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- Karlsson, Daniel M G, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of tissue movement on laser Doppler perfusion imaging
- 2002
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Ingår i: <em></em><em>Proc. SPIE</em> 4624, Optical Diagnostics and Sensing of Biological Fluids and Glucose and Cholesterol Monitoring II, 106 (May 24, 2002), Vol. 4624. - : SPIE. ; , s. 106-114, s. 106-114
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The microvascular perfusion can be measured using laser Doppler blood flowmetry (LDF), a technique sensitive to the concentration of moving blood cells and their velocity. However, movements of the tissue itself can cause artifacts in the perfusion readings. In a clinical situation, these movement induced artifacts may arise from patient movements or from movements of internal organs e.g. the intestines or the beating heart. Therefore, we have studied how a well-controlled tissue movement affects the LDF signals during different flow conditions and for different surface structures. Tissue perfusion was recorded non-touch in one point using a laser Doppler perfusion imager. During the measurements the object was placed on a shaker that generated the movement (both horizontal and vertical). Measurements were carried out both on DELRIN® (polyacetal plastic) and the fingertip, for a wide range of velocities (0-3 cm/s). The influence of the microvascular perfusion was evaluated by occluding the brachial artery as well as blood emptying the finger and by using a flow model. The LDF signals were correlated to the movement. In vivo measurements showed that velocities above 0.8 cm/s gave a significant contribution to the perfusion signal. Corresponding velocities for the DELRIN® piece were higher (1.4 – 2.6 cm/s), and dependent on the surface structures and reflecting properties. By reducing the amount of specular reflection the movement influence was substantially lowered.
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| 2. |
- Gullbo, Joachim, et al.
(författare)
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Antitumor efficacy and acute toxicity of the novel dipeptide melphalanyl-p-L-fluorophenylalanine ethyl ester (J1) in vivo.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Investigational new drugs. - 0167-6997. ; 22:4, s. 411-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The novel alkylating dipeptide melphalanyl-p-L-fluorophenylalanine ethyl ester (J1) was evaluated for acute toxicity and antitumor activity in mice, with melphalan as a reference. To determine a safe and tolerable dose for efficacy studies the acute toxicity following intravenous injection in the tail vein was monitored using a 14-day schedule with up to four doses. The highest tested dose, 25 micromoles/kg, was considered close to this level, with minor effects on body weight gain but significant effects on hematological parameters. Melphalan and J1 appeared equitoxic with no statistically significant differences. Subsequently a mouse hollow fiber model was employed with subcutaneous implantation of fibers containing human tumor cells. Three different human tumor cell lines as well as two samples of primary human tumor cells (ovarian carcinoma and chronic lymphatic leukemia) were used as tumor models. At the dose level tested there was a marked and statistically significant decrease in both T-cell leukemia CCRF-CEM and small cell lung cancer NCI-H69 tumor cell growth and viability in response to J1 as compared with both placebo and melphalan treated groups. In primary ovarian carcinoma cells only J1 treatment resulted in significant tumor regression (net cell kill). In summary the results indicate that, despite an expected short half time in the blood circulation, the promising in vitro data from the previous studies of J1 seems translatable into the in vivo situation. At equal doses of alkylating units J1, compared to melphalan, was more active in the mouse hollow-fiber model, but showed similar general toxicity.
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| 3. |
- Häggblad, Erik, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Reflectance spectroscopy
- 2000
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Ingår i: Eight Int Symp CNVD 2000,2000. ; , s. 45-50
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Larsson, Marcus, 1974-
(författare)
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Influence of optical properties on Laser Doppler Flowmetry
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is based on the principle that a Doppler shift occurs when coherent light is scattered by a moving object, i.e. red blood cell (RBC). The magnitude of these frequency shifts affects the optical beating that occurs w hen shifted and non-shifted light is mixed. Based on the optical beating, an LDF perfusion measure is calculated. However, the measure is not only sensitive to the RBC velocity and concentration, but also to the photon path Jength in tissue and the scattering characteristics of the RBC. The Jatter two are both govemed by the optical properties (OP), attributes that differ both within and between individuals.The aim of this thesis was to evaluate how the RBC and tissue OP affect the LDF perfusion measure, and to propose methods that partly correct for these errors. Phantom measurements and Monte Carlo simulations showed that the LDF perfusion was significantly affected by variations in OP relevant to skin, especially when comparing individual readings. Simulations revealed that the variations in OP affected the LDF perfusion and the photon path length in a similar manner. This suggests that a path length normalised measure would decrease the OP induced variations, possibly enabling accurate intra and inter-individual comparisons of LDF perfusion measures in different organs.A path length estimation technique, based on spatially diffuse reflectance, is proposed and evaluated. Monte Carlo simulations showed that the algorithm predicted the photon path length with an rms error of less than 5%. In vivo measurement (11 subjects) displayed a longer estimated path length (~35%) for the fingertip compared to the forearm. Comparing individual measurements from similar locations, variations up to 40% (max/min) were found. These findings clearly indicate the need for a path length normalization when comparing LDF readings.The LDF Doppler spectrum is govemed by the RBC velocity distribution and its phase function. In this thesis, an approach is presented where a measured LDF Doppler spectrum is decomposed using a number of theoretical, single-velocity spectra. As a result, a velocity-resolved perfusion measure is achieved. As the blood flow velocity depends on the dimension of the blood vessel, this approach has the potential to differentiate between arteriole/ venule and capillary activity. In addition, the path length estimation technique and the RBC scattering theory, presented in this thesis, provides a promising step towards an absolute perfusion measure.
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| 7. |
- Larsson, Marcus, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of tissue phantom optical properties and emitting - receiving fiber distance on Laser Doppler flowmetry
- 2000
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Ingår i: Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging,2000. - San José : SPIE. - 0819435392 ; , s. 56-63
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of emitting - receiving fiber distance on the perfusion signal in laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) for a range of optical properties has been studied. A custom made LDF probe with eight 230 μm fibers arranged in a row was used. Measurements were made on a tissue phantom with three different sets of optical properties (P={μs; μa} [mm-1]; P1={14.7; 0.212}, P2={44.9; 0.226} and P3=(45.6; 0.0532}). A single moving disc simulated flow at four different depths. The noise-corrected perfusion for a given set of optical properties (P), fiber distance (l) and disc depth (d) is defined as Perf(ν,P,d,l)=k(P,d,l) v, where v is the speed of the rotating disc. The relative difference between two slopes, Δk(Pa,Pb,l,d), indicates how sensitive the LDF readings are to changes in optical properties (Pb → Pa) for given disc depth and fiber distance. Evaluation of Δk(P1,P2,d,l) (reflects changes in scattering coefficient, μs) and Δk(P3,P2,d,l) (reflects changes in absorption coefficient, μa) indicated that LDF perfusion was more sensitive to the changes in μs than in μa. The sensitivity also increased with increasing disc depth. A fiber distance of 920 [μm] was found to minimize these effects. E.g. the sensitivity due to the variations in μs, for fiber distance l1=920, l2=230 [μm] and for all disc depths, was Δk(P1,P2,l1)=[0.76, 1.06, 1.58, 2.40] and Δk(P1,P2,l2)=[1.61, 2.98, 5.04, 7.67].
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| 8. |
- Nayeri, Fariba, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Hepatocyte growth factor may accelerate healing in chronic leg ulcers : a pilot study
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of dermatological treatment (Print). - : Informa UK Limited. - 0954-6634 .- 1471-1753. ; 13:2, s. 81-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND : Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a heparin-binding protein with mitogenic, motogenic and morphogenic activities for various cell types. The regenerative properties of HGF have been the object of several animal and in vitro studies in recent years.OBJECTIVE : To investigate the physiological and therapeutic effects of HGF on chronic leg ulcers.METHODS : HGF in gel form was locally applied, once daily for 7 days, to 15 of 19 chronic leg ulcers in 11 elderly patients. All patients had previously been treated by conventional methods and their leg ulcers had been in stable conditions for between 1 and 14 years. Any signs of allergy, discomfort or pain were reported daily. Microcirculation perfusion in the ulcers, compared to the intact contiguous skin, was determined by laser Doppler at the beginning of the study, after 1 week and again after 3 months (in seven patients). Ulcer size and characteristics were also documented.RESULTS : It was observed that microcirculatory perfusion, which might reflect the angiogenic effect of HGF, was statistically significantly correlated ( r = 0.94, p < 0.002) to ulcer area reduction in the treated ulcers. Excellent (84-100% area reduction) or partial healing (58-59%) was seen in eight out of 11 patients. No control group was included in this pilot study, which must be completed by proper control studies.CONCLUSION : This study suggests that HGF may heal chronic leg ulcers, possibly by improving the microcirculation. Proper control studies need to be performed.
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Photon pathlength determination based on spatially resolved diffuse reflectance
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Optics. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng. - 1083-3668 .- 1560-2281. ; 7:3, s. 478-485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for the prediction of the average photon pathlength in turbid media has been developed. The method is based on spatially resolved diffuse reflectance with discrete source detector distances up to 2 mm. Light reflectance was simulated using a Monte Carlo technique with a one-layer model utilizing a wide range of optical properties, relevant to human skin. At a source detector separation of 2 mm, the pathlength can vary sixfold due to differences in optical properties. By applying various preprocessing and prediction techniques, the pathlength can be predicted with a root-mean-square error of approximately 5%. Estimation of the photon pathlength can be used, e.g., to remove the influence of optical properties on laser Doppler flowmetry perfusion readings, which are almost linearly related to the average photon pathlength.
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