| 1. |
- Andersson, Lars-Magnus, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Increased cerebrospinal fluid ganglioside GD3 concentrations as a marker of microglial activation in HIV type 1 infection
- 1998
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Ingår i: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. ; 14:12, s. 1065-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) invades the central nervous system (CNS) early in the infectious course. The predominant, productively infected cell type within the CNS is the microglial cell. We have analyzed the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the ganglioside GD3, a microglia/macrophage and astrocyte marker, in 22 HIV-1-infected individuals at different stages of the disease, and in 44 age-matched HIV-negative, healthy controls. To distinguish between microglial/macrophage and astroglial involvement, the GD3 levels were compared with CSF levels of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAp), which is expressed exclusively in astrocytes. A significantly higher mean CSF concentration of GD3 was found in HIV-1-infected patients compared to controls (56.7 and 40.1 nmol/L, respectively, p < 0.001). Seven of 22 HIV-1-infected patients had increased CSF levels of GD3 (above mean + 2 SD in controls), all but one of these had normal levels of GFAp, indicating a microglial activation or proliferation as the major source of the increased GD3 levels.
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| 2. |
- Gisslén, Magnus, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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High levels in serum, but no signs of intrathecal synthesis of anti-sulfatide antibodies in HIV-1 infected individuals with or without central nervous system complications
- 1999
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Ingår i: J Neuroimmunol. ; 94:1-2, s. 153-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Myelin degeneration is commonly found in the central nervous system (CNS) of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), especially in patients with HIV-1-associated dementia. We analysed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples from 25 HIV-1 infected individuals for the presence of antibodies directed against sulfatide, the major acidic glycosphingolipid in myelin. Nine of the patients had CNS complications, including 3 with HIV-1-associated dementia, and 16 had no neurological symptoms. Elevated titres of anti-sulfatide antibodies were found in serum from 24/25 HIV-1-infected individuals but in none of them in the CSF. Although the vast majority of HIV-1-infected individuals harbour autoantibodies directed against sulfatide in serum, the lack of detectable intrathecal production indicates that anti-sulfatide antibodies are not a major component in the pathogenesis of CNS myelin damage in HIV-1 infection.
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| 3. |
- Gisslén, Magnus, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Increased cerebrospinal fluid ganglioside GM1 concentrations indicating neuronal involvement in all stages of HIV-1 infection
- 1997
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Ingår i: J Neurovirol. ; 3:2, s. 148-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of gangliosides can be used as markers of central nervous system (CNS) neuronal involvement. We have analysed the CSF concentrations of the four major brain gangliosides GM1, GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b at different stages of HIV-1 infection. CSF samples were collected from 44 HIV-1-infected patients and from 24 HIV-negative, healthy controls. A significantly higher mean CSF concentration of the ganglioside GM1 was found in HIV-1-infected patients than in HIV-negative controls (27 and 19 nmol/l, respectively, P<0.01). The HIV-infected patients also had a higher mean GM1 proportion of the total ganglioside concentration (11% compared with 8.5%, P < 0.01). Nine out of 27 patients with asymptomatic HIV-1 infection, three of ten with AIDS without neurological complications, and three of seven with AIDS dementia complex had CSF GM1 concentrations above the mean+2SD in the HIV-negative control group. Conclusion: Biochemical signs of ongoing neuronal involvement could be found in about one third of HIV-1-infected patients. The same frequency was found regardless of stage, although the highest levels of CSF gangliosides were found in patients with AIDS.
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| 4. |
- Nordin, Viviann, et al.
(författare)
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Gangliosides in cerebrospinal fluid in children with autism spectrum disorders.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 40:9, s. 587-594
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycolipids found in all cells, especially abundant in nerve cells and mainly situated on outer-membrane surfaces. The aim of this study was to provide data on the concentration of gangliosides in the CSF of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) - 66 with autistic disorder, and 19 with other autism spectrum disorders. The comparison group consisted of 29 children and adolescents, whose CSF had been sampled to exclude acute infectious CNS disorder. The concentrations of the gangliosides GM1, GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b were determined using a microimmunoaffinity technique. The ASD group had a significantly higher concentration of ganglioside GM1 compared with the comparison group. The GM1 increase could not be explained as secondary to other clinical factors. Mean ganglioside levels did not differentiate subgroups with autistic disorder and those with a more atypical clinical picture, nor subgroups with known medical disorders and those with idiopathic autism. Altered patterns of gangliosides in the CNS might reflect important correlates of pathogenesis in autism.
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