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| 2. |
- Gunnbjornsdottir, M. I., et al.
(författare)
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Obesity and nocturnal gastro-oesophageal reflux are related to onset of asthma and respiratory symptoms
- 2004
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Ingår i: Eur Respir J. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies have identified obesity as a risk factor for asthma in both children and adults. An increased prevalence of asthma in subjects with gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome has also been reported. The aim of this investigation was to study obesity, nocturnal GOR and snoring as independent risk factors for onset of asthma and respiratory symptoms in a Nordic population. In a 5-10 yr follow-up study of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey in Iceland, Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Estonia, a postal questionnaire was sent to previous respondents. A total of 16,191 participants responded to the questionnaire. Reported onset of asthma, wheeze and night-time symptoms as well as nocturnal GOR and habitual snoring increased in prevalence along with the increase in body mass index (BMI). After adjusting for nocturnal GOR, habitual snoring and other confounders, obesity (BMI >30) remained significantly related to the onset of asthma, wheeze and night-time symptoms. Nocturnal GOR was independently related to the onset of asthma and in addition, both nocturnal GOR and habitual snoring were independently related to onset of wheeze and night-time symptoms. This study adds evidence to an independent relationship between obesity, nocturnal gastro-oesophageal reflux and habitual snoring and the onset of asthma and respiratory symptoms in adults.
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| 3. |
- Ekblad, S., et al.
(författare)
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Disturbances in postural balance are common in postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms
- 2000
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Ingår i: Climacteric. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-7137 .- 1473-0804. ; 3:3, s. 192-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To establish the prevalence of unsteadiness and rotatory vertigo in peri- and postmenopausal women, and whether balance disturbances are more common in women with vasomotor symptoms and without hormone replacement therapy (HRT). METHOD: A validated questionnaire was sent to all 1523 women aged 54 or 55 years in Linköping, Sweden. RESULTS: Daily or weekly unsteadiness was reported by 5%, and daily or weekly rotatory vertigo by 4% of all women. The frequency of vasomotor symptoms correlated with reported unsteadiness (rs = 0.23, p < 0.001). Fourteen per cent of women with daily vasomotor symptoms reported weekly or daily unsteadiness, compared with 3% of those without vasomotor symptoms (odds ratio (OR) 7.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.72-15.45). The frequency of vasomotor symptoms correlated with rotatory vertigo (rs = 0.19, p < 0.001). Ten per cent of women with daily vasomotor symptoms reported weekly or daily rotatory vertigo, compared with 2% of women without vasomotor symptoms (OR 5.21, 95% CI 1.07-25.52). No correlation was seen between vasomotor symptoms and falls. Users of HRT had the same prevalence of balance disturbances as non-users. CONCLUSIONS: Women with frequent vasomotor symptoms seem to run a greater risk of unsteadiness and rotatory vertigo than do women without symptoms. This association may not be explained by means of a cross-sectional study, but there might exist a causal connection between vasomotor symptoms and balance disturbances.
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- Kogler, A., et al.
(författare)
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Postural stability using different neck positions in normal subjects and patients with neck trauma
- 2000
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 120:2, s. 151-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Subjects with neck problems, such as whiplash injuries, often complain of disturbed equilibrium and, in some instances, provocation of the neck position can elicit such problems. The importance of neck proprioceptors for maintaining balance is gaining increased interest, moreover the function or malfunction of the otoliths may disturb equilibrium in certain head positions. The aim of the study was to create a reference material for postural control and its dependence on head position in healthy subjects and to compare this with a set of patients with known neck problems and associated vertiginous problems. A total of 32 healthy subjects (16 men, 16 women, age range 21-58 years) as well as 10 patients age range 27-62 years (mean 44 years) with neck problems and associated balance problems since a whiplash injury were tested for postural control using the EquiTest dynamic posturographic model. The normal subjects were initially split into four age groups in order to estimate the effects of age on performance. The postural stability was evaluated for dependence of support surface conditions (stable or sway-referenced), visual input (eyes open or closed) and head position (neutral, left rotated, right rotated, extended backwards or flexed forward) using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's post hoc test in case of a significant factor effect. As expected, visual cues as well as stable support surface improve postural stability (p < 0.001). Postural stability is statistically different in the head extended backwards condition compared with the other four head positions (p < 0.001 in all cases) in both patients and controls. Eliminating this test condition from the analysis, only a slight (p < 0.05) difference between head forwards and head turned left remained. This pattern of results remained if the normal subjects were only split into two age groups instead of four. Finally, the patient group exhibited significantly lower postural performance than all the groups of normal subjects (p < 0.01), but none of the normal groups differed significantly from each other. It is concluded that the postural control system is significantly challenged in the head extended backwards condition in both normal subjects and patients with previous whiplash injury and persistent neck problems. The patient group differed statistically from all groups of normal subjects. This suggests that neck problems impair postural control, and that the head extended position is a more challenging task for the postural system to adapt to. Whether this is due to utricular malpositioning, central integrative functions or cervical proprioceptive afferents is not within the scope of this study to answer. ⌐ 2000 Taylor & Francis.
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| 6. |
- Ledin, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Yrsel och balansrubbningar
- 2004
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Ingår i: FYSS för alla. - Stockholm : Yrkesföreningar för fysisk aktivitet. - 9185574511
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Yrsel är vanligt förekommande och förekomsten ökar med stigande ålder. Nedsatt, förlorad eller störd funktion i en eller flera av balanssystemets delar kan orsakas av åldrande samt av många olika sjukdomar och skador och leda till störd balansfunktion och rörelseillusioner (yrsel). Diagnostiken består av bl.a. anamnestagning, tester av vestibulär funktion, lägestester och bedömning av den posturala kontrollen. Vi diskuterar i denna framställning några yrseltillstånd där rörelseträning är betydelsefull för största möjliga tillfrisknande. Akut perifert vestibulärt bortfall av ena sidans balansnervsfunktion ger akut insättande kraftig yrsel och balansrubbning. Tillfrisknandet kan påskyndas genom stimulering av central kompensation med ögonrörelser, huvudrörelser och balansövningar av successivt ökad intensitet. Vid BPPV (godartad lägesyrsel) har otoliter lossnat och förflyttats från hinnsäck till båggång vilket ger yrsel vid huvudrörelser och kroppslägesändringar. Vid BPPV används två olika behandlingsprinciper; habitueringsträning och manöverbehandling. Skador i det centrala nervsystemet och åldersrelaterade förändringar av balanssystemets funktion kan också leda till yrsel och balansrubbningar. Yrsel och balanssvårigheter hos äldre är en riskfaktor för fall och frakturer. Vid skador på centrala nervsystemet och vid åldersrelaterad yrsel syftar träningen till förbättrad balans, koordination och styrka, minskad rörelserädsla och ökad aktivitetsgrad.
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