| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Dahlquist, M., et al.
(author)
-
Methodology for quantifying perceptual effects from noise suppression systems
- 2005
-
In: International Journal of Audiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 44:12, s. 721-732
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Methodology is proposed for perceptual assessment of both subjective sound quality and speech recognition in such way that results can be compared between these two aspects, Validation is performed with a noise suppression system applied to hearing instruments. A method termed Interpolated Paired Comparison Rating (IPCR) was developed for time efficient assessment of subjective impression of different aspects of sound quality for a variety of noise conditions. The method is based on paired comparisons between processed and unprocessed stimuli, and the results are expressed as the difference in signal-to-noise ratio (dB) between these that give equal subjective impression. For tests of speech recognition in noise, validated adaptive test methods can be used that give results in terms of speech-to-noise ratio. The methodology was shown to be sensitive enough to detect significant mean differences between processed and unprocessed speech in noise, both regarding subjective sound quality and speech recognition ability in groups consisting of 30 subjects. An effect on sound quality from the noise suppression equivalent to about 3-4 dB is required to be statistically significant for a single subject. A corresponding effect of 3-6 dB is required for speech recognition (one-sided test). The magnitude of difference that occurred in the present study for sound quality was sufficient to show significant differences for sound quality within individuals, but this was not the case for speech recognition.
|
|
| 4. |
- Hensing, Gunnel, 1956, et al.
(author)
-
Experienced dilemmas of everyday life in chronic neuropathic pain patients--results from a critical incident study.
- 2007
-
In: Scandinavian journal of caring sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 21:2, s. 147-54
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Neuropathic pain is a disabling chronic condition with limited therapeutic options. Few studies have addressed patient's experience and strategies. The aim of this study was to explore dilemmas experienced in order to improve care and rehabilitation. An interview study with 39 patients suffering from neuropathic pain of different origin was performed. We used the critical incident technique to collect data. Questions on occasions when patients had been hindered by or reminded of their neuropathic pain were included, and the self-perceived consequences and management of such occasions. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed qualitatively. A broad range of experiences categorised into dilemmas, disturbances, consequences and managements from most parts of everyday life was identified. The dilemmas were 'housework', 'sitting', 'physical activity', 'personal hygiene', 'sleeping difficulties', 'hypersensitivity to external stimuli', 'social relationships', 'transportation' and 'leisure time'. Disturbances were 'failures', 'inabilities' and 'restrictions'. Consequences were 'increased pain', 'psychological reactions' and 'physical symptoms'. The majority of the patients used activity-oriented strategies to manage their pain such as alternative ways of performing the task, a cognitive approach or simply ignoring the pain. This is one of the first studies presenting detailed data on everyday dilemmas, disturbances and consequences of patients with chronic neuropathic pain. Such information is important in clinical settings to improve care and rehabilitation.
|
|
| 5. |
- Lindblom, Adam, et al.
(author)
-
High-voltage pulsed-power cable generator
- 2009
-
In: IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. - USA : IEEE. - 0093-3813 .- 1939-9375. ; 37:1, s. 236-242
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A cable-based 25-GW pulsed-power generator with output impedance of 2 is presented. It is designed to deliver a 200-ns-long 500-kV pulse into a 10 load. The primary energy storage of the generator consists of a 50-kV 20-kJ capacitor bank. The 50-kV capacitor bank is discharged into a 1 : 12 transformer. The transformer is designed to charge a pulse-forming line (PFL) to 600 kV. When charged, the PFL is discharged into a load via a spark gap. The spark gap is located in a coaxial system containing deionized water together with the cable endings of the PFL and transformer. The electric field at the cable endings is refractively graded by the high permittivity of the surrounding water. The primary and secondary windings consist of high-voltage cables that are interleaved and wound together. The PFL consists of eight 40-m-long 110-kV coaxial cables with both ends connected to the load. Each cable screen is grounded in the middle and connected in parallel. The cables have a characteristic impedance of 30 . The parallel cable setup gives the PFL an impedance of 2 . The total length, height, and width of the pulse generator are 4, 2, and 1.2 m, respectively.
|
|
