| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Leo, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis and Reflections
- 2014
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Ingår i: Enforcing Child Rights Globally. - 9789198053555 ; , s. 141-156
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Leo, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Background
- 2014
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Ingår i: Enforcing Child Rights Globally. - 9789198053555 ; , s. 7-13
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Leo, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Change Agents
- 2014
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Ingår i: Enforcing Child Rights Globally. - 9789198053555 ; , s. 171-187
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Do, Ron, et al.
(författare)
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Common variants associated with plasma triglycerides and risk for coronary artery disease
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:11, s. 1345-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Triglycerides are transported in plasma by specific triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; in epidemiological studies, increased triglyceride levels correlate with higher risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it is unclear whether this association reflects causal processes. We used 185 common variants recently mapped for plasma lipids (P < 5 x 10(-8) for each) to examine the role of triglycerides in risk for CAD. First, we highlight loci associated with both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride levels, and we show that the direction and magnitude of the associations with both traits are factors in determining CAD risk. Second, we consider loci with only a strong association with triglycerides and show that these loci are also associated with CAD. Finally, in a model accounting for effects on LDL-C and/or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, the strength of a polymorphism's effect on triglyceride levels is correlated with the magnitude of its effect on CAD risk. These results suggest that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins causally influence risk for CAD.
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| 8. |
- Moayyeri, Alireza, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic determinants of heel bone properties : genome-wide association meta-analysis and replication in the GEFOS/GENOMOS consortium
- 2014
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 23:11, s. 3054-3068
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantitative ultrasound of the heel captures heel bone properties that independently predict fracture risk and, with bone mineral density (BMD) assessed by X-ray (DXA), may be convenient alternatives for evaluating osteoporosis and fracture risk. We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association (GWA) studies to assess the genetic determinants of heel broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA; n = 14 260), velocity of sound (VOS; n = 15 514) and BMD (n = 4566) in 13 discovery cohorts. Independent replication involved seven cohorts with GWA data (in silico n = 11 452) and new genotyping in 15 cohorts (de novo n = 24 902). In combined random effects, meta-analysis of the discovery and replication cohorts, nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) had genome-wide significant (P < 5 x 10(-8)) associations with heel bone properties. Alongside SNPs within or near previously identified osteoporosis susceptibility genes including ESR1 (6q25.1: rs4869739, rs3020331, rs2982552), SPTBN1 (2p16.2: rs11898505), RSPO3 (6q22.33: rs7741021), WNT16 (7q31.31: rs2908007), DKK1 (10q21.1: rs7902708) and GPATCH1 (19q13.11: rs10416265), we identified a new locus on chromosome 11q14.2 (rs597319 close to TMEM135, a gene recently linked to osteoblastogenesis and longevity) significantly associated with both BUA and VOS (P < 8.23 x 10(-14)). In meta-analyses involving 25 cohorts with up to 14 985 fracture cases, six of 10 SNPs associated with heel bone properties at P < 5 x 10(-6) also had the expected direction of association with any fracture (P < 0.05), including three SNPs with P < 0.005: 6q22.33 (rs7741021), 7q31.31 (rs2908007) and 10q21.1 (rs7902708). In conclusion, this GWA study reveals the effect of several genes common to central DXA-derived BMD and heel ultrasound/DXA measures and points to a new genetic locus with potential implications for better understanding of osteoporosis pathophysiology.
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| 9. |
- Willer, Cristen J., et al.
(författare)
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Discovery and refinement of loci associated with lipid levels
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:11, s. 1274-1283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and total cholesterol are heritable, modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease. To identify new loci and refine known loci influencing these lipids, we examined 188,577 individuals using genome-wide and custom genotyping arrays. We identify and annotate 157 loci associated with lipid levels at P < 5 x 10(-8), including 62 loci not previously associated with lipid levels in humans. Using dense genotyping in individuals of European, East Asian, South Asian and African ancestry, we narrow association signals in 12 loci. We find that loci associated with blood lipid levels are often associated with cardiovascular and metabolic traits, including coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, blood pressure, waist-hip ratio and body mass index. Our results demonstrate the value of using genetic data from individuals of diverse ancestry and provide insights into the biological mechanisms regulating blood lipids to guide future genetic, biological and therapeutic research.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Child Rights, Classroom and School Management : Change Projects from the International Training Programme Batch 15 - 2011b
- 2013
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Lund University has offered the Sida-financed International Training Programmeon Child Rights, Classroom and School Management since 2003. The programmetargets those in a position from which they can initiate processes ofchange in the education sector in their countries. During the programme all participating teams initiate a change project in their respective countries aiming atthe realization of the intention of the Child Rights Convention in policy as wellas in practice. This book contains the final reports from Batch 15 with changeagents from Cambodia, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Malawi, Mozambique, SouthAfrica, Tanzania, Uganda and Vietnam.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 13. |
- Leo, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Child Rights, Classroom and School Management : Change Projects from the International Training Programme Batch 14 - 2011a
- 2012
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Lund University has offered the Sida-financed International Training Programme on Child Rights, Classroom and School Management since 2003. The programme targets those in a position from which they can initiate processes of change in the education sector in their countries. During the programme all participating teams initiate a change project in their respective countries aiming at the realization of the intention of the Child Rights Convention in policy as well as in practice. This book contains the final reports from Batch 14 with change agents from Cambodia, China, Colombia, Egypt, India, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania and Zambia.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Leo, Ulf
(författare)
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Rektorer bör och rektorer gör
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of the thesis is to study whether any special professional norms exist with regard to principals’ leadership of the democratic mission which is presented to the schools. The aim is to identify norms in order to be able to later analyse and understand them. Norms exist in groups of various types, and by using the term “norm” I am addressing the actions of principals, rather than their individual personal characteristics. It is what principals should be doing according to the Swedish School Act, the Swedish Compulsory School Ordinance and their curricula – that serves as the point of departure for the study, and from there I proceed to study what principals are doing based on the interpreted mission. The first research question is: How do principals interpret the democratic mission presented to the schools? I interpret the responses of the principals regarding their actions as follows: they do not distinguish the democratic mission as a separate one, but rather view it as part of the whole process of leading the school. Most of the principals describe their management style as one that involves numerous dialogues, and they speak more about listening to others than about talking themselves. The principals also talk more about working with democratic processes that involve large numbers of people than about making quick decisions by themselves. The second research question is: How do principals translate this mission into concrete actions? This question reveals that physical presence and different types of dialogue are central to how the mission translates into democracy in practice. The final research question is: What professional norms for leadership are inherent in the principals’ concrete actions? This is the central issue in this study, and I have used the essential and accidental attributes of the norms in order to identify and to understand them. The step-by-step method, two rounds of one-by-one interviews and two rounds of focus group interviews with 14 principals, has led me in two directions. One has led toward action instructions that can also be viewed as general norms for a democratic principal. The results point to the complexity of the mission. The items are intertwined, and they can also find themselves on a collision course, with the result that principals have to choose to follow the norm that fits the specific situation in question. The other direction goes into greater depth in six identified dilemmas or problem areas in the context of the democratic mission. In general it has been difficult to identify clear signs of any separate professional reproduction of norms among or for principals. The norm perspective, used in the thesis, has to do with understanding schools and, in this case, the leadership provided by principals. Social and professional norms are formed and changed in the contexts in which they exist, and the norm perspective offers one of a number of possible ways of understanding the actions and patterns of actions of which the principals’ activities consist. One of the identified norms is that principals should have self-awareness. The principals speak about the importance of reflection for greater self-awareness. Applying a norm perspective could enable the principals to acquire the linguistic terms and concepts to allow them to reflect on their own actions and those of others. Through reflection, the principals could become more highly aware of their own actions. They can then choose whether they will be governed by a social norm, a norm for teachers or a separate norm for principals, or if they wish to act in their own individual way. Should principals be norm followers, norm breakers or change agents? Which is in the best interests of the pupils?
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- McQuillan, Ruth, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence of Inbreeding Depression on Human Height
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLOS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404. ; 8:7, s. e1002655-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stature is a classical and highly heritable complex trait, with 80%–90% of variation explained by genetic factors. In recent years, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified many common additive variants influencing human height; however, little attention has been given to the potential role of recessive genetic effects. Here, we investigated genome-wide recessive effects by an analysis of inbreeding depression on adult height in over 35,000 people from 21 different population samples. We found a highly significant inverse association between height and genome-wide homozygosity, equivalent to a height reduction of up to 3 cm in the offspring of first cousins compared with the offspring of unrelated individuals, an effect which remained after controlling for the effects of socio-economic status, an important confounder (χ2 = 83.89, df = 1; p = 5.2×10−20). There was, however, a high degree of heterogeneity among populations: whereas the direction of the effect was consistent across most population samples, the effect size differed significantly among populations. It is likely that this reflects true biological heterogeneity: whether or not an effect can be observed will depend on both the variance in homozygosity in the population and the chance inheritance of individual recessive genotypes. These results predict that multiple, rare, recessive variants influence human height. Although this exploratory work focuses on height alone, the methodology developed is generally applicable to heritable quantitative traits (QT), paving the way for an investigation into inbreeding effects, and therefore genetic architecture, on a range of QT of biomedical importance.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Wickenberg, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Change agents and Change of norms: international experiences on training in UN Convention on the Rights of the Child in Schools
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of International Cooperation in Education. - 1344-2996. ; 16:number 2, April 2014, s. 105-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Education is usually seen as an instrument for making changes in knowledge, values and norms. Norms are action instructions or imperatives and thus direct actions and changes, which is the essence of norms. If one knows more about norms – guiding actions – one understands more about changes. It is well-known in sociology of law that there is an important, complex interplay between social norms and legal norms. The aim of this article isto reflect upon empirically based results on international training on implementation of the UN Convention of the Rights of the Child (CRC) – the legal norms – in schools and educational organisations. The article is ended by concrete examples and applications of changes taken from schools and educational areas in the state of Kerala in southern India. The overarching idea is to study some change processes where the change of norms is taking place following the new legal norms stemming from the CRC. If legal and the social norms are congruent, one of the conclusions is that the implementation of new norms will be sustainable.
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| 28. |
- Wickenberg, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Child Rights, Classroom and School Management : Change Projects from the International Training Programme Batch 17 - 2012b
- 2014
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Lund University has offered the Sida-financed International Training Programmeon Child Rights, Classroom and School Management since 2003. The programmetargets those in a position from which they can initiate processes of change in theeducation sector in their countries. During the programme all participating teamsinitiate a change project in their respective countries aiming at the realization ofthe intention of the Child Rights Convention in policy as well as in practice. Thisbook contains the final reports from Batch 17 with change agents from Cambodia,China, Colombia, Egypt, Indonesia, Namibia, Tanzania, Uganda and Viet Nam.
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| 29. |
- Wickenberg, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Ett steg fram och ett tillbaka... Statens styrning av miljö och hållbar utveckling genom skollag, läroplaner och kursplaner
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna rättssociologiskt inriktade artikel är att beskriva och problematisera lag-stiftnings- och regleringsprocesser av skolans uppdrag med fokus på miljö och hållbar ut-veckling, och samtidigt beskrivs den historiska bakgrunden för denna tematik 1990-2011. Vi tolkar de rättsliga och politiska skeendena och de involverade institutionerna i ett teoretiskt, historiesociologiskt perspektiv som bygger på begreppet path dependence. Att vi här gör en fördjupad studie av skeendena på den politiska, nationella nivån beror på att den typen av beskrivningar ofta saknas i samhällsvetenskapliga studier av hur en lagtext växer fram och vilka motiv som kan finnas för olika beslut och inriktningar. Studien ansluter till den tradition som benämns ”genetisk rättssociologi”. Artikeln tar sin utgångspunkt i och bygger på den modell som utvecklats i ett antal forskningsprojekt över tid av Lindensjö och Lundgren, som utvecklat och använt begreppen formuleringsarenan respektive realiseringsarenan. De rätts-liga förändringarna tolkas mot bakgrund av tröghet (inertia) och stigberoende (path depen-dence). Studien sker genom nyckelintervju och analyser av nationella och rättsliga styrdo-kument och rättskällor för att på så sätt kunna beskriva och kategorisera vilka rättsliga nor-mer som samhället genom sina politiska och administrativa institutioner finner vara av värde att lyfta fram för skolans verksamheter. Detta ser vi som en av grunderna för de normstödjande strukturer för en hållbar utveckling, som ska skapas samt utvecklas i svensk skola givet de trögheter och stigberoenden som gör sig gällande inom fältet.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Wångdahl Flinck, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Child Rights, Classroom and School Management : Change Projects from the International Training Programme Batch 12 - 2010a
- 2010
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Lund University has offered the Sida-financed International Training Programme on Child Rights, Classroom and School Management since 2003. The programme targets those in a position from which they can initiate processes of change in the education sector in their countries. During the programme all partici¬pating teams initiate a change project in their respective countries aiming at the reali¬zation of the intention of the Child Rights Convention in policy as well as in practice. This book contains the final reports from Batch 12 with change agents from Cambodia, China, Colombia, Egypt, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Vietnam and Zambia.
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| 33. |
- Wångdahl Flinck, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Child Rights, Classroom and School Management : Change Projects from the International Training Programme Batch 13 - 2010b
- 2012
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- In 2003 Lund University Commissioned Education was given the task, after publictender, to create and administrate a programme on “Child Rights, Classroom andSchool Management” following the provisions and principles contained in the UNConvention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), Sida’s development policy on Education and other internationally ratified instruments in the areas of child rights and education. The programme was oriented to target persons holding a position from where they could initiate processes of change in their home countries. During the years 2003-2009 the International Training Programme (ITP) on Child Rights, Classroom and School Management was arranged 11 times with 330 participants completing it. Most of them are still working for child rights in their countries and have formed national and regional networks. In 2010 Lund University Commissioned Education won the contract in a new procurement for arranging the programme twice a year 2010 - 2012 with an option for another two years. In 2010 the 12th and 13th batch started the redesigned programme and this book is one of the results of batch 13.
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| 34. |
- Wångdahl Flinck, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Child Rights, Classroom and School Management : Change Projects from the International Training Programme Batch 16 - 2012a
- 2013
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Lund University has offered the Sida-financed International Training Programmeon Child Rights, Classroom and School Management since 2003. The programmetargets those in a position from which they can initiate processes of change in theeducation sector in their countries. During the programme all participating teamsinitiate a change project in their respective countries aiming at the realization ofthe intention of the Child Rights Convention in policy as well as in practice. Thisbook contains the final reports from Batch 16 with change agents from Cambodia,China, Colombia, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Malawi, Mozambique, Sri Lanka andZambia.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Yaghootkar, Hanieh, et al.
(författare)
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Mendelian randomization studies do not support a causal role for reduced circulating adiponectin levels in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1939-327X .- 0012-1797. ; 62:10, s. 3589-3598
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adiponectin is strongly inversely associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, but its causal role remains controversial. We used a Mendelian randomization approach to test the hypothesis that adiponectin causally influences insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We used genetic variants at the ADIPOQ gene as instruments to calculate a regression slope between adiponectin levels and metabolic traits (up to 31,000 individuals) and a combination of instrumental variables and summary statistics-based genetic risk scores to test the associations with gold-standard measures of insulin sensitivity (2,969 individuals) and type 2 diabetes (15,960 case subjects and 64,731 control subjects). In conventional regression analyses, a 1-SD decrease in adiponectin levels was correlated with a 0.31-SD (95% CI 0.26-0.35) increase in fasting insulin, a 0.34-SD (0.30-0.38) decrease in insulin sensitivity, and a type 2 diabetes odds ratio (OR) of 1.75 (1.47-2.13). The instrumental variable analysis revealed no evidence of a causal association between genetically lower circulating adiponectin and higher fasting insulin (0.02 SD; 95% CI -0.07 to 0.11; N = 29,771), nominal evidence of a causal relationship with lower insulin sensitivity (-0.20 SD; 95% CI -0.38 to -0.02; N = 1,860), and no evidence of a relationship with type 2 diabetes (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.75-1.19; N = 2,777 case subjects and 13,011 control subjects). Using the ADIPOQ summary statistics genetic risk scores, we found no evidence of an association between adiponectin-lowering alleles and insulin sensitivity (effect per weighted adiponectin-lowering allele: -0.03 SD; 95% CI -0.07 to 0.01; N = 2,969) or type 2 diabetes (OR per weighted adiponectin-lowering allele: 0.99; 95% CI 0.95-1.04; 15,960 case subjects vs. 64,731 control subjects). These results do not provide any consistent evidence that interventions aimed at increasing adiponectin levels will improve insulin sensitivity or risk of type 2 diabetes.
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