoblast cell differentiation and alkaline phosphatase activity in vitro and increases alveolar bone regeneration and % bone to implant contact similar to using high doses of exogenously applied BMP-7 in vivo. The use of this innovative gene delivery strategy on implant surfaces offers an alternative treatment option for targeted alveolar bone reconstruction.
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| 9. |
- Olsson, Erika, 1970-
(författare)
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Diet and common neurological disorders: cohort studies on dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and stroke
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Risk factors for dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and stroke have been widely studied but there are still research gaps concerning the role of diet for the development of these diseases. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate whether various aspects of diet are associated with common disorders and diseases in the brain. Paper I and II are based on the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM). Paper III and IV are based on the Swedish Mammography Cohort (SMC) and the Cohort of Swedish Men (COSM). In paper I, we investigated the associations between three different dietary patterns and incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), dementia, and cognitive impairment. We observed no associations between adherence to the Healthy Diet Indicator and any of the outcomes studied, or between adherence to a Mediterranean-like diet (mMDS) and AD or dementia. There was a tendency towards a lower risk of cognitive impairment with higher adherence to the mMDS, and a weak association between adherence to a Low Carbohydrate High Protein score and higher risk of all-type dementia. Overall, there were no strong associations with the studied dietary patterns and development of dementia or cognitive impairment. In paper II, we found no associations of vitamin D measured as vitamin D intake, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, or a vitamin D synthesis genetic risk score with incident AD, vascular dementia, dementia, or performance in the Mini-Mental State Examination.In paper III, we observed a weak higher risk of PD associated with milk consumption but there was no dose-response relationship. Thus, this association needs to be interpreted with caution. Fermented milk intake was not associated with PD.In paper IV, we found that a higher long-term milk consumption based on repeated measures of intake was not associated with total stroke, weakly and non-linearly associated with lower risk of cerebral infarction and higher risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Fermented milk consumption was not associated with any stroke type. Our results highlight the importance of repeated measurements of food intake, separate analyses of milk and fermented milk consumption, and to study stroke types separately.Despite the lack of strong associations, the findings of this thesis have increased our knowledge about the potential role of overall diet, vitamin D, and milk and fermented consumption in the prevention or development of common neurodegenerative diseases and stroke.
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| 10. |
- Olsson, Erika, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Milk and Fermented Milk Consumption and Risk of Stroke : Longitudinal Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 14:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of milk and fermented milk consumption in stroke risk is unclear. We investigated associations of time-updated information on milk and fermented milk consumption (1997 and 2009) with total stroke, cerebral infarction, and hemorrhagic stroke risk among 79,618 Swedish women and men (mean age 61.3 years). During a mean follow-up of 17.7 years, we identified 9735 incident cases of total stroke, of which 7573 were cerebral infarctions, 1470 hemorrhagic strokes, and 692 unspecified strokes. Compared with an intake of 100 g/day of milk, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of cerebral infarction were 1.05 (1.02-1.08) for 0 g/day, 0.97 (0.95-0.99) for 200 g/day, 0.96 (0.92-1.00) for 400 g/day, 0.98 (0.94-1.03) for 600 g/day, and 1.01 (0.94-1.07) for 800 g/day. Corresponding estimates for hemorrhagic stroke were 0.98 (0.91-1.05) for 0 g/day, 1.02 (0.97-1.07) for 200 g/day, 1.07 (0.98-1.17) for 400 g/day, 1.13 (1.02-1.25) for 600 g/day, and 1.19 (1.03-1.36) for 800 g/day. No associations were observed between milk consumption and total stroke or for fermented milk consumption and any of the stroke outcomes. Higher long-term milk consumption based on repeated measures of intake was weakly and non-linearly associated with cerebral infarction, and was directly associated with hemorrhagic stroke.
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| 11. |
- Olsson, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Milk and Fermented Milk Intake and Parkinson's Disease : Cohort Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI. - 2072-6643. ; 12:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Milk and fermented milk consumption has been linked to health and mortality but the association with Parkinson's disease (PD) is uncertain. We conducted a study to investigate whether milk and fermented milk intakes are associated with incident PD. This cohort study included 81,915 Swedish adults (with a mean age of 62 years) who completed a questionnaire, including questions about milk and fermented milk (soured milk and yogurt) intake, in 1997. PD cases were identified through linkage with the Swedish National Patient and Cause of Death Registers. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios were obtained from Cox proportional hazards regression models. During a mean follow-up of 14.9 years, 1251 PD cases were identified in the cohort. Compared with no or low milk consumption (<40 mL/day), the hazard ratios of PD across quintiles of milk intake were 1.29 (95% CI 1.07, 1.56) for 40-159 mL/day, 1.19 (95% CI 0.99, 1.42) for 160-200 mL/day, 1.29 (95% CI 1.08, 1.53) for 201-400 mL/day, and 1.14 (95% CI 0.93, 1.40) for >400 mL/day. Fermented milk intake was not associated with PD. We found a weak association between milk intake and increased risk of PD but no dose-response relationship. Fermented milk intake was not associated with increased risk of PD.
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| 12. |
- Wang, C. W., et al.
(författare)
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Maresin 1 Promotes Wound Healing and Socket Bone Regeneration for Alveolar Ridge Preservation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Dental Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-0345 .- 1544-0591. ; 99:8, s. 930-937
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tooth extraction results in alveolar bone resorption and is accompanied by postoperative swelling and pain. Maresin 1 (MaR1) is a proresolving lipid mediator produced by macrophages during the resolution phase of inflammation, bridging healing and tissue regeneration. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of MaR1 on tooth extraction socket wound healing in a preclinical rat model. The maxillary right first molars of Sprague-Dawley rats were extracted, and gelatin scaffolds were placed into the sockets with or without MaR1. Topical application was also given twice a week until complete socket wound closure up to 14 d. Immediate postoperative pain was assessed by 3 scores. Histology and microcomputed tomography were used to assess socket bone fill and alveolar ridge dimensional changes at selected dates. The assessments of coded specimens were performed by masked, calibrated examiners. Local application of MaR1 potently accelerated extraction socket healing. Macroscopic and histologic analysis revealed a reduced soft tissue wound opening and more rapid re-epithelialization with MaR1 delivery versus vehicle on socket healing. Under micro-computed tomography analysis, MaR1 (especially at 0.05 mu g/mu L) stimulated greater socket bone fill at day 10 as compared with the vehicle-treated animals, resulting in less buccal plate resorption and a wider alveolar ridge by day 21. Interestingly, an increased ratio of CD206(+):CD68(+) macrophages was identified in the sockets with MaR1 application under immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis. As compared with the vehicle therapy, local delivery of MaR1 reduced immediate postoperative surrogate pain score panels. In summary, MaR1 accelerated extraction wound healing, promoted socket bone fill, preserved alveolar ridge bone, and reduced postoperative pain in vivo with a rodent preclinical model. Local administration of MaR1 offers clinical potential to accelerate extraction socket wound healing for more predictable dental implant reconstruction.
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