| 1. |
- Arshad, Wajiha, et al.
(författare)
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A rare case of retropharyngeal liposarcoma : a rare location of a rare diagnosis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Surgical Case Reports. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2042-8812. ; 2023:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report a case of retropharyngeal liposarcoma in a 53-year-old female, who had complaints of neck swelling accompanied with dysphagia, orthopnea and dysphonia. Clinical examination revealed huge multinodular swelling in front of neck with bilateral extension, more prominent on left side and moving with deglutition. The diagnosis of retropharyngeal liposarcoma was established following CT scan, MRI and incisional biopsy. Surgical excision of mass along with near total thyroidectomy was performed. Postoperative hospital stay was uneventful. She remained well in follow-up period of 1 year as well. In conclusion, retropharyngeal liposarcoma is a rare tumor. A review of the literature explores the reasons behind the late presentation as well as the difficulties in diagnosis and treatment of this rare tumor.
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| 2. |
- Arshad, W., et al.
(författare)
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Rare case of mixed epithelial and stromal tumor (MEST) of the kidney and its diagnostic and therapeutic approach : A case report
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2210-2612. ; 102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction and importance: Mix epithelial and stromal tumor (MEST) is a benign biphasic renal lesion composed of solid as well as cystic components lining tubular and cystic spaces of kidney. There are very few cases of such variety have been reported with perspective to renal involvement. Herein we have reported a rare case of MEST involving left renal tissue and sparing surrounding tissues. Case presentation: A 20 years old female presented to surgical outpatient department with complaint of amenorrhea and left flank pain as well as heaviness for 1 year. Patient was vitally stable and cooperative. On physical examination left flank mass was palpated and ultrasound and CT scan imaging was also showing left renal mass confined to upper, middle and lower portion of the kidney while renal capsule, adrenal gland and ureter were spared. On histological examination showed multi-cystic structures with variably sized simple cysts lined by hobnailed epithelium with clear cells. Septa show ovarian type fibrous stroma with variable inflammation and immature nephrogenic elements. A final diagnosis of MEST was made. Therefore, radical nephrectomy with trans-peritoneal approach was done. Clinical discussion: MEST is a benign tumor of renal tissue that is confined to the renal parenchyma rather than involvement of surrounding structures as occurred in our case. Due to benign nature of the disease involvement of renal capsule and adrenal gland is less likely. The choice of treatment is radical nephrectomy through transperitoneal approach. Conclusion: MEST is a rare diagnosis thought case now start reporting since last decade, however, it's still a rare entity to be reported. USG and CT scan are investigating modalities along with histopathological correlation to reach the diagnosis.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bali, A. O., et al.
(författare)
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Public engagement in government officials' posts on social media during coronavirus lockdown
- 2023
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Social media has been a common platform to disseminate health information by government officials during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known about the determinants of public engagement in officials' posts on social media, especially during lockdown. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate how the public engages in officials' posts about COVID-19 on social media and to identify factors influencing the levels of engagement. METHODS: A total of 511 adults aged 18 or over completed an online questionnaire during lockdown in Iraq. Levels of engagement in officials' posts on social media, trust in officials and compliance of government instructions were assessed. RESULTS: Fear of COVID-19 and trust in officials were positively associated with compliance of government instructions. Trust in officials was also associated with active engagement in officials' posts on social media, including commenting, posting and sharing of the posts. CONCLUSIONS: Trust in government has been established during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public engagement in officials' posts is crucial to reinforce health policies and disseminate health information.
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| 5. |
- Dick-Sagoe, C., et al.
(författare)
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Facilitators of tertiary students' entrepreneurial intentions : Insights for Lesotho's national entrepreneurship policy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8440. ; 9:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study provides insightful information to guide the Lesotho government's drive to address rising youth unemployment. Through quota sampling technique, this study selected 930 students from 31 departments at National University of Lesotho. Grounded in the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), the study examined the facilitators of students' entrepreneurial intentions using mean, standard deviation, mean rank, correlation, and Mann-Whitney U test. Structural equation modelling was used to determine the relationship between the three components of TPB (attitudes, perceived behavioural control, and subjective norm), and students' entrepreneurial intention. The findings show that attitudes and perceived behavioural control were positive predictors of entrepreneurial intention while subjective norm was a negative predictor. The major findings indicate that students from Business and Management Development, Business Administration, Economics, Nutrition, and Pharmacy departments had higher entrepreneurial intentions, with postgraduate students (at master level) having higher entrepreneurial decisions than undergraduate students. Policy, practice, and research implications are teased out from the findings to improve entrepreneurial education.
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| 6. |
- Dick-Sagoe, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
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Stakeholder perceptions on causes and effects of public project failures in Ghana
- 2023
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Ingår i: Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-9992. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Factors responsible for the failure of most development projects are multifaceted. This study focused on unearthing the causes and effects of public project failure from the perspective of project stakeholders. Sixty stakeholders working on different public projects in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana completed a questionnaire. This study found that major causes of project failure were related to corruption, payment delays, procurement processes, planning, monitoring, bureaucracy, communication, and supervision. The perceived effects of project failure included revenue loss, discouraged investment, and unemployment. Project failure increased the initial cost of projects, impacted economic growth, led to the provision of substandard infrastructure and service relocation. Other effects of project failure were loss of capacity for public projects and emotional stress experienced by project stakeholders. The government of Ghana should adopt strategies to overcome corruption, bureaucracy, and unnecessary political influence. Finally, the government should cooperate with relevant stakeholders to implement measures geared towards improving the current system for procurement, supervision, monitoring, planning, and management practices.
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| 7. |
- Fawzy, N. A., et al.
(författare)
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Incidence and factors associated with burnout in radiologists : A systematic review
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Radiology Open. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-0477. ; 11
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale and objectives: Burnout among physicians has a prevalence rate exceeding 50%. The radiology department is not immune to the burnout epidemic. Understanding and addressing burnout among radiologists has been a subject of recent interest. Thus, our study aims to systematically review studies reporting the prevalence of burnout in physicians in the radiology department while providing an overview of the factors associated with burnout among radiologists. Materials and methods: The search was conducted from inception until November 13th, 2022, in PubMed, Embase, Education Resources Information Center, PsycINFO, and psycArticles. Studies reporting the prevalence of burnout or any subdimensions among radiology physicians, including residents, fellows, consultants, and attendings, were included. Data on study characteristics and estimates of burnout syndrome or any of its subdimensions were collected and summarized. Results: After screening 6379 studies, 23 studies from seven countries were eligible. The number of participants ranged from 26 to 460 (median, 162; interquartile range, 91–264). In all, 18 studies (78.3%) employed a form of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. In comparison, four studies (17.4%) used the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index, and one study (4.3%) used a single-item measure derived from the Zero Burnout Program survey. Overall burnout prevalence estimates were reported by 14 studies (60.9%) and varied from 33% to 88%. High burnout prevalence estimates were reported by only five studies (21.7%) and ranged from 5% to 62%. Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization prevalence estimates were reported by 16 studies (69.6%) and ranged from 11%−100% and 4%−97%, respectively. Furthermore, 15 studies (65.2%) reported low personal accomplishment prevalence, ranging from 14.7% to 84%. There were at least seven definitions for overall burnout and high burnout among the included studies, and there was high heterogeneity among the cutoff scores used for the burnout subdimensions. Conclusion: Burnout in radiology is increasing globally, with prevalence estimates reaching 88% and 62% for overall and high burnout, respectively. A myriad of factors has been identified as contributing to the increased prevalence. Our data demonstrated significant variability in burnout prevalence estimates among radiologists and major disparities in burnout criteria, instrument tools, and study quality.
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| 8. |
- Hadi, B., et al.
(författare)
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Compliance with World Health Organization's COVID-19 guidelines among Iraqi health workers
- 2023
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Ingår i: World Medical & Health Policy. - : Wiley. - 2153-2028 .- 1948-4682. ; 15:4, s. 537-543
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced guidelines with respect to hygiene practices, quarantine policies, and medical practices for health institutions to follow. Most studies examining compliance with WHO guidelines have been conducted at individual level but not at institutional level. This study investigates the availability of resources of health institutions in Iraq and their compliance with WHO COVID-19 guidelines. A total of 234 health workers, including physicians, nurses and medical technicians, were recruited in Babylon, Iraq. Self-reported number of health workers available in the health centre and the levels of compliance with the WHO's guidelines were assessed. Implementation of preventive measures for infected persons, fogging procedures, and having a crisis management team in the health centre were the top three common practices as recommended by WHO. There was a weak but significant positive relationship between the number of health workers in the healthcare centre and the levels of compliance with the WHO's COVID-19 guidelines (ρ = 0.243, p < 0.05), indicating that manpower may determine the implementation of these guidelines. There is a correlation between the quantity of health workers and the levels of compliance with the WHO's COVID-19 guidelines, showing that it is important to ensure sufficient human resources available in the health centre to implement the standard practices. In addition, more financial resources are needed to provide sufficient protective equipment and disposable supplies to health workers in Iraq.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Iqbal, J., et al.
(författare)
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Cardioprotective Effects of Nanoparticles in Cardiovascular Diseases : A State-of-the-Art Review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Current problems in cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0146-2806 .- 1535-6280. ; 48:8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been reported that death related to cardiovascular disease has increased up to 12.5% just in the past decade alone with various factors playing a role. In 2015 alone, it has been estimated that there were 422.7 million cases of CVD with 17.9 million deaths. Various therapies have been discovered to control and treat CVDs and their complications including reperfusion therapies and pharmacological approaches but many patients still progress to heart failure. Due to these proven adverse effects of existing therapies, various novel therapeutic techniques have emerged in the near past. Nano formulation is one of them. It is a practical therapeutic strategy to minimize pharmacological therapy's side effects and nontargeted distribution. Nanomaterials are suitable for treating CVDs due to their small size, which enables them to reach more sites of the heart and arteries. The biological safety, bioavailability, and solubility of the drugs have been increased due to the encapsulation of natural products and their derivatives of drugs.
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| 11. |
- Khan, Munema, et al.
(författare)
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Jejunal diverticulosis presenting as intestinal obstruction-A case report of a rare association
- 2023
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Ingår i: Clinical Case Reports. - : Wiley. - 2050-0904. ; 11:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Jejunal diverticula are rare medical conditions with an incidence of 0.3%-2.5%, mostly discovered perioperatively. Our patient, 60 years old female, presented in an emergency with complaints of constipation, vomiting, abdominal pain, and distension. On examination, her abdomen was markedly distended with generalized tenderness. An erect abdominal X-ray revealed multiple air-fluid levels, which suggests small bowel obstruction. A diagnosis of jejunal diverticula was made on exploratory laparotomy. No evidence of granuloma or malignancy was seen on histopathological examination. Segmental resection of the affected jejunum was carried out, followed by end-to-end primary anastomosis. The patient was discharged on postoperative Day 6 with complete recovery at 2 weeks follow-up visit.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Magtalas, M. C., et al.
(författare)
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A systematic review of ethnomedicinal plants used for pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care in the Philippines
- 2023
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Ingår i: Phytomedicine Plus. - : Elsevier BV. - 2667-0313. ; 3:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Medicinal plants are still widely used in rural areas of the Philippines. Among the conditions treated with medicinal plants are those related to pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care. This systematic review identified the medicinal plants used for obstetric care in the country. Methods: The study was conducted based on the PRISMA flow diagram, starting with a data search using three databases. The necessary information was extracted from the eligible research papers, and the studies' quality was assessed through a developed quality assessment tool. Results: This study included 38 ethnobotanical studies with 153 plant species used for pregnancy and postpartum care. Most of the studies were conducted in Northern Mindanao, in the Philippines. The most common pregnancy-related indications for the medicinal plants were postpartum care, and postpartum bleeding topped the list. The most common plant family, genus, and species were Fabaceae, Ficus, and Moringa oleifera Lam, respectively. The leaf was the most common single plant part used for pregnancy and postpartum care. Only 80 medicinal plants had toxicologic and teratogenic data. Conclusion: Women from different ethnic groups widely utilized medicinal plants to treat pregnancy-related conditions. Further research on toxicology and teratogenicity is necessary to ensure the safety of their users.
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| 14. |
- Magtalas, M. C., et al.
(författare)
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A systematic review of medicinal plants used in the treatment of gynecologic diseases in the Philippines
- 2023
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Ingår i: Phytomedicine Plus. - : Elsevier. - 2667-0313. ; 3:3
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Different indigenous peoples in the Philippines still utilize medicinal plants in treating gynecologic diseases. However, there is a lack of information regarding these medicinal plants used in treating gynecologic conditions in the Philippines. Hence, this systematic review compiled the available literature on medicinal plants used for gynecologic healthcare by various indigenous groups in the Philippines. Methods: Ethnobotanical studies that reported medicinal plants used for gynecologic diseases were obtained from OVID Medline, Scopus, and EBSCO CINAHL. A review of titles, abstracts, and articles was done independently by four reviewers. The quality of the studies was assessed using the quality assessment tool for ethnobotanical studies. Results: A total of 27 studies, including 98 different records, that cited the use of medicinal plants to treat gynecologic diseases were included in the qualitative synthesis. Most ethnobotanical studies were conducted in Northern Mindanao, Central Luzon, and Caraga, Philippines. The most common plant family, genus, and species were Fabaceae, Mimosa, and Mimosa pudica L., respectively. Leaves, roots, and stems were predominantly used, commonly prepared by decoction. Medicinal plants reported in ethnobotanical studies were widely used to treat dysmenorrhea (34 ssp.), irregular menstruation (28 spp.), myoma (four spp.), and infertility (four spp.). A significant proportion of medicinal plants used to treat gynecologic diseases in the Philippines had records of toxicologic (18 spp., 31.03%) or teratogenic (one sp., 1.72%) properties. Other species were reported as both nontoxic and toxic (five spp., 8.62%) and toxic and teratogenic (one sp., 1.72%). However, some were nontoxic or teratogenic (11 sp., 18.97%). In addition, 22 plant species had no data on toxicity or teratogenicity. Conclusion: This systematic review showed that medicinal plants and traditional healing practices are crucial in gynecologic healthcare in the Philippines.
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| 15. |
- Magtalas, M. C., et al.
(författare)
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Ethnomedicinal plants used for the prevention and treatment of anemia in the Philippines : a systematic review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Tropical Medicine and Health. - 1348-8945 .- 1349-4147. ; 51:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Medicinal plants are still used in developing countries, including the Philippines, to treat common diseases in the community. Anemia is a common disease encountered in the community. It is characterized by a lower-than-normal level of red blood cell count. This systematic review identified the medicinal plants used for anemia treatment in the Philippines. Methods: The study was conducted based on the PRISMA flow diagram, starting with a data search on electronic databases. The collected studies were screened based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The necessary information was extracted from the eligible research papers, and the studies’ quality was assessed through a developed quality assessment tool. Results: A total of 20 ethnobotanical studies on medicinal plants used for anemia treatment were obtained from different provinces within the 12 regions of the Philippines. Most ethnobotanical studies were conducted in Region X (Northern Mindanao), CAR (Cordillera Administrative Region), and Region XIII (CARAGA), Philippines. The most common plant family is Convovulaceae, with nine records (21.95%), followed by Cucurbitaceae, with six records (14.63%), and Moringaceae, with five records (12.2%). The most common plant part used was the leaves. Others involved mixing different plant parts, with fruits and leaves being the most common combination. The most common route of administration utilized was drinking the decoction, followed by eating the plant. Most medicinal plants used to treat anemia in the Philippines had records of toxicologic (four species, 15.38%) or teratogenic (one species, 3.85%) properties. Eight plant species were reported as nontoxic (30.77%). In addition, ten plant species (38.46%) had no data on toxicity or teratogenicity. Conclusion: There were only 20 ethnobotanical studies that documented the use of plants in treating anemia in the Philippines. This study listed several medicinal plants used in treating anemia in the Philippines. However, pharmacological and toxicological studies are still needed to determine their safety and efficacy in treating anemia in the community.
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| 16. |
- Maqbool, S., et al.
(författare)
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Engraftment syndrome following Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation : a systematic approach toward diagnosis and management
- 2023
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Ingår i: Medical Oncology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1357-0560 .- 1559-131X. ; 40:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Engraftment syndrome (ES) is a non-infectious complication seen both in autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants and is characterized by the presence of non-infectious fever, diarrhea, skin rash, pulmonary infiltration, pulmonary edema, and deranged renal and liver function tests This review will be delineating the incidence of ES, important differential diagnoses to be considered and management options. The literature search was done through various databases like PubMed, Google scholar, Cochrane library, and EMBASE. The incidence of engraftment syndrome was ranging from 8 to 50% in patients undergoing Autologous stem cell transplantation while the incidence was 10–77% in patients undergoing Allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Fever was the most commonly observed symptom of ES in both Autologous and Allogeneic stem cell transplantation while the second most frequently reported symptom was non-infectious diarrhea in patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation and Skin rash in patients with Allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and immune response dysregulation were highlighted as the mechanism behind ES development. The significant difference between ES and aGVHD was observed based on cytokines, with IL-12, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels in plasma being higher in patients with ES as compared to patients with aGVHD. Intravenous methylprednisolone was used as the treatment of choice in the majority of the studies. Overall the incidence of ES was high in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation. The survival in patients developing ES was less compared to those who did not develop ES. Engraftment syndrome is one of the complications following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation that need early identification, differentiation from infectious complications, and aGVHD and timely initiation of corticosteroids therapy.
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| 17. |
- Maqbool, S., et al.
(författare)
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Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) and Left Ventricular Geometric Patterns in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Stage 2-5 With Preserved Ejection Fraction (EF) : A Systematic Review to Explore CKD Stage-wise LVH Patterns
- 2023
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Ingår i: Current problems in cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0146-2806 .- 1535-6280. ; 48:4
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is the most common structural abnormality associated with CKD patients accounting for 70% of the patients suffering LVH with ESRD. This art of the state review is first of its nature which aimed to analyze the studies involving LVH in CKD patients, and stage-wise association of CKD with various geometrical patterns of LVH. The literature search was done through various databases like PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHIL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. After careful quality assessment a total of 7 studies, and 2121 patients were included in our study. The mean age of the patients was 61.5±12.4 years. Similarly, the mean value of eGFR was 39.81±13.71 ml/min. The incidence of LVH was 47.05%, and on stage-wise analysis, the higher CKD stage was associated with eccentric LVH as compared to lower stages. The ejection fraction (EF) values were showing preserved EF in all included studies. ESRD was showing more preponderance towards eccentric LVH as compared to other stages of CKD.
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| 18. |
- Memon, M. A., et al.
(författare)
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Aetiology and associations of halitosis : A systematic review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Oral Diseases. - : Wiley. - 1354-523X .- 1601-0825. ; 29:4, s. 1432-1438
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Halitosis is a term that refers to an unpleasant or foul odour originating from the oral cavity that can be caused by either intra-oral or extra-oral factors. Despite the fact that halitosis has multifactorial aetiology, intra-oral factors play a significant role in the majority of cases. This systematic review assesses halitosis's intra-oral and extra-oral associations. An electronic search through MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar and the Wiley Online Library was conducted to identify relevant manuscripts. A keywords-based search was performed, using the terms ‘halitosis’, ‘bad-breath’, and ‘oral malodour causes and aetiology’. Articles published from January 2014 to December 2020 were included. We selected studies evaluating the intra-oral and extra-oral factors that induce oral malodour, as well as the factors associated with systemic diseases. Eighty to ninety percent of halitosis is caused by intra-oral factors, with coated tongue, periodontal diseases and poor oral hygiene practices being the principal factors. Ten to twenty percent of halitosis is induced by extra-oral factors associated with systemic diseases. Multiple factors can cause halitosis, but most of the aetiology is intra-oral. Increased medical awareness is needed to determine the actual pathophysiological process of oral malodour in otherwise healthy individuals.
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| 19. |
- Sarder, M. A., et al.
(författare)
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A multilevel analysis of individual and community-level factors associated with childhood immunisation in Bangladesh : Evidence from a pooled cross-sectional survey
- 2023
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Ingår i: Vaccine: X. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-1362. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Previous studies on childhood vaccinations in Bangladesh relied on single-level analyses and ignored the clustering and hierarchical structure of data collected from people living in different geographical units. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the association between individual and community-level factors of full childhood immunisation with an improved analytical approach. Methods: Participants were 13,752 children aged 12–59 months. Data were extracted from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) conducted in 2007, 2011, 2014, and 2017–18. A two-level multilevel logistic regression method was used to analyse the data. Results: Approximately 87% of the children were fully immunised. In the fully adjusted model, at the individual level, mothers who had primary and above education (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.78; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.57, 2.01), mass media exposure (AOR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.30), having vaccination cards (AOR = 3.65; 95% CI: 3.23, 4.14), and having at least 4 antenatal care (ANC) visits (AOR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.44) were strongly associated with full childhood immunisation. At community-level, rural residency (AOR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.44), community women's education (AOR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.43), and community ANC utilisation (AOR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.61) were significantly associated with full childhood immunisation. Conclusion: Along with individual-level factors, community-level factors have a significant effect on childhood immunisation. Policymakers should target improving community-level characteristics, such as community poverty, education levels, and the number of community-level ANC visits, to increase the national level of childhood immunisation. Public health intervention programs aiming at increasing awareness of childhood immunisation should include elements at both individual and community levels. © 2023 The Author(s)
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| 20. |
- Shirin Sara, S., et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic changes in prevalence of type 2 diabetes along with associated factors in Bangladesh : Evidence from two national cross-sectional surveys (BDHS 2011 and BDHS 2017–18)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Diabetes & Metabolic syndrome. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-4021 .- 1878-0334. ; 17:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Prevalence of type 2 diabetes has been rising rapidly especially in low- and middle-income countries. The purpose of this study is to analyze the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in 2011 and 2017–18, and the risk factors based on the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHS). Methods: The study comprised of data from the BDHS 2011 and the BDHS 2017–18 with 7565 (50.6% female) and 12,299 respondents (56.9% female) respectively. The plasma blood glucose was classified into normal, pre-diabetes, and diabetes categories. While univariate analysis was performed to determine the data, Chi-square and gamma analyses were used for bivariate estimation of the correlation between diabetes status and other comorbidities. Multinomial and ordinal logistic regression were also performed to trace the link between diabetes and various risk factors. Results: The 2011 BDHS survey indicated that nearly half of the participants (47.6%) had pre-diabetic condition, while 10.2% were diagnosed with diabetes. On the other hand, the BDHS 2017-18 demonstrated that 28.6% and 8.6% of participants had pre-diabetes and diabetes, respectively. Results of inferential statistics showed that gender (p<0.05), age, wealth status, physical activity, BMI (p<0.01), and caffeinated beverages (p<0.05), were significantly linked with diabetes status. Conclusion: According to our findings, older people and people with lower education are more likely to develop diabetes. BMIˏ Physically active, wealth status, diet and lifestyle were significant predictors of type 2 diabetes. Healthy lifestyle, physical activities, proper knowledge and awareness can reduce the risk of T2D.
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| 21. |
- Solidum, J. G. N., et al.
(författare)
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Nanomedicine and nanoparticle-based delivery systems in plastic and reconstructive surgery
- 2023
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Ingår i: Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2288-8586. ; 45:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Nanotechnology and nanomedicine are rising novel fields in plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS). The use of nanomaterials often goes with regenerative medicine. Due to their nanoscale, these materials stimulate repair at the cellular and molecular levels. Nanomaterials may be placed as components of nanocomposite polymers allowing enhancement of overall biochemical and biomechanical properties with improved scaffold properties, cellular attachment, and tissue regeneration. They may also be formulated as nanoparticle-based delivery systems for controlled release of signal factors or antimicrobials, for example. However, more studies on nanoparticle-based delivery systems still need to be done in this field. Nanomaterials are also used as frameworks for nerves, tendons, and other soft tissues. Main body: In this mini-review, we focus on nanoparticle-based delivery systems and nanoparticles targeting cells for response and regeneration in PRS. Specifically, we investigate their roles in various tissue regeneration, skin and wound healing, and infection control. Cell surface-targeted, controlled-release, and inorganic nanoparticle formulations with inherent biological properties have enabled enhanced wound healing, tumor visualization/imaging, tissue viability, and decreased infection, and graft/transplantation rejection through immunosuppression. Conclusions: Nanomedicine is also now being applied with electronics, theranostics, and advanced bioengineering technologies. Overall, it is a promising field that can improve patient clinical outcomes in PRS.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Swed, S., et al.
(författare)
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Monkeypox in Syria : Highlighting an awareness issue
- 2023
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Ingår i: IJID Regions. - : Elsevier BV. - 2772-7076. ; 7, s. 271-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) verified 780 cases of monkeypox across 27 countries between 13 May 2022 and 2 June 2022. The aim of our study was to assess the level of awareness of human monkeypox virus among Syrian medical students, general practitioners, medical residents, and specialists. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was performed in Syria between May 2 and September 8, 2022. The survey consisted of 53 questions within the following three categories: demographic information, work-related details, and monkeypox knowledge. Results: In total, 1257 Syrian healthcare workers and medical students were enrolled in our study. The animal host and incubation time for monkeypox were correctly identified by just 2.7% and 33.3% of responders, respectively. Sixty percent of the study sample thought that the symptoms of monkeypox and smallpox are identical. No statistically significant associations were found between predictor variables and knowledge regarding monkeypox (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion: Education and awareness regarding monkeypox vaccinations are of paramount importance. It is essential that clinical doctors are adequately aware of this disease, in order to avoid an uncontrolled situation, as experienced with COVID-19.
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| 24. |
- Swed, S., et al.
(författare)
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NHANES cross sectional study of aspirin and fractures in the elderly
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone fractures are a global public health concern, yet no thorough investigation of low-dose aspirin usage to prevent fractures in the elderly has been conducted. Many interventional human and animal studies have tried to detect the correct role of low-dose aspirin on fractures in elderly persons. The literature doesn't consist of a retrospective observational study that includes a large number of older individuals and evaluates the accurate effect of aspirin on the fractures post falling from low heights. This cross-sectional includes 7132 elderly persons and aimed to detect if there was a link between taking low-dose aspirin to prevent fractures in the elderly. Data was extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database for 2017–2020 and 2013–2014. Demographic and examination data were collected during in-home interviews and study visits to a mobile examination center. Standardized questionnaires were used to collect information such as age, gender, race, educational level, and family income-to-poverty ratio. Body mass index (BMI), weight, standing height, upper leg length, upper arm length, arm circumference, and wrist circumference were all measured during the examination. The study examined 8127 patients, with 7132 elderly patients suitable for data analysis. The odds ratio of fractures due to a fall from standing height or less was 0.963 (95 percent confidence interval 0.08–1.149) in low-dose aspirin users, while having parents with osteoporosis had a related risk of 1.23. (95 percent confidence interval 0.81–1.8). The total number of fractures was 1295; with hip fractures constituting up to 13.82%, wrist fractures of 66.56%, and spine fractures of 19.61%. There was no significant difference in femur and spine bone mineral density (BMD) in the two groups (use low dose aspirin and don't use). Females had a 5.6 times greater fracture risk related to a fall from standing height or less (1 time or more) than males (P-value < 0.001). Furthermore, taking aspirin had no effect on the occurrence of fractures from standing height or less in older people (P-value = 0.468). In addition, the logistic regression after performing the propensity matching score confirmed that there was no impact of taking aspirin on the occurrence of fractures (P-value > 0.05). This cross-sectional study reveals that taking low-dose aspirin to prevent fractures in the elderly is statistically insignificant. However, fractures are more common in older persons, especially in older women; thus, more widespread injury prevention initiatives and access to osteoporosis prevention and diagnosis for older people should improve to minimize the overall burden.
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| 25. |
- Swed, S., et al.
(författare)
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Syrians' awareness of cardiovascular disease risk factors and warning indicators : a descriptive cross-sectional study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The awareness of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) contributes to the complications and fatality rates from these diseases among individuals; however, no previous study in Syria was conducted on this topic; thus, this study aims to assess Syrians' awareness of CVDs warning symptoms and risk factors. This online cross-sectional study was performed in Syria between the 1st and 25th of August 2022. The inclusion criteria for the sample were citizens of Syria over 18 who currently reside in Syria. The questionnaire included open- and closed-ended questions to assess the awareness of CVDs. A total of 1201 participants enrolled in the study with a response rate of 97.2%; more than half of the participants (61.4%) were aged 18–24. The most recognizable risk factors and warning signs when asking close-ended and open-ended questions were smoking (95.2%, 37.1%) and chest pain (87.8%, 24.8%), respectively. Overall knowledge scores for risk factors and warning signs were (61.5%). Regarding knowledge score of CVDs risk factors and warning signs, participants aged 45–54 scored higher than other age groups, and respondents with a university education level had a higher score than other educational levels (15.7 ± 0.3), (14.5 ± 0.1), respectively. Participants aged 45–54 have a higher probability of good knowledge of CVDs risk factors and warning signs than participants aged 18–24 (OR = 4.8, P value < 0.001), while participants living in the countryside were less likely to have good knowledge of CVDs risk factors and warning signs than city residents (OR = 0.6, P value < 0.05). According to our results, there is inadequate knowledge of the risk factors and warning signs of CVDs. Consequently, there is a greater need to raise CVD awareness and learning initiatives on the disease's risk factors and symptoms.
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| 26. |
- Tse, Zoie Wai Man, et al.
(författare)
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School-based cognitive-behavioural therapy for children and adolescents with social anxiety disorder and social anxiety symptoms : A systematic review
- 2023
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 18:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSocial anxiety disorder (SAD) is prevalent among children and adolescents. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) has been used as the first-line treatment. However, evaluation of CBT conducted in a school setting has been scarce.ObjectivesThis study aims to review the CBT and its effectiveness in the school setting for children and adolescents with SAD or social anxiety symptoms. Quality assessment on individual studies was conducted.MethodsStudies were identified through the search in PsycINFO, ERIC, PubMed and Medline targeting CBT conducted in a school setting with an aim to treat children and adolescents with SAD or social anxiety symptoms. Randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies were selected.ResultsA total of 7 studies met the inclusion criteria. Five studies were randomised controlled trials, and two were quasi-experimental studies with 2558 participants aged 6-16 years from 138 primary schools and 20 secondary schools. There were minor effects to reduce social anxiety symptoms for children and adolescents at post-intervention in 86% of the selected studies. Friend for Life (FRIENDS), Super Skills for Life (SSL) and Skills for Academic and Social Success (SASS) conducted in school were more effective than the control conditions.ConclusionsThere is a lack of quality of the evidence for FRIENDS, SSL and SASS, due to inconsistencies on the outcome assessments, statistical analyses, and the fidelity measures adopted in individual studies. Insufficient school funding and workforce with relevant health background, and the low level of parental involvement in the intervention would be the major challenges in school-based CBT for children and adolescents with SAD or social anxiety symptoms.
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| 27. |
- Yousaf, H., et al.
(författare)
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Emerging role of macrophages in non-infectious diseases : An update
- 2023
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Ingår i: Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0753-3322 .- 1950-6007. ; 161
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the past three decades, a huge body of evidence through various research studies conducted on animal models, has demonstrated that the macrophages are centralized of all the leukocytes involved in diseases and, particularly, their role in non-infectious diseases has been studied extensively for which they have also been referred to as the “double-edged swords”. The most versatile of all immunocytes, macrophages play a key role in health and diseases. Various experimental models have demonstrated the conventional paradigms such as the M1/M2 dichotomy, which is not as obvious and presents a complex characterization of the macrophages in the disease immunology. In human diseases, this M1-M2 continuum shows a complex web of mechanisms, which are majorly divided into the pro-inflammatory roles (derived mainly by the cytokines: IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, and tumor necrosis factor) and anti-inflammatory roles (CCl-17, CCl-22, CCL-2, transforming growth factor (TGF), and interleukin-10), which are involved in the wound healing and pathogen-suppression. The conventional division of these macrophages as M1 and M2 is derived from the opposing functions of these macrophages; where M1 is involved in the tissue damage and pro-inflammatory roles and M2 promotes cell proliferation and the resolution of inflammation. Both these pathways down-regulate each other in diseases through a plethora of enzymatic and cytokine mediators.
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