| 1. |
- Backlund, Per, 1964-, et al.
(author)
-
Enhancing Immersion with Contextualized Scenarios: Role-Playing in Prehospital Care Training
- 2015
-
In: 2015 7th International Conference on Games and Virtual Worlds for Serious Applications (VS-Games). - Skövde : IEEE Computer Society. ; , s. 167-170
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper reports on a field experiment with 12 paramedic teams (n=24) exploring how they perceive a novel training approach. The feeling of being engaged in training (i.e. being immersed) is often held forward as a major benefit of roleplaying exercises. Engagement is expected to raise the quality of training as well as improving learning and retention. However, much simulation-based training in prehospital care is decontextualized, meaning that medical care is trained without taking other characteristics of prehospital care into account. In this paper we investigate how a richer setting (contextualization), which includes more of the complicating aspects of prehospital care, affects the perceived immersion of the participants. The results show that contextualization has a significant positive impact on perceived immersion. These results are important for further studies on how to organize and design role-playing exercises.
|
|
| 2. |
- Backlund, Per, 1964-, et al.
(author)
-
The S.A.R.E.K Simulation Environment : Technical description of a flexible training environment for prehospital care
- 2017
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This report contains a technical description of the result of the S.A.R.E.K (Simulation – Ambulance – Research – Education - Kinship) collaboration project and the Sim2020 project. The projects are collaborations between researchers in healthcare and IT, and prehospital care practitioners, with the aim to design, develop and test a contextualized simulation environment for prehospital care. We built a simulation environment representing the full depth and width of a prehospital care process. Breadth refers to including all phases of a prehospital mission, from dispatch to handover; while depth refers to detailed representations and recreation of artefacts, information and context for each of these phases. This report outlines the details of the overall design, all equipment and practical solutions used to create this. Apart from the installation which is described in this report we have also developed methods and carried out a variety of tests and experiments which are reported elsewhere. The focus of this report is the system and its components.
|
|
| 3. |
- Engström, Henrik, 1968-, et al.
(author)
-
The impact of contextualization on immersion in healthcare simulation
- 2016
-
In: Advances in Simulation. - : BioMed Central. - 2059-0628. ; 1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundThe aim of this paper is to explore how contextualization of a healthcare simulation scenarios impacts immersion, by using a novel objective instrument, the Immersion Score Rating Instrument. This instrument consists of 10 triggers that indicate reduced or enhanced immersion among participants in a simulation scenario. Triggers refer to events such as jumps in time or space (sign of reduced immersion) and natural interaction with the manikin (sign of enhanced immersion) and can be used to calculate an immersion score.MethodsAn experiment using a randomized controlled crossover design was conducted to compare immersion between two simulation training conditions for prehospital care: one basic and one contextualized. The Immersion Score Rating Instrument was used to compare the total immersion score for the whole scenario, the immersion score for individual mission phases, and to analyze differences in trigger occurrences. A paired t test was used to test for significance.ResultsThe comparison shows that the overall immersion score for the simulation was higher in the contextualized condition. The average immersion score was 2.17 (sd = 1.67) in the contextualized condition and −0.77 (sd = 2.01) in the basic condition (p < .001). The immersion score was significantly higher in the contextualized condition in five out of six mission phases. Events that might be disruptive for the simulation participants’ immersion, such as interventions of the instructor and illogical jumps in time or space, are present to a higher degree in the basic scenario condition; while events that signal enhanced immersion, such as natural interaction with the manikin, are more frequently observed in the contextualized condition.ConclusionsThe results suggest that contextualization of simulation training with respect to increased equipment and environmental fidelity as well as functional task alignment might affect immersion positively and thus contribute to an improved training experience.
|
|
| 4. |
- Heldal, Ilona, et al.
(author)
-
Connecting the links : Narratives, simulations and serious games in prehospital training.
- 2017
-
In: Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. - 0926-9630 .- 1879-8365. ; 235, s. 343-347
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Due to rapid and substantial changes in the health sector, collaboration and supporting technologies get more into focus. Changes in education and training are also required. Simulations and serious games (SSG) are often advocated as promising technologies supporting training of many and in the same manner, or increasing the skills necessary to deal with new, dangerous, complex or unexpected situations. The aim of this paper is to illustrate and discuss resources needed for planning and performing collaborative contextual training scenarios. Based on a practical study involving prehospital nurses and different simulator technologies the often-recurring activity chains in prehospital training were trained. This paper exemplifies the benefit of using narratives and SSGs for contextual training contributing to higher user experiences. The benefits of using simulation technologies aligned by processes can be easier defined by narratives from practitioners. While processes help to define more efficient and effective training, narratives and SSGs are beneficial to design scenarios with clues for higher user experiences. By discussing illustrative examples, the paper contributes to better understanding of how to plan simulation-technology rich training scenarios.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Alvarez Díaz, María Guadalupe, 1965-, et al.
(author)
-
Your Answer Will Make an Impression : Using Quiz Game Mechanics for the Collection of Visitor Data in a Museum
- 2015
-
In: VS-Games 2015. - Skövde : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781479981021 - 9781479981014 ; , s. 1-4
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents the initial results from a project that aimed to collect visitor data at a traveling exhibition starting at the Regional Museum in Kristianstad, Sweden during 2014-2016. The project was intended also to contribute to the creation of an atmosphere “About time”, which was the subject of the exhibit. We built a system that was integrated as an interactable part of the exhibition by using elements of quiz game mechanics in combination with elements of data based tracking applications and elements of visual art installations. The data provides statistics which are used to visualize the current status of the visitors’ attitude toward specific questions about time, imprinting the visitors themselves an integral part of the exhibition. Visitors build a visual Game Ego when answering questions and at the same time provided statistical data that can be monitored and extracted from the system. The results show that we succeeded to some degree but more can be done towards incorporating game design elements to engage the user, such as feedback and challenge.
|
|
| 7. |
- Andersson Hagiwara, Magnus, et al.
(author)
-
Measuring participants’ immersion in healthcare simulation : the development of an instrument
- 2016
-
In: Advances in Simulation. - : BioMed Central. - 2059-0628. ; 2016:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundImmersion is important for simulation-based education; however, questionnaire-based instruments to measure immersion have some limitations. The aim of the present work is to develop a new instrument to measure immersion among participants in healthcare simulation scenarios.MethodsThe instrument was developed in four phases: trigger identification, content validity scores, inter-rater reliability analysis and comparison with an existing immersion measure instrument. A modified Delphi process was used to develop the instrument and to establish validity and reliability. The expert panel consisted of 10 researchers. All the researchers in the team had previous experience of simulation in the health and/or fire and rescue services as researchers and/or educators and simulation designers. To identify triggers, the panel members independently screened video recordings from simulation scenarios. Here, a trigger is an event in a simulation that is considered a sign of reduced or enhanced immersion among simulation participants.ResultsThe result consists of the Immersion Score Rating Instrument (ISRI). It contains 10 triggers, of which seven indicate reduced and three enhanced immersion. When using ISRI, a rater identifies trigger occurrences and assigns them strength between 1 and 3. The content validity analysis shows that all the 10 triggers meet an acceptable content validity index for items (I-CVI) standard. The inter-rater reliability (IRR) among raters was assessed using a two-way mixed, consistency, average-measures intra-class correlation (ICC). The ICC for the difference between weighted positive and negative triggers was 0.92, which indicates that the raters are in agreement. Comparison with results from an immersion questionnaire mirrors the ISRI results.ConclusionsIn conclusion, we present a novel and non-intrusive instrument for identifying and rating the level of immersion among participants in healthcare simulation scenarios.
|
|
| 8. |
- Backlund, Per, 1964-, et al.
(author)
-
Breaking Out of the Bubble Putting Simulation Into Context to Increase Immersion and Performance
- 2018
-
In: Journal Simulation & Gaming. - : Sage Publications. - 1046-8781 .- 1552-826X. ; 49:6, s. 642-660
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective. Simulation based training with full-size mannequins is a prominent means of training within the healthcare sector. Prehospital missions include all parts of the healthcare process which take place before a patient is handed over to the receiving hospital. This implies that the context for prehospital care is varied and potentially challenging or dangerous in several ways. In this article we present a study which explores immersion and performance by emergency medical services (EMS) professionals in in a training situation which takes the specifics of prehospital interventions into account.Methods. The study was carried out as a field experiment at an ambulance unit. The experiment was designed to compare the differences between two types of medical scenarios: basic and contextualized. We analyzed the levels of immersion throughout the scenarios and then team performance was evaluated by independent experts. Both analyses were made by observing video recordings from multiple camera angles with a custom made analysis tool.Results. Our results show that the contextualization of a medical scenario increases both immersion as measured by the Immersion Score Rating Instrument (ISRI) and team performance as measured by the Global Rating Scale (GRS). The overall ISRI score was higher in the contextualized condition as compared to the basic condition, with an average team wise difference of 2.94 (sd = 1.45). This difference is significant using a paired, two-tailed t-test (p<.001). The GRS score was higher for overall clinical performance in the contextualized scenario with an average team wise difference of 0.83 (sd = 0.83, p=.005).Conclusions. Full-size mannequin simulation based training for EMS professionals may be enhanced by contextualizing the medical scenarios. The main benefits are that the contextualized scenarios better take prehospital medical challenges into account and allow participants to perform better.
|
|
| 9. |
- Riveiro, Maria, et al.
(author)
-
Anomaly Detection for Road Traffic : A Visual Analytics Framework
- 2017
-
In: IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems (Print). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. - 1524-9050 .- 1558-0016. ; 18:8, s. 2260-2270
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The analysis of large amounts of multidimensional road traffic data for anomaly detection is a complex task. Visual analytics can bridge the gap between computational and human approaches to detecting anomalous behavior in road traffic, making the data analysis process more transparent. In this paper, we present a visual analytics framework that provides support for: 1) the exploration of multidimensional road traffic data; 2) the analysis of normal behavioral models built from data; 3) the detection of anomalous events; and 4) the explanation of anomalous events. We illustrate the use of this framework with examples from a large database of real road traffic data collected from several areas in Europe. Finally, we report on feedback provided by expert analysts from Volvo Group Trucks Technology, regarding its design and usability.
|
|
| 10. |
- Riveiro, Maria, 1978-, et al.
(author)
-
Enhanced Training through Interactive Visualization of Training Objectives and Models
- 2016
-
In: Proceedings of the STO-MP-MSG-143, Ready for the Predictable, Prepared for the Unexpected. - : NATO Science & Technology Organization (STO). - 9789283720607
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Military forces operate in complex and dynamic environments [1] where bad decisions might have fatal consequences. A key ability of the commander, team and individual warfighter is to quickly adapt to novel situations. Live, Virtual and Constructive training environments all provide elements of best practices for this type of training. However, many of the virtual training are designed without thorough consideration of the effectiveness and efficiency of embedded instructional strategies [2], and without considering the cognitive capabilities and limitations of trainees. As highlighted recently by Stacy and Freeman [3], large military training exercises require a significant commitment of resources, and to net a return on that investment, training scenarios for these events should systematically address well-specified training objectives, even if they often, do not.In order to overcome these shortcomings with both Live and Virtual training systems and following our previous work [4,5,6], this paper presents a design solution for a proof-of-concept prototype that visualizes and manages training objectives and performance measures, at individual and collective levels. To illustrate its functionality we use real-world data from Live training exercises. Finally, this paper discusses how to learn from previous training experiences using data mining methods in order to build training models to provide instructional personalized feedback to trainees.
|
|
| 11. |
- Riveiro, Maria, 1978-, et al.
(author)
-
Interactive visualization of large-scale gene expression data
- 2016
-
In: Information Visualisation. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781467389426 - 9781467389433 ; , s. 348-354
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article, we present an interactive prototype that aids the interpretation of large-scale gene expression data, showing how visualization techniques can be applied to support knowledge extraction from large datasets. The developed prototype was evaluated on a dataset of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. The visualization approach presented here supports the analyst in finding genes with high similarity or dissimilarity across different experimental groups. By using an external overview in combination with filter windows, and various color scales for showing the degree of similarity, our interactive visual prototype is able to intuitively guide the exploration processes over the large amount of gene expression data.
|
|
| 12. |
- Thill, Serge, et al.
(author)
-
Driver adherence to recommendations from support systems improves if the systems explain why they are given : A simulator study
- 2018
-
In: Transportation Research Part F. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-8478 .- 1873-5517. ; 56, s. 420-435
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a large-scale simulator study on driver adherence to recommendations given by driver support systems, specifically eco-driving support and navigation support. 123 participants took part in this study, and drove a vehicle simulator through a pre-defined environment for a duration of approximately 10 min. Depending on the experimental condition, participants were either given no eco-driving recommendations, or a system whose provided support was either basic (recommendations were given in the form of an icon displayed in a manner that simulates a heads-up display) or informative (the system additionally displayed a line of text justifying its recommendations). A navigation system that likewise provided either basic or informative support, depending on the condition, was also provided. Effects are measured in terms of estimated simulated fuel savings as well as engine braking/coasting behaviour and gear change efficiency. Results indicate improvements in all variables. In particular, participants who had the support of an eco-driving system spent a significantly higher proportion of the time coasting. Participants also changed gears at lower engine RPM when using an eco-driving support system, and significantly more so when the system provided justifications. Overall, the results support the notion that providing reasons why a support system puts forward a certain recommendation improves adherence to it over mere presentation of the recommendation. Finally, results indicate that participants’ driving style was less eco-friendly if the navigation system provided justifications but the eco-system did not. This may be due to participants considering the two systems as one whole rather than separate entities with individual merits. This has implications for how to design and evaluate a given driver support system since its effectiveness may depend on the performance of other systems in the vehicle.
|
|
