| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Ahlström, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Mesolithic human skeletal remains from Tågerup, Scania, Sweden
- 2003
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Ingår i: Mesolithic on the move : papers presented at the Sixth International Conference on the Mesolithic in Europe, Stockholm 2000 - papers presented at the Sixth International Conference on the Mesolithic in Europe, Stockholm 2000. - 1842170899 ; , s. 478-484
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Almqvist, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison between computational fluid dynamic and Reynolds approaches for simulating transient EHL line contacts
- 2004
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Ingår i: Tribology International. - 0301-679X .- 1879-2464. ; 37:1, s. 61-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When simulating elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL), the Reynolds equation is the predominating partial differential equation for prediction of the fluid flow. Also very few attempts have been carried out using the full momentum and continuity equations separately. The aim of this investigation is to compare two different approaches for simulation of EHL line contacts where a single ridge travels through an EHL conjunction. One of the approaches is based on the Reynolds equation, addressing the coupling between the pressure and the film thickness. The solver uses the advantages of multilevel techniques to speed up the convergence rate. The other approach is based on commercial CFD software. The software uses the momentum and continuity equations in their basic form, enabling numerical simulations outside the contact regions, as well as in the thin film region to be carried out. The numerical experiments show that, under the running conditions chosen, only small deviations between the two approaches can be observed. The results are encouraging from several viewpoints: validation of the codes, the possibilities of further developments of the CFD approach and the justification of using a Reynolds approach under the running conditions chosen
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Almqvist, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Some remarks on the validity of Reynolds equation in the modeling of lubricant film flows on the surface roughness scale
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of tribology. - : ASME International. - 0742-4787 .- 1528-8897. ; 126:4, s. 703-710
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this paper is to investigate the flow in a lubricant film on the surface roughness scale and to compare the numerical solutions obtained by two different solution approaches. This is accomplished firstly by the CFD-approach (computational fluid dynamic approach) where the momentum and continuity equations are solved separately, and secondly the Reynolds equation approach, which is a combination and a simplification of the above equations. The rheology is assumed to be both Newtonian and non-Newtonian. An Eyring model is used in the non-Newtonian case. The result shows that discrepancies between the two approaches may occur, primarily due to a singularity which appears in the momentum equations when the stresses in the lubricant attain magnitudes that are common in EHL. This singularity is not represented by the Reynolds equation. If, however, the rheology is shifted to a non-Newtonian Eyring model the deviations between the two solution approaches is removed or reduced. The second source of discrepancies between the two approaches is the film thickness to wavelength scale ω. It will be shown that the Reynolds equation is valid until this ratio is approximately O(10-2).
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| 6. |
- Almqvist, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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THD analysis of tilting pad thrust bearings : comparison between theory and experiments
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of tribology. - : ASME International. - 0742-4787 .- 1528-8897. ; 122:2, s. 412-417
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the present research is to verify a THD model of hydrodynamic thrust bearings. The developed model of a pivoted pad bearing, which can tilt both radially and circumferentially, allows for three-dimensional temperature distribution in the oil film and in the pad, as well as two-dimensional temperature variation in the runner. Viscosity and density are treated as functions of both temperature and pressure. Experiments have been performed on a test rig, containing two identical equalizing pivoted pad thrust bearings. Power loss, runner temperature, and pressure profiles as a function of load and rotational speed are compared for both theoretical and experimental investigations. Fairly good agreement has been found when the oil inlet temperature and heat transfer coefficients have been estimated in order to get the same runner temperature in both theory and experiment.
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| 7. |
- Almqvist, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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The Navier-Stokes approach for thermal EHL line contact solutions
- 2002
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Ingår i: Tribology International. - 0301-679X .- 1879-2464. ; 35:3, s. 163-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The complicated nature of the EHL-problem has so far forced researchers to develop their own computer codes. These codes are ultimately based on the Reynolds equation, and if thermal EHL-simulations are required, a simultaneous solution of the equation of energy also has to be performed. To date only a few attempts to solve the full equations of momentum and continuity as well as equations of energy have been performed. However, such an approach will give extended possibilities of simulating EHL-contacts; i.e. the computational domain can be expanded and it will be possible to simulate the flow, not only in the contact but also around the contact. Another possibility is to investigate how the altering length scales of the surface roughness influence the behaviour of the flow in the contact. However, the aim of the work presented in this paper is to investigate the possibilities of using a commercial CFD-code (computational fluid dynamics code) based on the above-mentioned equations for simulating thermal EHL. The rheology is assumed to be Newtonian and the equations of momentum and continuity are then commonly referred to as the Navier-Stokes equations (N-S equations). The geometry chosen for the simulations is a smooth line contact geometry, for which the results from the simulations show that it is possible to use the N-S equations for thermal EHL for contact pressures up to approximately 0.7 GPa. The code used in this work is the commercial CFD software (CFX 4.3 user guide). There is a limitation in the N-S approach due to a singularity that can occur in the equation of momentum when the principal shear stresses in the film become too high. However, a thermal approach makes it possible to simulate EHL-contacts at higher loads compared with an isothermal approach, due to the reduction of the viscosity in the former approach. The singularity is not present in the Reynolds approach.
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| 8. |
- Anund, Anna, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Skolskjutsbarns inblandning i olyckor 1994-2001
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sammanlagt har polisen rapporterat 256 olyckor med totalt 361 skadade eller dödade barn i samband med förmodade skolskjutsresor under åren 1994–2001. Majoriteten av barnen har drabbats när de befunnit sig utanför bussen. Den vanligaste händelsen vid olyckorna är att barnen har sprungit ut bakom eller framför bussen (51 %).Ytterligare 13 procent av olyckorna har inträffat då barn har klämts eller blivit påkörda av bussen vid hållplatsen. En majoritet av olyckorna i vilka barn har skadats har således inträffat i samband med på- och avstigning.Föreliggande rapport baseras på en studie med syfte att skapa en samlad bild av orsaken till att barn skadas och dödas vid resor med skolskjuts. I befintliga olycksregister finns tyvärr ingen notering om en skolskjuts varit inblandad i inträffad olycka. Analysen har därför skett i tre steg.1. Alla personskadeolyckor med barn i åldern 0–18.2. Alla personskadeolyckor med barn 6–16 år, skoldagar klockan 600–1659 i vilka buss, taxi eller gående varit inblandade.3. Personskadeolyckor i steg 2 som bedömts vara anknutna till skolskjuts (eller skolresa med vanlig linjetrafik).
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Jacobson, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Kall och halvvarm återvinning av tjärhaltiga beläggningsmassor - påverkan på omgivningsmiljö : uppföljning av provvägar och kontrollsträckor
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I samband med vägunderhåll, förstärkning, ombyggnad och ledningsarbeten tas stora mängder asfaltbeläggningar bort från våra vägar och gator. Årligen återvinns ca 1,5-2 miljoner ton asfaltmassor till ny asfalt eller till obundna lager. Äldre asfaltbeläggningar kan innehålla stenkolstjära (vägtjära). I mer än 50 år och fram till och med 1973 användes vägtjära till bindemedel i bituminösa beläggningar. Sedan år 2002 klassas asfalt (bitumenblandningar) innehållande stenkolstjära som farligt avfall om halten av cancerogena ämnen överstiger 0,1 % i materialet. Stenkolstjära innehåller en rad ämnen som är hälso- eller miljöfarliga. I syfte att studera miljöpåverkan vid hantering, mellanlagring och återvinning av tjärhaltiga beläggningsmaterial har ett FoU-program initierats för 2001-2002. Projektet har behandlat följande områden: - Inventering, provtagning och bestämning av tjärinnehåll och PAH (polyaromatiska kolväten = Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) - Lakegenskaper - Återvinning - inkapsling genom inblandning av bindemedel - Omgivningspåverkan - Riktvärden för PAH - Rekommendationer för hantering, mellanlagring och återvinning av tjärhaltiga material Projektets primära syfte är att bedöma vilken miljöpåverkan tjärhaltiga material kan ge och om kall eller halvvarm återvinning är lämpliga metoder för återvinning av gamla beläggningsmassor innehållande stenkolstjära. Omgivningsstudierna skall hittills ses som en översiktlig kartläggning för att se om det föreligger akuta och allvarliga problem med tjärhaltiga beläggningsmaterial i äldre vägkonstruktioner eller vid återvinning, främst avseende omgivningspåverkan av PAH.
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| 11. |
- Larsson, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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A method for attenuation and scatter correction of brain SPECT based on computed tomography images
- 2003
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Ingår i: Nuclear medicine communications. - 0143-3636 .- 1473-5628. ; 24:4, s. 411-420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for attenuation and scatter correction of brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is described where computed tomography (CT) images of the brain are used for the calculation of attenuation maps. The method is evaluated for the substance 99mTc hexamethylpropylene amine oxime. A transmission dependent scatter correction is utilized and is based on ray sums calculated through the attenuation map. A method based on external markers is used to align the SPECT and CT image volumes. The markers need only to be present during the SPECT acquisition since the corresponding landmarks can be found without markers on the CT images. The mismatching has been investigated for five patients who have undergone both a CT examination and a SPECT examination with markers. Twelve individuals from the staff have pointed out the landmarks on the CT images, with an average standard deviation of 3.4 mm. Reconstructions with an attenuation map shifted the corresponding 95% confidence interval have been performed to obtain an estimation of the quantitative uncertainty caused by the mismatching, and quantitative errors of up to 6.3% have been measured. At present the method is probably most useful when groups of patients are studied.
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| 12. |
- Larsson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Mellanlagring av asfalt : delrapport 4: utlakning från vägbeläggningsmaterial innehållande stenkolstjära
- 2000
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Föreliggande studie omfattar kolonnlakning av valda organiska ämnen från ett äldre vägbeläggningsmaterial av typen tjärindränkt grusmaterial, innehållande en totalhalt för gruppen 16-PAH av 5,3 g/kg. Sammantaget visar den nu genomförda undersökningen att de utlakade medelhalterna av summa cancerogena PAH är mycket höga och avsevärt överstiger föreslagna riktvärden för dessa PAH i grundvatten vid bensinstationer inom hela det undersökta L/S-intervallet (0–2,0). Medelhalten av summa övriga PAH överstiger föreslagna riktvärden i grundvatten vid bensinstationer i L/S-intervallet upp till cirka L/S 0,8, varefter denna halt minskar till under nämnda riktvärde i L/S-intervallet cirka 0,8–2,0. Generellt erhölls mycket större ackumulerade utlakade mängder av både summa cancerogena PAH och summa övriga PAH från det nu undersökta tjärinnehållande beläggningsmaterialet än från tidigare undersökta beläggningsmaterial. Vidare uppvisar de tre första (upp till ca L/S 0,8) av de fyra analyserade lakvattnen mycket hög akuttoxicitet om vattnen jämförs med grundvatten och mycket stor påverkan av punktkälla om de likställs med ytvatten. De högsta medelhalter som lakades ut av acetofenon låg i samma storleksnivå som tidigare maximalt har analyserats i lakvatten från beläggningsmaterial, men låg ändå under ett tidigare angivet utländskt gränsvärde i ytfiskevatten. Utlakade medelhalter av EGOM kan anses vara låga och förelåg i den under delen av det intervall som uppvisats från tidigare lakade beläggningsmaterial. Bensen, toluen, etylbensen, xylen och fenol låg alla under respektive detektionsgräns.
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| 13. |
- Larsson, Torbjörn, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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A column generation procedure for the side constrained traffic equilibrium problem
- 2004
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part B. - : Elsevier. - 0191-2615 .- 1879-2367. ; 38:1, s. 17-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a column generation procedure for the side constrained traffic equilibrium problem. A dual stabilization scheme is introduced to improve the computational performance. Computational experiments for the case of linear side constraints are presented. The test problems are well known traffic equilibrium instances where side constraints of link flow capacity type and general linear side constraints are added. The computational results are promising especially for instances with a relatively small number of side constraints.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Larsson, Torbjörn, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Inverse nonlinear multicommodity flow optimization by column generation
- 2003
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Ingår i: Optimization Methods and Software. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1055-6788 .- 1029-4937. ; 18:5, s. 601-613
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a solution algorithm for an inverse nonlinear multicommodity network flow problem. This problem is to find link cost adjustments that make a given target link flow solution optimal in a nonlinear multicommodity network flow problem, and that are optimal with respect to a specified objective. The solution procedure uses column generation. We present computational results for instances where the nonlinear multicommodity network flow problems are small and medium scale traffic equilibrium problems, and where system optimal link flows are targeted. The computational results show that the solution procedure is a viable approach for solving medium-scale instances of the inverse traffic equilibrium problem.
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| 18. |
- Larsson, Torbjörn, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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On the convergence of conditional e-subgradient methods for convex programs and convex-concave saddle-point problems
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Operational Research. - 0377-2217 .- 1872-6860. ; 151:3, s. 461-473
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper provides two contributions. First, we present new convergence results for conditional e-subgradient algorithms for general convex programs. The results obtained here extend the classical ones by Polyak [Sov. Math. Doklady 8 (1967) 593, USSR Comput. Math. Math. Phys. 9 (1969) 14, Introduction to Optimization, Optimization Software, New York, 1987] as well as the recent ones in [Math. Program. 62 (1993) 261, Eur. J. Oper. Res. 88 (1996) 382, Math. Program. 81 (1998) 23] to a broader framework. Secondly, we establish the application of this technique to solve non-strictly convex-concave saddle point problems, such as primal-dual formulations of linear programs. Contrary to several previous solution algorithms for such problems, a saddle-point is generated by a very simple scheme in which one component is constructed by means of a conditional e-subgradient algorithm, while the other is constructed by means of a weighted average of the (inexact) subproblem solutions generated within the subgradient method. The convergence result extends those of [Minimization Methods for Non-Differentiable Functions, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1985, Oper. Res. Lett. 19 (1996) 105, Math. Program. 86 (1999) 283] for Lagrangian saddle-point problems in linear and convex programming, and of [Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng. 40 (1997) 1295] for a linear-quadratic saddle-point problem arising in topology optimization in contact mechanics.
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| 19. |
- Larsson, Torbjörn
(författare)
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Sweden
- 2002
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Ingår i: Distributed public governance. - Paris : OECD Publishing. - 926419892X ; , s. 181-207
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Nord, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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The C-terminus of dUTPase: observation on flexibility using NMR
- 2001
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Ingår i: FEBS Letters. - 1873-3468. ; 492:3, s. 228-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dynamics of the C-terminus of the dUTPases from Escherichia coli and equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) were studied by 1H-15N nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The two enzymes differ with regard to flexibility in the backbone of the 15 most C-terminal amino acid residues, some of which are conserved and essential for enzymic activity. In the bacterial enzyme, the residues closest to the C-terminus are highly flexible and display a correlation time in the nanosecond time range. No similar high flexibility could be detected for the C-terminal part of EIAV dUTPase, indicating a different time range of flexibility.
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| 25. |
- Nordin, M., et al.
(författare)
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Residual stress formation in multilayered TiN/TaNx coatings during reactive magnetron sputter deposition
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. A. Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films. - : American Vacuum Society. - 0734-2101 .- 1520-8559. ; 18:6, s. 2884-2889
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multilayered physical vapor deposited TiN/TaNx coatings were deposited on cemented carbide substrates using a dual target magnetron sputtering system. The coatings were investigated with respect to the influence of nitrogen partial pressure during deposition on the residual stress developed in the coatings. Furthermore, the fracture strength of the material, i.e., the magnitude of the tensile stress that the coating can support without cracking, was evaluated. It was found that, by increasing the nitrogen partial pressure, it is possible to change the stress from compressive to tensile. The highest tensile stress was about 3.6 GPa. Despite this high stress, the coating displayed no cracking. This implies that it is possible to grow TiN/TaNx multilayered coatings with high tensile fracture strength using dual magnetron sputtering and a high deposition temperature (about 680 °C).
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Sahlin, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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2D CFD-analysis of micro-patterned surfaces in hydrodynamic lubrication
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the ASME/STLE international joint tribology conference 2004. - New York. ; , s. 1637-1645, s. 1637-1645
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results of a numerical study of the influence of micro-patterned surfaces in hydrodynamic lubrication of two parallel walls are reported. Two types of parameterized grooves with the same order of depth as the film thickness are used on one stationary wall. The other wall is smooth and is sliding with a specified tangential velocity. Isothermal incompressible two dimensional full film fluid flow mechanics is solved using a Computational Fluid Dynamics method. It is shown that, by introducing a micro-pattern on one of two parallel walls, a net pressure rise in the fluid domain is achieved. This produces a load carrying capacity on the walls which is mainly contributed by fluid inertia. The load carrying capacity increases with Reynolds number. The load carrying capacity is reported to increase with groove width and depth. However, at a certain depth a vortex appears in the groove and near this value the maximum load carrying capacity is achieved. It is shown that the friction force decreases with deeper and wider grooves. Among all geometries studied, optimum geometry shapes in terms of hydrodynamic performance are reported.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Whiss, Per A., 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Acute Effects of Nicotine Infusion on Platelets in Nicotine Users with Normal and Impaired Renal Function
- 2000
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Ingår i: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0041-008X .- 1096-0333. ; 163:2, s. 95-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of platelets in cardiovascular disease associated with smoking is becoming more established, but the effects of nicotine on platelets are unclear. Nicotine therapy is used for smoking cessation in both health and disease. Consequently, the effects of nicotine on platelets are of particular significance in disorders such as renal disease, which is associated with defective platelet function, increased cardiovascular morbidity, and altered nicotine metabolism. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the acute effects of nicotine infusion (NI) on platelets in seven healthy subjects (HS) and seven patients with renal failure (RF). All subjects were nicotine users and had refrained from using nicotine for 36 h before NI. Blood was collected before, immediately after, and 2 h after NI. The plasma concentrations of nicotine and its main metabolite cotinine were determined by gas chromatography. Platelet responsiveness was assessed by aggregometry and flow cytometry in whole blood (P-selectin surface expression, fibrinogen- and von Willebrand factor-binding), P-selectin expression in isolated platelets, and immunoassays of platelet release (β-thromboglobulin, platelet factor 4, and soluble P-selectin) and nitric oxide (NO) products. The plasma levels of cotinine, but not nicotine, were significantly higher in RF compared to HS at all time points. In both groups, collagen-induced platelet aggregation was restrained immediately after NI, when the plasma concentration of nicotine was maximal, and was restored after 2 h. Two hours after NI, activation-dependent P-selectin surface expression in isolated platelets increased in both groups. This increased platelet responsiveness occurred simultaneously with a significant increase of plasma cotinine and a decrease of NO products. Thus, the present study suggests that nicotine, directly or through some secondary mechanism or metabolite, only slightly potentiates some of the platelet responses. Renal failure appears not to influence the effects of nicotine on platelets.
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| 35. |
- Whiss, Per A, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of plasma levels of cytokines and in vitro generation of reactive oxygen species after nicotine infusion in nicotine users with normal and impaired renal function
- 2003
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Ingår i: Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology. - 0892-3973 .- 1532-2513. ; 25:2, s. 131-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several in vitro and animal studies suggest effects of nicotine on the immune system, but little evidence exists regarding the in vivo immunomodulation of nicotine in humans. The increased use of nicotine replacement therapy to aid smoking cessation claims further understanding of how nicotine affects blood leukocytes. This is of particular importance when nicotine therapy is used in diseases associated with alterations of the immune system, such as chronic renal failure. The present study evaluates the acute effects of nicotine infusion (NI) on some immunoregulatory functions in seven healthy subjects and seven patients with renal failure. All subjects were nicotine users and had refrained from using nicotine for 36h before NI. Blood was collected before, immediately after, and 2h after NI. Plasma concentrations of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and the cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-10, interferon-? and RANTES were measured using specific immunoassays. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), Ristocetin, adenosine 5'-diphosphate, or collagen was registered in whole blood as luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Except for fMLP, these compounds induce leukocyte ROS generation by platelet mediated mechanisms. NI did not significantly affect the levels of the cytokines and ICAM-1 in any group. The peak and the persistent ROS production, induced by collagen and Ristocetin, was lower at some time points in patients with renal failure as compared to healthy subjects. Also in patients with renal failure, both peak height and persistent ROS generation induced by Ristocetin were reduced immediately after NI. Thus, nicotine inhibits some of the platelet-mediated activation of leukocyte ROS generation, and may be associated with platelet defects in renal failure.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Wockelberg, Helena, 1970-
(författare)
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Den svenska förvaltningsmodellen : Parlamentarisk debatt om förvaltningens roll i styrelseskicket
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the thesis is to describe and critically examine the parliamentary debate on the role of administrative agencies in Sweden during the period 1975–2000. What views on delegation, administrative discretion and steering tools are advocated by the Swedish political parties? Which is the proper role of administrative agencies in a democracy? The author suggests that agencies might be perceived as obedient tools or as counter powers. The categories can be related to a list of legitimate demands on agencies, such as the demands of the people, the politicians and the law. The Swedish model of administration, formally prescribing “autonomous agencies”, gives an theoretically interesting edge to the fundamental problem of combining political sovereignty with administrative discretion.The Swedish political parties perceive administrative autonomy to be a practical solution to a practical problem, rather than a question of power distribution. The overall conclusion must be that Swedish parties want agencies to obey rather than to obstruct. But the manifest idea of obedience is somewhat blurred when we consider the parties’ views on control mechanisms more generally. Since the hierarchy of different steering tools is not outlined in any detail, the risk of confusion is evident. Further, despite the fact that rhetoric of non-reform has dominated the Swedish parliament over time, the Swedish model of administration may not be as stable as it would appear. Rather than initiating bold reforms, the parties may opt for incremental change by adjusting the interpretation of the model, including some of its core principles.
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