| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Larsson, Ingbeth, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
-
Differences and similarities in sexual behaviour among pre-schoolers in Sweden and USA
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 54:4, s. 251-257
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies of childhood sexual behaviour in a cross-cultural perspective are important in that they increase our knowledge of normative behaviour in general and enhance our understanding of cultural influences on child sexual development. Two studies, one from Sweden (n=185) and one from Minnesota, USA (n=467) of 3-6 year old children, were assessed with a 25-item scale derived from the Child Sexual Behaviour Inventory. Both studies were screened for the absence of sexual abuse. The Swedish parents completed the questionnaire about their child's behaviour at home and the US parents typically completed the questionnaire in the waiting room of a paediatric clinic. Pre-school children in Sweden exhibited more sexual behaviour than American children of the same age according to parental reports. These differences were most pronounced in boys. In both studies exhibitionistic or voyeuristic behaviour and touching behaviour was most frequent. Both intrusive and sexually explicit behaviour was very unusual. The results reflect how cultural context influences which behaviour is permitted in young children, and consequently what adults think constitutes normal and problematic childhood sexual behaviour.
|
|
| 3. |
- Larsson, William, et al.
(författare)
-
Efficiency of methods for Karl Fischer determination of water in oils based on oven evaporation and azeotropic distillation
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 75:6, s. 1227-32
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The efficiency of azeotropic distillation and oven evaporation techniques for trace determination of water in oils has recently been questioned by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), on the basis of measurements of the residual water found after the extraction step. The results were obtained by volumetric Karl Fischer (KF) titration in a medium containing a large excess of chloroform (> or = 65%), a proposed prerequisite to ensure complete release of water from the oil matrix. In this work, the extent of this residual water was studied by means of a direct zero-current potentiometric technique using a KF medium containing more than 80% chloroform, which is well above the concentration recommended by NIST. A procedure is described that makes it possible to correct the results for dilution errors as well as for chemical interference effects caused by the oil matrix. The corrected values were found to be in the range of 0.6-1.5 ppm, which should be compared with the 12-34 ppm (uncorrected values) reported by NIST for the same oils. From this, it is concluded that the volumetric KF method used by NIST gives results that are much too high.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Wennberg, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of immunosuppressive treatment on host responses against intracerebral porcine neural tissue xenografts in rats
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Transplantation. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0041-1337. ; 71:12, s. 806-1797
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Embryonic xenogeneic neural tissue is an alternative for transplantation in Parkinson's disease, but immune responses limit the application. The aims of this study were to enhance the in vitro viability rates by donor tissue pretreatment; to compare the efficacy of cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK) in inhibiting xenograft rejection in rats; to evaluate additional inductive therapy with prednisolone (PRE) or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF).METHODS: Tirilazad (a lipid peroxidase inhibitor) or FK and acYVAD-cmk (a caspase inhibitor), were added to embryonic porcine ventral mesencephalic tissue and viability was assessed in vitro. Tirilazad-treated tissue was grafted to the striatum of rats that were either left untreated or immunosuppressed with FK (1 mg/kg) or CsA (15 mg/kg) alone or in combination with a 2-week PRE (20 mg/kg) or MMF (40 mg/kg) induction course. Xenograft survival and host responses were determined using immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Pretreatment with tirilazad enhanced tissue survival in vitro. After transplantation into untreated controls, there was no graft survival at twelve weeks. Neural cell counts were significantly improved in immunosuppressed recipients, but there were no differences between the treatment groups. Additional inductive treatment reduced the infiltration with CD4+ and CD8+ cells, and macrophage infiltration was reduced compared with animals given CsA or FK alone.CONCLUSION: Pretreatment of the donor tissue with free-radical scavengers reduces cell loss caused by tissue trauma. Porcine neural tissue xenografts survive significantly better in animals immunosuppressed with either FK or CsA. Additional inductive treatment with PRE or MMF reduced the infiltration of host cells into the xenografts.
|
|
